A novel coherent optical code-division multiple access (OCDMA) scheme is proposed that uses spectral line pairing to generate signals suitable for heterodyne decoding. Both signal and local reference are transmitted via a single optical fiber and a simple balanced receiver performs sourceless heterodyne detection, canceling speckle noise and multiple-access interference (MAI). To validate the idea, a 16 user fully loaded phase encoded system is simulated. Effects of fiber dispersion on system performance are studied as well. Both second and third order dispersion management is achieved by using a spectral phase encoder to adjust phase shifts of spectral components at the optical network unit (ONU).

© 2012 OSA

1. A. B. Cooper, J. B. Khurgin, S. M. Xu, and J. U. Kang, “Phase and polarization diversity for minimum MAI in OCDMA networks,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.13(5), 1386–1395 (2007). [CrossRef]
2. X. Wang and N. Wada, “Spectral phase encoding of ultra-short optical pulse in time domain for OCDMA application,” Opt. Express15(12), 7319–7326 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
3. X. Wang, Z. S. Gao, N. Kataoka, and N. Wada, “Time domain spectral phase encoding/DPSK data modulation using single phase modulator for OCDMA application,” Opt. Express18(10), 9879–9890 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
4. D. Zaccarin and M. Kavehrad, “An optical CDMA system based on spectral encoding of LED,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.5(4), 479–482 (1993). [CrossRef]
5. M. Kavehrad and D. Zaccarin, “Optical code-division-multiplexed systems based on spectral encoding of noncoherent sources,” J. Lightwave Technol.13(3), 534–545 (1995). [CrossRef]
6. C. F. Lam, D. T. K. Tong, M. C. Wu, and E. Yablonovitvh, “Experimental demonstration of bipolar optical CDMA system using a balanced transmitter and complementary spectral encoding,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.10(10), 1504–1506 (1998). [CrossRef]
7. P. C. Teh, P. Petropoulos, M. Ibsen, and D. J. Richardson, “A comparative study of the performance of seven and 63-chip optical code-division multiple-access encoders and decoders based on superstructured fiber Bragg gratings,” J. Lightwave Technol.19(9), 1352–1365 (2001). [CrossRef]
8. X. Wang, K. Matsushima, A. Nishiki, N. Wada, and K. Kitayama, “High reflectivity superstructured FBG for coherent optical code generation and recognition,” Opt. Express12(22), 5457–5468 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
9. C. C. Chang, H. P. Sardesai, and A. M. Weiner, “Code-division multiple-access encoding and decoding of femtosecond optical pulses over a 2.5-km fiber link,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.10(1), 171–173 (1998). [CrossRef]
10. A. Agarwal, P. Toliver, R. Menendez, T. Banwell, J. Jackel, and S. Etemad, “Spectrally efficient six-user coherent OCDMA system using reconfigurable integrated ring resonator circuits,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.18(18), 1952–1954 (2006). [CrossRef]
11. J. Cao, R. G. Broeke, N. K. Fontaine, C. Ji, Y. Du, N. Chubun, K. Aihara, A.-V. Pham, F. Olsson, S. Lourdudoss, and S. J. B. Yoo, “Demonstration of spectral phase O-CDMA encoding and decoding in monolithically integrated arrayed-waveguide-grating-based encoder,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.18(24), 2602–2604 (2006). [CrossRef]
12. W. H. C. de Krom, “Impact of laser phase noise on the performance of a 3 × 3 phase and polarization diversity optical homodyne DPSK receiver,” J. Lightwave Technol.8(11), 1709–1715 (1990). [CrossRef]
13. Y. Yang, A. B. Cooper, J. B. Khurgin, and J. U. Kang, “Robustness of coherent SPE-OCDMA to combined dispersion impairments,” Proc. CLEO, Baltimore, (2011).
14. T. Mizuno, T. Kitoh, T. Saida, Y. Inoue, M. Itoh, T. Shibata, Y. Hibino, and Y. Hida, “Low-loss 1.5%-∆ arrayed waveguide grating with narrow laterally tapered spotsize converter,” Electron. Lett.37(24), 1452–1454 (2001). [CrossRef]
15. Y. Yang, A. B. Cooper III, J. B. Khurgin, and J. Kang, “Sequences for impairment mitigation in coherent SPE-OCDMA,” Proc. SPPCOM Topic Meeting Advanced Photonics Conference, Toronto, (2011).
16. A. Weiner, Ultrafast Optics (John Wiley & Sons, 2009).
17. C. C. Chang, H. P. Sardesai, and A. M. Weiner, “Dispersion-free fiber transmission for femtosecond pulses by use of a dispersion-compensating fiber and a programmable pulse shaper,” Opt. Lett.23(4), 283–285 (1998). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
18. S. Shen and A. M. Weiner, “Complete dispersion compensation for 400-fs pulse transmission over 10-km fiber link using dispersion compensating fiber and spectral phase equalizer,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.11(7), 827–829 (1999). [CrossRef]
19. P. Toliver, A. Agarwal, R. Menendez, J. Jackel, and S. Etemad, “Optical code division multiplexing for confidentiality at the photonic layer in metro networks and beyond,” Proc. SPIE7235, 723506, 723506-10 (2009). [CrossRef]
20. J. Chen, Q. Zhang, C. Yu, X. Xin, Y. Shi, F. Deng, and C. Jin, “40Gbit/s PON over OCDMA uplink using DQPSK/OOK orthogonal re-modulation,” Proc. SPIE7848, 784837, 784837-8 (2010). [CrossRef]
21. Z. Gao, X. Wang, N. Kataoka, and N. Wada, “Demonstration of a two-user time domain spectral phase enoding OCDMA system with variable bandwidth spectrum shaper based decoder,” Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett.53(8), 1879–1882 (2011). [CrossRef]
22. S. J. Yoo, J. P. Heritage, V. J. Hernandez, R. P. Scott, W. Cong, N. K. Fontaine, R. G. Broeke, J. Cao, S.-W. Seo, J.-H. Baek, F. M. Soares, Y. Du, C. Yang, W. Jiang, K. Aihara, Z. Ding, B. H. Kolner, S. Anh-Vu Pham, S. Lin, F. Olsson, S. Lourdudoss, K. Y. Liou, S. N. Chu, R. A. Hamm, B. Patel, W. S. Hobson, J. R. Lothian, S. Vatanapradit, L. A. Gruezke, W. T. Tsang, M. Shearn, and A. Scherer, “Spectral phase encoded time spread optical code division multiple access technology for next generation communication networks [Invited],” J. Opt. Netw.6(10), 1210–1227 (2007).

Electron. Lett.

• T. Mizuno, T. Kitoh, T. Saida, Y. Inoue, M. Itoh, T. Shibata, Y. Hibino, and Y. Hida, “Low-loss 1.5%-∆ arrayed waveguide grating with narrow laterally tapered spotsize converter,” Electron. Lett.37(24), 1452–1454 (2001). [CrossRef]

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.

• A. B. Cooper, J. B. Khurgin, S. M. Xu, and J. U. Kang, “Phase and polarization diversity for minimum MAI in OCDMA networks,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.13(5), 1386–1395 (2007). [CrossRef]

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.

• D. Zaccarin and M. Kavehrad, “An optical CDMA system based on spectral encoding of LED,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.5(4), 479–482 (1993). [CrossRef]
• C. C. Chang, H. P. Sardesai, and A. M. Weiner, “Code-division multiple-access encoding and decoding of femtosecond optical pulses over a 2.5-km fiber link,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.10(1), 171–173 (1998). [CrossRef]
• A. Agarwal, P. Toliver, R. Menendez, T. Banwell, J. Jackel, and S. Etemad, “Spectrally efficient six-user coherent OCDMA system using reconfigurable integrated ring resonator circuits,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.18(18), 1952–1954 (2006). [CrossRef]
• J. Cao, R. G. Broeke, N. K. Fontaine, C. Ji, Y. Du, N. Chubun, K. Aihara, A.-V. Pham, F. Olsson, S. Lourdudoss, and S. J. B. Yoo, “Demonstration of spectral phase O-CDMA encoding and decoding in monolithically integrated arrayed-waveguide-grating-based encoder,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.18(24), 2602–2604 (2006). [CrossRef]
• C. F. Lam, D. T. K. Tong, M. C. Wu, and E. Yablonovitvh, “Experimental demonstration of bipolar optical CDMA system using a balanced transmitter and complementary spectral encoding,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.10(10), 1504–1506 (1998). [CrossRef]
• S. Shen and A. M. Weiner, “Complete dispersion compensation for 400-fs pulse transmission over 10-km fiber link using dispersion compensating fiber and spectral phase equalizer,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.11(7), 827–829 (1999). [CrossRef]

J. Lightwave Technol.

• P. C. Teh, P. Petropoulos, M. Ibsen, and D. J. Richardson, “A comparative study of the performance of seven and 63-chip optical code-division multiple-access encoders and decoders based on superstructured fiber Bragg gratings,” J. Lightwave Technol.19(9), 1352–1365 (2001). [CrossRef]
• W. H. C. de Krom, “Impact of laser phase noise on the performance of a 3 × 3 phase and polarization diversity optical homodyne DPSK receiver,” J. Lightwave Technol.8(11), 1709–1715 (1990). [CrossRef]
• M. Kavehrad and D. Zaccarin, “Optical code-division-multiplexed systems based on spectral encoding of noncoherent sources,” J. Lightwave Technol.13(3), 534–545 (1995). [CrossRef]

J. Opt. Netw.

• S. J. Yoo, J. P. Heritage, V. J. Hernandez, R. P. Scott, W. Cong, N. K. Fontaine, R. G. Broeke, J. Cao, S.-W. Seo, J.-H. Baek, F. M. Soares, Y. Du, C. Yang, W. Jiang, K. Aihara, Z. Ding, B. H. Kolner, S. Anh-Vu Pham, S. Lin, F. Olsson, S. Lourdudoss, K. Y. Liou, S. N. Chu, R. A. Hamm, B. Patel, W. S. Hobson, J. R. Lothian, S. Vatanapradit, L. A. Gruezke, W. T. Tsang, M. Shearn, and A. Scherer, “Spectral phase encoded time spread optical code division multiple access technology for next generation communication networks [Invited],” J. Opt. Netw.6(10), 1210–1227 (2007).

Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett.

• Z. Gao, X. Wang, N. Kataoka, and N. Wada, “Demonstration of a two-user time domain spectral phase enoding OCDMA system with variable bandwidth spectrum shaper based decoder,” Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett.53(8), 1879–1882 (2011). [CrossRef]

Opt. Express

• X. Wang, K. Matsushima, A. Nishiki, N. Wada, and K. Kitayama, “High reflectivity superstructured FBG for coherent optical code generation and recognition,” Opt. Express12(22), 5457–5468 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• X. Wang and N. Wada, “Spectral phase encoding of ultra-short optical pulse in time domain for OCDMA application,” Opt. Express15(12), 7319–7326 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• X. Wang, Z. S. Gao, N. Kataoka, and N. Wada, “Time domain spectral phase encoding/DPSK data modulation using single phase modulator for OCDMA application,” Opt. Express18(10), 9879–9890 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Opt. Lett.

• C. C. Chang, H. P. Sardesai, and A. M. Weiner, “Dispersion-free fiber transmission for femtosecond pulses by use of a dispersion-compensating fiber and a programmable pulse shaper,” Opt. Lett.23(4), 283–285 (1998). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Proc. SPIE

• P. Toliver, A. Agarwal, R. Menendez, J. Jackel, and S. Etemad, “Optical code division multiplexing for confidentiality at the photonic layer in metro networks and beyond,” Proc. SPIE7235, 723506, 723506-10 (2009). [CrossRef]
• J. Chen, Q. Zhang, C. Yu, X. Xin, Y. Shi, F. Deng, and C. Jin, “40Gbit/s PON over OCDMA uplink using DQPSK/OOK orthogonal re-modulation,” Proc. SPIE7848, 784837, 784837-8 (2010). [CrossRef]

Other

• Y. Yang, A. B. Cooper III, J. B. Khurgin, and J. Kang, “Sequences for impairment mitigation in coherent SPE-OCDMA,” Proc. SPPCOM Topic Meeting Advanced Photonics Conference, Toronto, (2011).
• A. Weiner, Ultrafast Optics (John Wiley & Sons, 2009).
• Y. Yang, A. B. Cooper, J. B. Khurgin, and J. U. Kang, “Robustness of coherent SPE-OCDMA to combined dispersion impairments,” Proc. CLEO, Baltimore, (2011).

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