We experimentally demonstrate an all-optical analog to electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) on chip using coupled high-Q silica microtoroid cavities with Q-factors above 10⁶. The transmission spectrum of the all-optical analog to EIT is precisely controlled by tuning the distance between the two microtoroids, as well as the detunings of the resonance frequencies of the two cavities.

© 2012 OSA

1. S. E. Harris, “Electromagnetically induced transparency,” Phys. Today50(7), 36–42 (1997). [CrossRef]
2. J. Gea-Banacloche, Y. Li, S. Jin, and M. Xiao, “Electromagnetically induced transparency in ladder-type inhomogeneously broadened media: Theory and experiment,” Phys. Rev. A51(1), 576–584 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
3. M. Fleischhauer, A. Imamoglu, and J. P. Marangos, “Electromagnetically induced transparency: Optics in coherent media,” Rev. Mod. Phys.77(2), 633–673 (2005). [CrossRef]
4. M. D. Lukin and A. Imamoğlu, “Controlling photons using electromagnetically induced transparency,” Nature413(6853), 273–276 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
5. L. Maleki, A. B. Matsko, A. A. Savchenkov, and V. S. Ilchenko, “Tunable delay line with interacting whispering-gallery-mode resonators,” Opt. Lett.29(6), 626–628 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
6. M. F. Yanik, W. Suh, Z. Wang, and S. Fan, “Stopping Light in a Waveguide with an All-Optical Analog of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency,” Phys. Rev. Lett.93(23), 233903 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
7. D. D. Smith, H. Chang, K. A. Fuller, A. T. Rosenberger, and R. W. Boyd, “Coupled-resonator-induced transparency,” Phys. Rev. A69(6), 063804 (2004). [CrossRef]
8. A. Naweed, G. Farca, S. I. Shopova, and A. T. Rosenberger, “Induced transparency and absorption in coupled whispering-gallery microresonators,” Phys. Rev. A71(4), 043804 (2005). [CrossRef]
9. K. Totsuka, N. Kobayashi, and M. Tomita, “Slow light in coupled-resonator-induced transparency,” Phys. Rev. Lett.98(21), 213904 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
10. Q. Xu, S. Sandhu, M. L. Povinelli, J. Shakya, S. Fan, and M. Lipson, “Experimental Realization of an On-Chip All-Optical Analogue to Electromagnetically Induced Transparency,” Phys. Rev. Lett.96(12), 123901 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
11. R. W. Boyd and D. J. Gauthier, “Photonics: transparency on an optical chip,” Nature441(7094), 701–702 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
12. Q. Xu, P. Dong, and M. Lipson, “Breaking the delay-bandwidth limit in a photonic structure,” Nat. Phys.3(6), 406–410 (2007). [CrossRef]
13. X. Yang, M. Yu, D. L. Kwong, and C. W. Wong, “All-optical analog to electromagnetically induced transparency in multiple coupled photonic crystal cavities,” Phys. Rev. Lett.102(17), 173902 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
14. X. Yang, M. Yu, D. L. Kwong, and C. W. Wong, “Coupled resonances in multiple silicon photonic crystal cavities in all-optical solid-state analogy to electromagnetically induced transparency,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.16(1), 288–294 (2010). [CrossRef]
15. S. I. Shopova, Y. Sun, A. T. Rosenberger, and X. Fan, “Highly sensitive tuning of coupled optical ring resonators by microfluidics,” Microfluid Nanofluid6(3), 425–429 (2009). [CrossRef]
16. Y.-F. Xiao, L. He, J. Zhu, and L. Yang, “Electromagnetically induced transparency-like effect in a single polydimethylsiloxane coated silica microtoroid,” Appl. Phys. Lett.94(23), 231115 (2009). [CrossRef]
17. D. K. Armani, T. J. Kippenberg, S. M. Spillane, and K. J. Vahala, “Ultra-high-Q toroid microcavity on a chip,” Nature421(6926), 925–928 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
18. M. Cai, O. Painter, and K. J. Vahala, “Observation of critical coupling in a fiber taper to a silica-microsphere whispering-gallery mode system,” Phys. Rev. Lett.85(1), 74–77 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
19. S. M. Spillane, T. J. Kippenberg, O. J. Painter, and K. J. Vahala, “Ideality in a fiber-taper-coupled microresonator system for application to cavity quantum electrodynamics,” Phys. Rev. Lett.91(4), 043902 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
20. I. S. Grudinin, H. Lee, O. Painter, and K. J. Vahala, “Phonon laser action in a tunable two-level system,” Phys. Rev. Lett.104(8), 083901 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
21. G. Anetsberger, O. Arcizet, Q. P. Unterreithmeier, R. Rivière, A. Schliesser, E. M. Weig, J. P. Kotthaus, and T. J. Kippenberg, “Near-field cavity optomechanics with nanomechanical oscillators,” Nat. Phys.5(12), 909–914 (2009). [CrossRef]
22. H. A. Haus, Waves and Fields in Optoelectronics (Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ,1984).
23. Y.-F. Xiao, V. Gaddam, and L. Yang, “Coupled optical microcavities: an enhanced refractometric sensing configuration,” Opt. Express16(17), 12538–12543 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
24. T. J. Kippenberg and K. J. Vahala, “Cavity Optomechanics: Back-Action at the Mesoscale,” Science321(5893), 1172–1176 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
25. K. Di, C. D. Xie, and J. Zhang, “Coupled-resonator-induced transparency with a squeezed vacuum,” Phys. Rev. Lett.106(15), 153602 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
26. A. Majumdar, A. Rundquist, M. Bajcsy, and J. Vuckovic, “Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics with a Single Quantum Dot Coupled to a Photonic Molecule,” arXiv:1201.6244v1.

Appl. Phys. Lett.

• Y.-F. Xiao, L. He, J. Zhu, and L. Yang, “Electromagnetically induced transparency-like effect in a single polydimethylsiloxane coated silica microtoroid,” Appl. Phys. Lett.94(23), 231115 (2009). [CrossRef]

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.

• X. Yang, M. Yu, D. L. Kwong, and C. W. Wong, “Coupled resonances in multiple silicon photonic crystal cavities in all-optical solid-state analogy to electromagnetically induced transparency,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.16(1), 288–294 (2010). [CrossRef]

Microfluid Nanofluid

• S. I. Shopova, Y. Sun, A. T. Rosenberger, and X. Fan, “Highly sensitive tuning of coupled optical ring resonators by microfluidics,” Microfluid Nanofluid6(3), 425–429 (2009). [CrossRef]

Nat. Phys.

• G. Anetsberger, O. Arcizet, Q. P. Unterreithmeier, R. Rivière, A. Schliesser, E. M. Weig, J. P. Kotthaus, and T. J. Kippenberg, “Near-field cavity optomechanics with nanomechanical oscillators,” Nat. Phys.5(12), 909–914 (2009). [CrossRef]
• Q. Xu, P. Dong, and M. Lipson, “Breaking the delay-bandwidth limit in a photonic structure,” Nat. Phys.3(6), 406–410 (2007). [CrossRef]

Nature

• R. W. Boyd and D. J. Gauthier, “Photonics: transparency on an optical chip,” Nature441(7094), 701–702 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• D. K. Armani, T. J. Kippenberg, S. M. Spillane, and K. J. Vahala, “Ultra-high-Q toroid microcavity on a chip,” Nature421(6926), 925–928 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• M. D. Lukin and A. Imamoğlu, “Controlling photons using electromagnetically induced transparency,” Nature413(6853), 273–276 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Opt. Express

• Y.-F. Xiao, V. Gaddam, and L. Yang, “Coupled optical microcavities: an enhanced refractometric sensing configuration,” Opt. Express16(17), 12538–12543 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Opt. Lett.

• L. Maleki, A. B. Matsko, A. A. Savchenkov, and V. S. Ilchenko, “Tunable delay line with interacting whispering-gallery-mode resonators,” Opt. Lett.29(6), 626–628 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Phys. Rev. A

• J. Gea-Banacloche, Y. Li, S. Jin, and M. Xiao, “Electromagnetically induced transparency in ladder-type inhomogeneously broadened media: Theory and experiment,” Phys. Rev. A51(1), 576–584 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• D. D. Smith, H. Chang, K. A. Fuller, A. T. Rosenberger, and R. W. Boyd, “Coupled-resonator-induced transparency,” Phys. Rev. A69(6), 063804 (2004). [CrossRef]
• A. Naweed, G. Farca, S. I. Shopova, and A. T. Rosenberger, “Induced transparency and absorption in coupled whispering-gallery microresonators,” Phys. Rev. A71(4), 043804 (2005). [CrossRef]

Phys. Rev. Lett.

• K. Totsuka, N. Kobayashi, and M. Tomita, “Slow light in coupled-resonator-induced transparency,” Phys. Rev. Lett.98(21), 213904 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• Q. Xu, S. Sandhu, M. L. Povinelli, J. Shakya, S. Fan, and M. Lipson, “Experimental Realization of an On-Chip All-Optical Analogue to Electromagnetically Induced Transparency,” Phys. Rev. Lett.96(12), 123901 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• M. F. Yanik, W. Suh, Z. Wang, and S. Fan, “Stopping Light in a Waveguide with an All-Optical Analog of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency,” Phys. Rev. Lett.93(23), 233903 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• M. Cai, O. Painter, and K. J. Vahala, “Observation of critical coupling in a fiber taper to a silica-microsphere whispering-gallery mode system,” Phys. Rev. Lett.85(1), 74–77 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• S. M. Spillane, T. J. Kippenberg, O. J. Painter, and K. J. Vahala, “Ideality in a fiber-taper-coupled microresonator system for application to cavity quantum electrodynamics,” Phys. Rev. Lett.91(4), 043902 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• I. S. Grudinin, H. Lee, O. Painter, and K. J. Vahala, “Phonon laser action in a tunable two-level system,” Phys. Rev. Lett.104(8), 083901 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• X. Yang, M. Yu, D. L. Kwong, and C. W. Wong, “All-optical analog to electromagnetically induced transparency in multiple coupled photonic crystal cavities,” Phys. Rev. Lett.102(17), 173902 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• K. Di, C. D. Xie, and J. Zhang, “Coupled-resonator-induced transparency with a squeezed vacuum,” Phys. Rev. Lett.106(15), 153602 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Phys. Today

• S. E. Harris, “Electromagnetically induced transparency,” Phys. Today50(7), 36–42 (1997). [CrossRef]

Rev. Mod. Phys.

• M. Fleischhauer, A. Imamoglu, and J. P. Marangos, “Electromagnetically induced transparency: Optics in coherent media,” Rev. Mod. Phys.77(2), 633–673 (2005). [CrossRef]

Science

• T. J. Kippenberg and K. J. Vahala, “Cavity Optomechanics: Back-Action at the Mesoscale,” Science321(5893), 1172–1176 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Other

• A. Majumdar, A. Rundquist, M. Bajcsy, and J. Vuckovic, “Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics with a Single Quantum Dot Coupled to a Photonic Molecule,” arXiv:1201.6244v1.
• H. A. Haus, Waves and Fields in Optoelectronics (Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ,1984).

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