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Lens based adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopeFranz Felberer, Julia-Sophie Kroisamer, Christoph K. Hitzenberger, and Michael Pircher »View Author Affiliations
Franz Felberer,1
Julia-Sophie Kroisamer,1,2
Christoph K. Hitzenberger,1
and Michael Pircher1,*
1Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Waehringerguertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria 2Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria *Corresponding author: michael.pircher@meduniwien.ac.at |
Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 16, pp. 17297-17310 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.017297
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Abstract
We present an alternative approach for an adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AO-SLO). In contrast to other commonly used AO-SLO instruments, the imaging optics consist of lenses. Images of the fovea region of 5 healthy volunteers are recorded. The system is capable to resolve human foveal cones in 3 out of 5 healthy volunteers. Additionally, we investigated the capability of the system to support larger scanning angles (up to 5°) on the retina. Finally, in order to demonstrate the performance of the instrument images of rod photoreceptors are presented.
© 2012 OSA
OCIS Codes
(170.3890) Medical optics and biotechnology : Medical optics instrumentation
(170.4470) Medical optics and biotechnology : Ophthalmology
(330.5310) Vision, color, and visual optics : Vision - photoreceptors
(110.1080) Imaging systems : Active or adaptive optics
ToC Category:
Medical Optics and Biotechnology
History
Original Manuscript: March 29, 2012
Revised Manuscript: June 18, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: June 29, 2012
Published: July 16, 2012
Virtual Issues
Vol. 7, Iss. 9 Virtual Journal for Biomedical Optics
Citation
Franz Felberer, Julia-Sophie Kroisamer, Christoph K. Hitzenberger, and Michael Pircher, "Lens based adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope," Opt. Express 20, 17297-17310 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-20-16-17297
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- D. X. Hammer, R. D. Ferguson, C. E. Bigelow, N. V. Iftimia, T. E. Ustun, and S. A. Burns, “Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope for stabilized retinal imaging,” Opt. Express14(8), 3354–3367 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. L. Duncan, Y. H. Zhang, J. Gandhi, C. Nakanishi, M. Othman, K. E. H. Branham, A. Swaroop, and A. Roorda, “High-resolution imaging with adaptive optics in patients with inherited retinal degeneration,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.48(7), 3283–3291 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Pircher, E. Götzinger, H. Sattmann, R. A. Leitgeb, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “In vivo investigation of human cone photoreceptors with SLO/OCT in combination with 3D motion correction on a cellular level,” Opt. Express18(13), 13935–13944 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Pircher, B. Baumann, E. Götzinger, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “Retinal cone mosaic imaged with transverse scanning optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Lett.31(12), 1821–1823 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. M. Chen, K. Ratnam, S. M. Sundquist, B. Lujan, R. Ayyagari, V. H. Gudiseva, A. Roorda, and J. L. Duncan, “Cone photoreceptor abnormalities correlate with vision loss in patients with Stargardt disease,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.52(6), 3281–3292 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. D. Ferguson, Z. Y. Zhong, D. X. Hammer, M. Mujat, A. H. Patel, C. Deng, W. Y. Zou, and S. A. Burns, “Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope with integrated wide-field retinal imaging and tracking,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A27(11), A265–A277 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. D. Ferguson, Z. Y. Zhong, D. X. Hammer, M. Mujat, A. H. Patel, C. Deng, W. Y. Zou, and S. A. Burns, “Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope with integrated wide-field retinal imaging and tracking,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A27(11), A265–A277 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. A. Burns, R. Tumbar, A. E. Elsner, D. Ferguson, and D. X. Hammer, “Large-field-of-view, modular, stabilized, adaptive-optics-based scanning laser ophthalmoscope,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A24(5), 1313–1326 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. E. Bigelow, N. V. Iftimia, R. D. Ferguson, T. E. Ustun, B. Bloom, and D. X. Hammer, “Compact multimodal adaptive-optics spectral-domain optical coherence tomography instrument for retinal imaging,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A24(5), 1327–1336 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. X. Hammer, R. D. Ferguson, C. E. Bigelow, N. V. Iftimia, T. E. Ustun, and S. A. Burns, “Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope for stabilized retinal imaging,” Opt. Express14(8), 3354–3367 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Ooto, M. Hangai, K. Takayama, A. Sakamoto, A. Tsujikawa, S. Oshima, T. Inoue, and N. Yoshimura, “High-resolution imaging of the photoreceptor layer in epiretinal membrane using adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy,” Ophthalmology118(5), 873–881 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Ooto, M. Hangai, K. Takayama, N. Arakawa, A. Tsujikawa, H. Koizumi, S. Oshima, and N. Yoshimura, “High-resolution photoreceptor imaging in idiopathic macular telangiectasia type 2 using adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.52(8), 5541–5550 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Ooto, M. Hangai, A. Sakamoto, A. Tsujikawa, K. Yamashiro, Y. Ojima, Y. Yamada, H. Mukai, S. Oshima, T. Inoue, and N. Yoshimura, “High-resolution imaging of resolved central serous chorioretinopathy using adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy,” Ophthalmology117(9), 1800–1809, 1809.e2 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. A. Curcio, K. R. Sloan, R. E. Kalina, and A. E. Hendrickson, “Human photoreceptor topography,” J. Comp. Neurol.292(4), 497–523 (1990). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Pircher, E. Götzinger, H. Sattmann, R. A. Leitgeb, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “In vivo investigation of human cone photoreceptors with SLO/OCT in combination with 3D motion correction on a cellular level,” Opt. Express18(13), 13935–13944 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Pircher, R. J. Zawadzki, J. W. Evans, J. S. Werner, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “Simultaneous imaging of human cone mosaic with adaptive optics enhanced scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and high-speed transversal scanning optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Lett.33(1), 22–24 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Pircher, B. Baumann, E. Götzinger, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “Retinal cone mosaic imaged with transverse scanning optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Lett.31(12), 1821–1823 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. K. Hitzenberger, “Optical measurement of the axial eye length by laser Doppler interferometry,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.32(3), 616–624 (1991). [PubMed]
- C. E. Bigelow, N. V. Iftimia, R. D. Ferguson, T. E. Ustun, B. Bloom, and D. X. Hammer, “Compact multimodal adaptive-optics spectral-domain optical coherence tomography instrument for retinal imaging,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A24(5), 1327–1336 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. X. Hammer, R. D. Ferguson, C. E. Bigelow, N. V. Iftimia, T. E. Ustun, and S. A. Burns, “Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope for stabilized retinal imaging,” Opt. Express14(8), 3354–3367 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Ooto, M. Hangai, K. Takayama, A. Sakamoto, A. Tsujikawa, S. Oshima, T. Inoue, and N. Yoshimura, “High-resolution imaging of the photoreceptor layer in epiretinal membrane using adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy,” Ophthalmology118(5), 873–881 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- S. Ooto, M. Hangai, A. Sakamoto, A. Tsujikawa, K. Yamashiro, Y. Ojima, Y. Yamada, H. Mukai, S. Oshima, T. Inoue, and N. Yoshimura, “High-resolution imaging of resolved central serous chorioretinopathy using adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy,” Ophthalmology117(9), 1800–1809, 1809.e2 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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Arch. Ophthalmol.
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Biomed. Opt. Express
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- A. Dubra, Y. Sulai, J. L. Norris, R. F. Cooper, A. M. Dubis, D. R. Williams, and J. Carroll, “Noninvasive imaging of the human rod photoreceptor mosaic using a confocal adaptive optics scanning ophthalmoscope,” Biomed. Opt. Express2(7), 1864–1876 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Nowakowski, M. Sheehan, D. Neal, and A. V. Goncharov, “Investigation of the isoplanatic patch and wavefront aberration along the pupillary axis compared to the line of sight in the eye,” Biomed. Opt. Express3(2), 240–258 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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Expert Rev. Ophthalmol.
- M. Pircher and R. Zawadzki, “Combining adaptive optics with optical coherence tomography: Unveiling the cellular structure of the human retina in vivo,” Expert Rev. Ophthalmol.2(6), 1019–1035 (2007). [CrossRef]
Eye (Lond.)
- D. T. Miller, O. P. Kocaoglu, Q. Wang, and S. Lee, “Adaptive optics and the eye (super resolution OCT),” Eye (Lond.)25(3), 321–330 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.
- Y. M. Chen, K. Ratnam, S. M. Sundquist, B. Lujan, R. Ayyagari, V. H. Gudiseva, A. Roorda, and J. L. Duncan, “Cone photoreceptor abnormalities correlate with vision loss in patients with Stargardt disease,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.52(6), 3281–3292 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Ooto, M. Hangai, K. Takayama, N. Arakawa, A. Tsujikawa, H. Koizumi, S. Oshima, and N. Yoshimura, “High-resolution photoreceptor imaging in idiopathic macular telangiectasia type 2 using adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.52(8), 5541–5550 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- J. L. Duncan, Y. H. Zhang, J. Gandhi, C. Nakanishi, M. Othman, K. E. H. Branham, A. Swaroop, and A. Roorda, “High-resolution imaging with adaptive optics in patients with inherited retinal degeneration,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.48(7), 3283–3291 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. K. Hitzenberger, “Optical measurement of the axial eye length by laser Doppler interferometry,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.32(3), 616–624 (1991). [PubMed]
- R. S. Jonnal, J. Qu, K. Thorn, and D. T. Miller, “En-face coherence gating of the retina with adaptive optics,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.44, U275 (2003).
- K. Y. Li, P. Tiruveedhula, and A. Roorda, “Intersubject variability of foveal cone photoreceptor density in relation to eye length,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.51(12), 6858–6867 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Comp. Neurol.
- C. A. Curcio, K. R. Sloan, R. E. Kalina, and A. E. Hendrickson, “Human photoreceptor topography,” J. Comp. Neurol.292(4), 497–523 (1990). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Opt. Soc. Am. A
- C. E. Bigelow, N. V. Iftimia, R. D. Ferguson, T. E. Ustun, B. Bloom, and D. X. Hammer, “Compact multimodal adaptive-optics spectral-domain optical coherence tomography instrument for retinal imaging,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A24(5), 1327–1336 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. C. Chen, S. M. Jones, D. A. Silva, and S. S. Olivier, “High-resolution adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope with dual deformable mirrors,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A24(5), 1305–1312 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. A. Burns, R. Tumbar, A. E. Elsner, D. Ferguson, and D. X. Hammer, “Large-field-of-view, modular, stabilized, adaptive-optics-based scanning laser ophthalmoscope,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A24(5), 1313–1326 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. D. Ferguson, Z. Y. Zhong, D. X. Hammer, M. Mujat, A. H. Patel, C. Deng, W. Y. Zou, and S. A. Burns, “Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope with integrated wide-field retinal imaging and tracking,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A27(11), A265–A277 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. S. Vilupuru, N. V. Rangaswamy, L. J. Frishman, E. L. Smith, R. S. Harwerth, and A. Roorda, “Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy for in vivo imaging of lamina cribrosa,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A24(5), 1417–1425 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- R. D. Ferguson, Z. Y. Zhong, D. X. Hammer, M. Mujat, A. H. Patel, C. Deng, W. Y. Zou, and S. A. Burns, “Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope with integrated wide-field retinal imaging and tracking,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A27(11), A265–A277 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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Ophthalmology
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Opt. Express
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Opt. Lett.
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Optom. Vis. Sci.
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Proc. SPIE
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Vision Res.
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2012, Nowakowski, Biomed. Opt. Express
- S. Ooto, M. Hangai, K. Takayama, A. Sakamoto, A. Tsujikawa, S. Oshima, T. Inoue, and N. Yoshimura, “High-resolution imaging of the photoreceptor layer in epiretinal membrane using adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy,” Ophthalmology118(5), 873–881 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. M. Chen, K. Ratnam, S. M. Sundquist, B. Lujan, R. Ayyagari, V. H. Gudiseva, A. Roorda, and J. L. Duncan, “Cone photoreceptor abnormalities correlate with vision loss in patients with Stargardt disease,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.52(6), 3281–3292 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Ooto, M. Hangai, K. Takayama, N. Arakawa, A. Tsujikawa, H. Koizumi, S. Oshima, and N. Yoshimura, “High-resolution photoreceptor imaging in idiopathic macular telangiectasia type 2 using adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.52(8), 5541–5550 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. T. Miller, O. P. Kocaoglu, Q. Wang, and S. Lee, “Adaptive optics and the eye (super resolution OCT),” Eye (Lond.)25(3), 321–330 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. R. Williams, “Imaging single cells in the living retina,” Vision Res.51(13), 1379–1396 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Ooto, M. Hangai, A. Sakamoto, A. Tsujikawa, K. Yamashiro, Y. Ojima, Y. Yamada, H. Mukai, S. Oshima, T. Inoue, and N. Yoshimura, “High-resolution imaging of resolved central serous chorioretinopathy using adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy,” Ophthalmology117(9), 1800–1809, 1809.e2 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Roorda, “Applications of adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy,” Optom. Vis. Sci.87(4), 260–268 (2010). [PubMed]
- K. Y. Li, P. Tiruveedhula, and A. Roorda, “Intersubject variability of foveal cone photoreceptor density in relation to eye length,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.51(12), 6858–6867 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Joeres, S. M. Jones, D. C. Chen, D. Silva, S. Olivier, A. Fawzi, A. Castellarin, and S. R. Sadda, “Retinal imaging with adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy in unexplained central ring scotoma,” Arch. Ophthalmol.126(4), 543–547 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Roorda, Y. H. Zhang, and J. L. Duncan, “High-resolution in vivo imaging of the RPE mosaic in eyes with retinal disease,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.48(5), 2297–2303 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. L. Duncan, Y. H. Zhang, J. Gandhi, C. Nakanishi, M. Othman, K. E. H. Branham, A. Swaroop, and A. Roorda, “High-resolution imaging with adaptive optics in patients with inherited retinal degeneration,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.48(7), 3283–3291 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Pircher and R. Zawadzki, “Combining adaptive optics with optical coherence tomography: Unveiling the cellular structure of the human retina in vivo,” Expert Rev. Ophthalmol.2(6), 1019–1035 (2007). [CrossRef]
- J. A. Martin and A. Roorda, “Direct and noninvasive assessment of parafoveal capillary leukocyte velocity,” Ophthalmology112(12), 2219–2224 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. B. Stevenson and A. Roorda, “Correcting for miniature eye movements in high resolution scanning laser ophthalmoscopy,” Proc. SPIE5688, 145–151 (2005). [CrossRef]
- R. S. Jonnal, J. Qu, K. Thorn, and D. T. Miller, “En-face coherence gating of the retina with adaptive optics,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.44, U275 (2003).
- D. T. Miller, D. R. Williams, G. M. Morris, and J. Z. Liang, “Images of cone photoreceptors in the living human eye,” Vision Res.36(8), 1067–1079 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. K. Hitzenberger, “Optical measurement of the axial eye length by laser Doppler interferometry,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.32(3), 616–624 (1991). [PubMed]
- C. A. Curcio, K. R. Sloan, R. E. Kalina, and A. E. Hendrickson, “Human photoreceptor topography,” J. Comp. Neurol.292(4), 497–523 (1990). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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