Saturated excitation of fluorescence to quantify excitation enhancement in aperture antennas

doi:10.1364/OE.20.018085

Saturated excitation of fluorescence to quantify excitation enhancement in aperture antennas

Heykel Aouani, Richard Hostein, Oussama Mahboub, Eloïse Devaux, Hervé Rigneault, Thomas W. Ebbesen, and Jérôme Wenger »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 16, pp. 18085-18090 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.018085

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Abstract

Fluorescence spectroscopy is widely used to probe the electromagnetic intensity amplification on optical antennas, yet measuring the excitation intensity amplification is a challenge, as the detected fluorescence signal is an intricate combination of excitation and emission. Here, we describe a novel approach to quantify the electromagnetic amplification in aperture antennas by taking advantage of the intrinsic non linear properties of the fluorescence process. Experimental measurements of the fundamental f and second harmonic 2f amplitudes of the fluorescence signal upon excitation modulation are used to quantify the electromagnetic intensity amplification with plasmonic aperture antennas.

OCIS Codes
(050.1220) Diffraction and gratings : Apertures
(240.0240) Optics at surfaces : Optics at surfaces
(300.6280) Spectroscopy : Spectroscopy, fluorescence and luminescence

ToC Category:
Optics at Surfaces

History
Original Manuscript: May 16, 2012
Revised Manuscript: June 27, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: June 29, 2012
Published: July 23, 2012

Citation
Heykel Aouani, Richard Hostein, Oussama Mahboub, Eloïse Devaux, Hervé Rigneault, Thomas W. Ebbesen, and Jérôme Wenger, "Saturated excitation of fluorescence to quantify excitation enhancement in aperture antennas," Opt. Express 20, 18085-18090 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-20-16-18085

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References

L. Novotny and N. van Hulst, “Antennas for light,” Nat. Photonics5, 83–90 (2011). [CrossRef]
J. A. Schuller, E. S. Barnard, W. S. Cai, Y. C. Jun, J. S. White, and M. L. Brongersma, “Plasmonics for extreme light concentration and manipulation,” Nature Mater.9, 193–204 (2010). [CrossRef]
A. Kinkhabwala, Z. F. Yu, S. H. Fan, Y. Avlasevich, K. Mullen, and W. E. Moerner, “Large single-molecule fluorescence enhancements produced by a bowtie nanoantenna,” Nat. Photonics3, 654–657 (2009). [CrossRef]
H. Ko, S. Singamaneni, and V. V. Tsukruk, “Nanostructured surfaces and assemblies as SERS media,” Small4, 1576–1599 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
P. Mühlschlegel, H. J. Eisler, O. J. F. Martin, B. Hecht, and D. W. Pohl, “Resonant optical antennas,” Science308, 1607–1609 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Y. Fu and J. R. Lakowicz, “Modification of single molecule fluorescence near metallic nanostructures,” Laser Photon. Rev.3, 221–232 (2009). [CrossRef]
R. Hostein, H. Aouani, H. Rigneault, and J. Wenger, “Deciphering fluorescence signals by quantifying separately the excitation intensity from the number of emitters,” Opt. Lett.36, 3317–3319 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
K. Fujita, M. Kobayashi, S. Kawano, M. Yamanaka, and S. Kawata, “High-resolution confocal microscopy by saturated excitation of fluorescence,” Phys. Rev. Lett.99, 228105 (2007). [CrossRef]
M. Yamanaka, S. Kawano, K. Fujita, N. I. Smith, and S. Kawata, “Beyond the diffraction-limit biological imaging by saturated excitation microscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt.13, 050507 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
H. J. Lezec, A. Degiron, E. Devaux, R. A. Linke, L. Martin-Moreno, F. J. Garcia-Vidal, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Beaming light from a subwavelength aperture,” Science297, 820–822 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
F. J. Garcia-Vidal, L. Martin-Moreno, T. W. Ebbesen, and L. Kuipers, “Light passing through subwavelength apertures,” Rev. Mod. Phys.82, 729–787 (2010). [CrossRef]
H. Aouani, O. Mahboub, N. Bonod, E. Devaux, E. Popov, H. Rigneault, T. W. Ebbesen, and J. Wenger, “Bright unidirectional fluorescence emission of molecules in a nanoaperture with plasmonic corrugations,” Nano Lett.11, 637–644 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Y. C. Jun, K. C. Y. Huang, and M. L. Brongersma, “Plasmonic beaming and active control over fluorescent emission,” Nature Commun.2, 283 (2011). [CrossRef]
H. Aouani, O. Mahboub, E. Devaux, H. Rigneault, T. W. Ebbesen, and J. Wenger, “Large molecular fluorescence enhancement by a nanoaperture with plasmonic corrugations,” Opt. Express19, 13056–13062 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
O. Mahboub, S. Carretero Palacios, C. Genet, F. J. Garcia-Vidal, S. G. Rodrigo, L. Martin-Moreno, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Optimization of bulls eye structures for transmission enhancement,” Opt. Express18, 11292–11299 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
H. Aouani, S. Itzhakov, D. Gachet, E. Devaux, T. W. Ebbesen, H. Rigneault, D. Oron, and J. Wenger, “Colloidal quantum dots as probes of excitation field enhancement in photonic antennas,” ACS Nano8, 4571–4578 (2010). [CrossRef]
N. Djaker, R. Hostein, E. Devaux, T. W. Ebbesen, H. Rigneault, and J. Wenger, “Surface enhanced Raman Scattering on a single nanometric aperture,” J. Phys. Chem. C114, 16250–16256 (2010). [CrossRef]

ACS Nano

H. Aouani, S. Itzhakov, D. Gachet, E. Devaux, T. W. Ebbesen, H. Rigneault, D. Oron, and J. Wenger, “Colloidal quantum dots as probes of excitation field enhancement in photonic antennas,” ACS Nano8, 4571–4578 (2010). [CrossRef]

J. Biomed. Opt.

M. Yamanaka, S. Kawano, K. Fujita, N. I. Smith, and S. Kawata, “Beyond the diffraction-limit biological imaging by saturated excitation microscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt.13, 050507 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

J. Phys. Chem. C

N. Djaker, R. Hostein, E. Devaux, T. W. Ebbesen, H. Rigneault, and J. Wenger, “Surface enhanced Raman Scattering on a single nanometric aperture,” J. Phys. Chem. C114, 16250–16256 (2010). [CrossRef]

Laser Photon. Rev.

Y. Fu and J. R. Lakowicz, “Modification of single molecule fluorescence near metallic nanostructures,” Laser Photon. Rev.3, 221–232 (2009). [CrossRef]

Nano Lett.

H. Aouani, O. Mahboub, N. Bonod, E. Devaux, E. Popov, H. Rigneault, T. W. Ebbesen, and J. Wenger, “Bright unidirectional fluorescence emission of molecules in a nanoaperture with plasmonic corrugations,” Nano Lett.11, 637–644 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Nat. Photonics

L. Novotny and N. van Hulst, “Antennas for light,” Nat. Photonics5, 83–90 (2011). [CrossRef]
A. Kinkhabwala, Z. F. Yu, S. H. Fan, Y. Avlasevich, K. Mullen, and W. E. Moerner, “Large single-molecule fluorescence enhancements produced by a bowtie nanoantenna,” Nat. Photonics3, 654–657 (2009). [CrossRef]

Nature Commun.

Y. C. Jun, K. C. Y. Huang, and M. L. Brongersma, “Plasmonic beaming and active control over fluorescent emission,” Nature Commun.2, 283 (2011). [CrossRef]

Nature Mater.

J. A. Schuller, E. S. Barnard, W. S. Cai, Y. C. Jun, J. S. White, and M. L. Brongersma, “Plasmonics for extreme light concentration and manipulation,” Nature Mater.9, 193–204 (2010). [CrossRef]

Opt. Express

Opt. Lett.

R. Hostein, H. Aouani, H. Rigneault, and J. Wenger, “Deciphering fluorescence signals by quantifying separately the excitation intensity from the number of emitters,” Opt. Lett.36, 3317–3319 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Phys. Rev. Lett.

K. Fujita, M. Kobayashi, S. Kawano, M. Yamanaka, and S. Kawata, “High-resolution confocal microscopy by saturated excitation of fluorescence,” Phys. Rev. Lett.99, 228105 (2007). [CrossRef]

Rev. Mod. Phys.

F. J. Garcia-Vidal, L. Martin-Moreno, T. W. Ebbesen, and L. Kuipers, “Light passing through subwavelength apertures,” Rev. Mod. Phys.82, 729–787 (2010). [CrossRef]

Science

P. Mühlschlegel, H. J. Eisler, O. J. F. Martin, B. Hecht, and D. W. Pohl, “Resonant optical antennas,” Science308, 1607–1609 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
H. J. Lezec, A. Degiron, E. Devaux, R. A. Linke, L. Martin-Moreno, F. J. Garcia-Vidal, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Beaming light from a subwavelength aperture,” Science297, 820–822 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Small

H. Ko, S. Singamaneni, and V. V. Tsukruk, “Nanostructured surfaces and assemblies as SERS media,” Small4, 1576–1599 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

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[1] L. Novotny and N. van Hulst, “Antennas for light,” Nat. Photonics5, 83–90 (2011). [CrossRef]

[2] J. A. Schuller, E. S. Barnard, W. S. Cai, Y. C. Jun, J. S. White, and M. L. Brongersma, “Plasmonics for extreme light concentration and manipulation,” Nature Mater.9, 193–204 (2010). [CrossRef]

[3] A. Kinkhabwala, Z. F. Yu, S. H. Fan, Y. Avlasevich, K. Mullen, and W. E. Moerner, “Large single-molecule fluorescence enhancements produced by a bowtie nanoantenna,” Nat. Photonics3, 654–657 (2009). [CrossRef]

[4] H. Ko, S. Singamaneni, and V. V. Tsukruk, “Nanostructured surfaces and assemblies as SERS media,” Small4, 1576–1599 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[5] P. Mühlschlegel, H. J. Eisler, O. J. F. Martin, B. Hecht, and D. W. Pohl, “Resonant optical antennas,” Science308, 1607–1609 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[6] Y. Fu and J. R. Lakowicz, “Modification of single molecule fluorescence near metallic nanostructures,” Laser Photon. Rev.3, 221–232 (2009). [CrossRef]

[7] R. Hostein, H. Aouani, H. Rigneault, and J. Wenger, “Deciphering fluorescence signals by quantifying separately the excitation intensity from the number of emitters,” Opt. Lett.36, 3317–3319 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[8] K. Fujita, M. Kobayashi, S. Kawano, M. Yamanaka, and S. Kawata, “High-resolution confocal microscopy by saturated excitation of fluorescence,” Phys. Rev. Lett.99, 228105 (2007). [CrossRef]

[9] M. Yamanaka, S. Kawano, K. Fujita, N. I. Smith, and S. Kawata, “Beyond the diffraction-limit biological imaging by saturated excitation microscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt.13, 050507 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[10] H. J. Lezec, A. Degiron, E. Devaux, R. A. Linke, L. Martin-Moreno, F. J. Garcia-Vidal, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Beaming light from a subwavelength aperture,” Science297, 820–822 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[11] F. J. Garcia-Vidal, L. Martin-Moreno, T. W. Ebbesen, and L. Kuipers, “Light passing through subwavelength apertures,” Rev. Mod. Phys.82, 729–787 (2010). [CrossRef]

[12] H. Aouani, O. Mahboub, N. Bonod, E. Devaux, E. Popov, H. Rigneault, T. W. Ebbesen, and J. Wenger, “Bright unidirectional fluorescence emission of molecules in a nanoaperture with plasmonic corrugations,” Nano Lett.11, 637–644 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[13] Y. C. Jun, K. C. Y. Huang, and M. L. Brongersma, “Plasmonic beaming and active control over fluorescent emission,” Nature Commun.2, 283 (2011). [CrossRef]

[14] H. Aouani, O. Mahboub, E. Devaux, H. Rigneault, T. W. Ebbesen, and J. Wenger, “Large molecular fluorescence enhancement by a nanoaperture with plasmonic corrugations,” Opt. Express19, 13056–13062 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[15] O. Mahboub, S. Carretero Palacios, C. Genet, F. J. Garcia-Vidal, S. G. Rodrigo, L. Martin-Moreno, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Optimization of bulls eye structures for transmission enhancement,” Opt. Express18, 11292–11299 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[16] H. Aouani, S. Itzhakov, D. Gachet, E. Devaux, T. W. Ebbesen, H. Rigneault, D. Oron, and J. Wenger, “Colloidal quantum dots as probes of excitation field enhancement in photonic antennas,” ACS Nano8, 4571–4578 (2010). [CrossRef]

[17] N. Djaker, R. Hostein, E. Devaux, T. W. Ebbesen, H. Rigneault, and J. Wenger, “Surface enhanced Raman Scattering on a single nanometric aperture,” J. Phys. Chem. C114, 16250–16256 (2010). [CrossRef]

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Saturated excitation of fluorescence to quantify excitation enhancement in aperture antennas

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Abstract

References

ACS Nano

J. Biomed. Opt.

J. Phys. Chem. C

Laser Photon. Rev.

Nano Lett.

Nat. Photonics

Nature Commun.

Nature Mater.

Opt. Express

Opt. Lett.

Phys. Rev. Lett.

Rev. Mod. Phys.

Science

Small

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