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Unidirectionally optical coupling from free space into silicon waveguide with wide flat-top angular efficiencyKun Li, Guangyuan Li, Feng Xiao, Fan Lu, Zhonghua Wang, and Anshi Xu »View Author Affiliations
Kun Li,1
Guangyuan Li,1,*
Feng Xiao,2
Fan Lu,1
Zhonghua Wang,1
and Anshi Xu1
1State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China 2WA Center of Excellence for MicroPhotonic System, Electron Science Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia *Corresponding author: gyli_2008@hotmail.com |
Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 17, pp. 18545-18554 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.018545
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Abstract
A grating coupling scheme from free-space light into silicon waveguide with a remarkable property of wide flat-top angular efficiency is proposed and theoretically investigated. The coupling structure is composed of two cascaded gratings with a proper distance between their peak angular efficiencies. A quantitative semi-analytical theory based on coupled-mode models is developed for performance prediction and validated with the fully vectorial aperiodic Fourier modal method (a-FMM). With the theory, wide flat-top angular response is achieved and the conditions are pointed out. Proof-of-principle demonstrations show that the −1 dB angular width, a figure of merit to evaluate the flat-top performance, is broadened to almost 3 to 4 times, and meanwhile the −3 dB angular width, i.e., angular-full-width-half-maximum (AFWHM), is widened to nearly more than twice, compared with the reference gratings composed of the same number of periodic defects. We believe this work will find applications in biological or chemical sensing and novel optical devices.
© 2012 OSA
OCIS Codes
(050.1950) Diffraction and gratings : Diffraction gratings
(130.3120) Integrated optics : Integrated optics devices
ToC Category:
Diffraction and Gratings
History
Original Manuscript: April 18, 2012
Revised Manuscript: July 20, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: July 22, 2012
Published: July 30, 2012
Citation
Kun Li, Guangyuan Li, Feng Xiao, Fan Lu, Zhonghua Wang, and Anshi Xu, "Unidirectionally optical coupling from free space into silicon waveguide with wide flat-top angular efficiency," Opt. Express 20, 18545-18554 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-20-17-18545
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References
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Alameh, K.
Ang, T. W.
Anthony, L.
Arcari, P.
Ayre, M.
Baets, R.
Balis, U. J.
Basha, M. A.
Bell, D. W.
Bienstman, P.
Bogaerts, W.
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Bouzaida, N.
Brision, S.
Cai, L.
Cassan, E.
Chaudhuri, S.
Coskun, A. F.
Daele, P. V.
Digumarthy, S.
Dillon, T.
Dong, L.
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Fédéli, J. M.
Fehrembach, A.
Friberg, A.
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Gylfason, K. B.
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Maheswaran, S.
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Moerman, I.
Moharam, M. G.
Mollard, L.
Murakowski, J.
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Nagrath, S.
Orobtchouk, R.
Ozcan, A.
Parwani, A. V.
Pascal, D.
Pei, Y.
Popov, S.
Prather, D. W.
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Reed, G. T.
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Roelkens, G.
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Routley, P. R.
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Sanchez, B.
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- L. Vivien, D. Pascal, S. Lardenois, D. Marris-Morini, E. Cassan, F. Grillot, S. Laval, J. M. Fédéli, and L. E. Melhaoui, “Light injection in SOI microwaveguides using high-efficiency grating couplers,” J. Lightwave Technol.24, 3810–3815 (2006). [CrossRef]
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- H. Liu, P. Lalanne, X. Yang, and J. P. Hugonin, “Surface plasmon generation by subwavelength isolated objects,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.14, 1522–1529 (2008). [CrossRef]
- S. Nagrath, L. V. Sequist, S. Maheswaran, D. W. Bell, D. Irimia, L. Ulkus, M. R. Smith, E. L. Kwak, S. Digumarthy, A. Muzikansky, P. Ryan, U. J. Balis, R. G. Tompkins, D. A. Haber, and M. Toner, “Isolation of rare circulating tumour cells in cancer patients by microchip technology,” Nature450, 1235–1239 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Dong, S. Iyer, S. Popov, and A. Friberg, “3D fabrication of waveguide and grating coupler in SU-8 by optimized gray scale electron beam lithography,” in Proceedings of ACP (2010).
- T. W. Ang, G. T. Reed, A. Vonsovici, A. G. R. Evans, P. R. Routley, and M. R. Josey, “Effects of grating heights on highly efficient unibond SOI waveguide grating couplers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.12, 59–61 (2000). [CrossRef]
- J. Ho, A. V. Parwani, D. M. Jukic, Y. Yagi, L. Anthony, and J. R. Gilbertson, “Use of whole slide imaging in surgical pathology quality assurance: design and pilot validation studies,” Hum. Pathol.37, 322–331 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. V. Laere, G. Roelkens, M. Ayre, J. Schrauwen, D. Taillaert, D. V. Thourhout, M. F. Krauss, and R. Baets, “Compact and highly efficient grating couplers between optical fiber and nanophotonic waveguides,” J. Light-wave Technol.25, 151–156 (2007). [CrossRef]
- D. Taillaert, W. Bogaerts, P. Bienstman, T. F. Krauss, P. V. Daele, I. Moerman, S. Verstuyft, K. D. Mesel, and R. Baets, “An out-of-plane grating coupler for efficient butt-coupling between compact planar waveguides and single-mode fibers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron.38, 949–955 (2002). [CrossRef]
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