Broadly tunable femtosecond Tm:Lu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ceramic laser operating around 2070 nm

doi:10.1364/OE.20.019349

Broadly tunable femtosecond Tm:Lu₂O₃ ceramic laser operating around 2070 nm

Alexander A. Lagatsky, Oleg L. Antipov, and Wilson Sibbett »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 17, pp. 19349-19354 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.019349

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Abstract

Femtosecond mode locking of a Tm-doped Lu₂O₃ ceramic laser is reported. Transform-limited pulses as short as 180 fs are generated at 2076 nm with an average output power of 400 mW and a pulse repetition frequency of 121.2 MHz. An output power up to 750 mW can be reached at the somewhat longer pulse duration of 382 fs. Femtosecond pulse generation is realized in the 2030-2100 nm spectral range. Passive mode locking was achieved using an ion-implanted InGaAsSb quantum-well-based SESAM.

OCIS Codes
(140.3070) Lasers and laser optics : Infrared and far-infrared lasers
(140.4050) Lasers and laser optics : Mode-locked lasers
(140.5680) Lasers and laser optics : Rare earth and transition metal solid-state lasers
(140.7090) Lasers and laser optics : Ultrafast lasers
(160.3380) Materials : Laser materials
(320.7160) Ultrafast optics : Ultrafast technology

ToC Category:
Lasers and Laser Optics

History
Original Manuscript: July 9, 2012
Revised Manuscript: August 1, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: August 1, 2012
Published: August 8, 2012

Citation
Alexander A. Lagatsky, Oleg L. Antipov, and Wilson Sibbett, "Broadly tunable femtosecond Tm:Lu₂O₃ ceramic laser operating around 2070 nm," Opt. Express 20, 19349-19354 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-20-17-19349

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References

K. Petermann, L. Fornasiero, E. Mix, and V. Peters, “High melting sesquioxides: crystal growth, spectroscopy, and laser experiments,” Opt. Mater.19(1), 67–71 (2002). [CrossRef]
P. Klopp, V. Petrov, U. Griebner, K. Petermann, V. Peters, and G. Erbert, “Highly efficient mode-locked Yb:Sc2O3 laser,” Opt. Lett.29(4), 391–393 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
U. Griebner, V. Petrov, K. Petermann, and V. Peters, “Passively mode-locked Yb:Lu2O3 laser,” Opt. Express12(14), 3125–3130 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
C. R. E. Baer, C. Kränkel, C. J. Saraceno, O. H. Heckl, M. Golling, R. Peters, K. Petermann, T. Südmeyer, G. Huber, and U. Keller, “Femtosecond thin-disk laser with 141 W of average power,” Opt. Lett.35(13), 2302–2304 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
P. Koopmann, S. Lamrini, K. Scholle, P. Fuhrberg, K. Petermann, and G. Huber, “Efficient diode-pumped laser operation of Tm:Lu2O3 around 2 μm,” Opt. Lett.36(6), 948–950 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
P. Koopmann, S. Lamrini, K. Scholle, P. Fuhrberg, K. Petermann, and G. Huber, “Long wavelength laser operation of Tm:Sc2O3 at 2116 nm and beyond,” in Advanced Solid-State Photonics, Advances in Optical Materials, Fiber Laser Applications, High-Intensity Lasers and High-Field Phenomena (ASSP/AIOM/FILAS/HILAS), (Optical Society of America, Washington, DC, 2011), ATuA5.
P. A. Budni, L. A. Pomeranz, M. L. Lemons, C. A. Miller, J. R. Mosto, and E. P. Chicklis, “Efficient mid-infrared laser using 1.9-μm-pumped Ho:YAG and ZnGeP2 optical parametric oscillators,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B17(5), 723–728 (2000). [CrossRef]
N. Leindecker, A. Marandi, R. L. Byer, K. L. Vodopyanov, J. Jiang, I. Hartl, M. Fermann, and P. G. Schunemann, “Octave-spanning ultrafast OPO with 2.6-6.1 µm instantaneous bandwidth pumped by femtosecond Tm-fiber laser,” Opt. Express20(7), 7046–7053 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
K. Scholle, E. Heumann, and G. Huber, “Single mode Tm and Tm,Ho:LuAG lasers for LIDAR applications,” Laser Phys. Lett.1(6), 285–290 (2004). [CrossRef]
R. C. Sharp, D. E. Spock, N. Pan, and J. Elliot, “190-fs passively mode-locked thulium fiber laser with a low threshold,” Opt. Lett.21(12), 881–883 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
K. Kieu and F. W. Wise, “Soliton thulium-doped fiber laser with carbon nanotube saturable absorber,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.21(3), 128–130 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
M. Engelbrecht, F. Haxsen, A. Ruehl, D. Wandt, and D. Kracht, “Ultrafast thulium-doped fiber-oscillator with pulse energy of 4.3 nJ,” Opt. Lett.33(7), 690–692 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
F. Adler, P. Masłowski, A. Foltynowicz, K. C. Cossel, T. C. Briles, I. Hartl, and J. Ye, “Mid-infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy with a broadband frequency comb,” Opt. Express18(21), 21861–21872 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
M. J. Thorpe, D. Balslev-Clausen, M. S. Kirchner, and J. Ye, “Cavity-enhanced optical frequency comb spectroscopy: application to human breath analysis,” Opt. Express16(4), 2387–2397 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
B. Shan and Z. Chang, “Dramatic extension of the high-order harmonic cutoff by using a long-wavelength driving field,” Phys. Rev. A65(1), 011804 (2001). [CrossRef]
P. B. Corkum and F. Krausz, “Attosecond science,” Nat. Phys.3(6), 381–387 (2007). [CrossRef]
A. A. Lagatsky, P. Koopmann, P. Fuhrberg, G. Huber, C. T. A. Brown, and W. Sibbett, “Passively mode locked femtosecond Tm:Sc2O3 laser at 2.1 μm,” Opt. Lett.37(3), 437–439 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
A. Schmidt, P. Koopmann, G. Huber, P. Fuhrberg, S. Y. Choi, D.-II Yeom, F. Rotermund, V. Petrov, and U. Griebner, “175 fs Tm:Lu2O3 laser at 2.07 μm mode-locked using single-walled carbon nanotubes,” Opt. Express20, 5313–5318 (2012).
J. Lu, J. F. Bisson, K. Takaichi, T. Uematsu, A. Shirakawa, M. Musha, K. Ueda, H. Yagi, T. Yanagitani, and A. A. Kaminskii, “Yb3+:Sc2O3 ceramic laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett.83(6), 1101–1103 (2003). [CrossRef]
K. Takaichi, H. Yagi, A. Shirakawa, K. Ueda, S. Hosokawa, T. Yanagitani, and A. A. Kaminskii, “Lu2O3:Yb3+ ceramics - a novel gain material for high-power solid-state lasers,” Phys. Status Solidi202(1), R1–R3 (2005). [CrossRef]
M. Tokurakawa, K. Takaichi, A. Shirakawa, K. Ueda, H. Yagi, S. Hosokawa, T. Yanagitani, and A. A. Kaminskii, “Diode-pumped mode-locked Yb3+:Lu2O3 ceramic laser,” Opt. Express14(26), 12832–12838 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
M. Tokurakawa, K. Takaichi, A. Shirakawa, K. Ueda, H. Yagi, T. Yanagitani, and A. A. Kaminskii, “Diode-pumped 188 fs mode-locked Yb3+:Y2O3 ceramic laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett.90(7), 071101 (2007). [CrossRef]
M. Tokurakawa, A. Shirakawa, K. Ueda, H. Yagi, T. Yanagitani, and A. A. Kaminskii, “Diode-pumped sub-100 fs Kerr-lens mode-locked Yb3+:Sc2O3 ceramic laser,” Opt. Lett.32(23), 3382–3384 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
G. A. Newburgh, A. Word-Daniels, A. Michael, L. D. Merkle, A. Ikesue, and M. Dubinskii, “Resonantly diode-pumped Ho3+:Y2O3 ceramic 2.1 µm laser,” Opt. Express19(4), 3604–3611 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
O. L. Antipov, S. Yu. Golovkin, O. N. Gorshkov, N. G. Zakharov, A. P. Zinov’ev, A. P. Kasatkin, M. V. Kruglova, M. O. Marychev, A. A. Novikov, N. V. Sakharov, and E. V. Chuprunov, “Structural, optical, and spectroscopic properties and efficient two-micron lasing of new Tm3+:Lu2O3 ceramics,” Quantum Electron.41(10), 863–868 (2011). [CrossRef]
O. L. Antipov, A. A. Novikov, N. G. Zakharov, and A. P. Zinoviev, “Optical properties and efficient laser oscillation at 2066 nm of novel Tm:Lu2O3 ceramics,” Opt. Mater. Express2(2), 183–189 (2012). [CrossRef]
A. A. Lagatsky, F. Fusari, S. Calvez, S. V. Kurilchik, V. E. Kisel, N. V. Kuleshov, M. D. Dawson, C. T. A. Brown, and W. Sibbett, “Femtosecond pulse operation of a Tm,Ho-codoped crystalline laser near 2 microm,” Opt. Lett.35(2), 172–174 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
A. A. Lagatsky, X. Han, M. D. Serrano, C. Cascales, C. Zaldo, S. Calvez, M. D. Dawson, J. A. Gupta, C. T. A. Brown, and W. Sibbett, “Femtosecond (191 fs) NaY(WO4)2 Tm,Ho-codoped laser at 2060 nm,” Opt. Lett.35(18), 3027–3029 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
H. A. Haus, “Mode-locking of lasers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron.6(6), 1173–1185 (2000). [CrossRef]
Y. Senatsky, A. Shirakawa, Y. Sato, J. Hagiwara, J. Lu, K. Ueda, H. Yagi, and T. Yanagitani, “Nonlinear refractive index of ceramic laser media and perspectives of their usage in a high-power laser-driver,” Laser Phys. Lett.1(10), 500–506 (2004). [CrossRef]
J. Ma, G. Q. Xie, P. Lv, W. L. Gao, P. Yuan, L. J. Qian, H. H. Yu, H. J. Zhang, J. Y. Wang, and D. Y. Tang, “Graphene mode-locked femtosecond laser at 2 μm wavelength,” Opt. Lett.37(11), 2085–2087 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

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[1] K. Petermann, L. Fornasiero, E. Mix, and V. Peters, “High melting sesquioxides: crystal growth, spectroscopy, and laser experiments,” Opt. Mater.19(1), 67–71 (2002). [CrossRef]

[2] P. Klopp, V. Petrov, U. Griebner, K. Petermann, V. Peters, and G. Erbert, “Highly efficient mode-locked Yb:Sc2O3 laser,” Opt. Lett.29(4), 391–393 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[3] U. Griebner, V. Petrov, K. Petermann, and V. Peters, “Passively mode-locked Yb:Lu2O3 laser,” Opt. Express12(14), 3125–3130 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[4] C. R. E. Baer, C. Kränkel, C. J. Saraceno, O. H. Heckl, M. Golling, R. Peters, K. Petermann, T. Südmeyer, G. Huber, and U. Keller, “Femtosecond thin-disk laser with 141 W of average power,” Opt. Lett.35(13), 2302–2304 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[5] P. Koopmann, S. Lamrini, K. Scholle, P. Fuhrberg, K. Petermann, and G. Huber, “Efficient diode-pumped laser operation of Tm:Lu2O3 around 2 μm,” Opt. Lett.36(6), 948–950 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[6] P. Koopmann, S. Lamrini, K. Scholle, P. Fuhrberg, K. Petermann, and G. Huber, “Long wavelength laser operation of Tm:Sc2O3 at 2116 nm and beyond,” in Advanced Solid-State Photonics, Advances in Optical Materials, Fiber Laser Applications, High-Intensity Lasers and High-Field Phenomena (ASSP/AIOM/FILAS/HILAS), (Optical Society of America, Washington, DC, 2011), ATuA5.

[7] P. A. Budni, L. A. Pomeranz, M. L. Lemons, C. A. Miller, J. R. Mosto, and E. P. Chicklis, “Efficient mid-infrared laser using 1.9-μm-pumped Ho:YAG and ZnGeP2 optical parametric oscillators,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B17(5), 723–728 (2000). [CrossRef]

[8] N. Leindecker, A. Marandi, R. L. Byer, K. L. Vodopyanov, J. Jiang, I. Hartl, M. Fermann, and P. G. Schunemann, “Octave-spanning ultrafast OPO with 2.6-6.1 µm instantaneous bandwidth pumped by femtosecond Tm-fiber laser,” Opt. Express20(7), 7046–7053 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[9] K. Scholle, E. Heumann, and G. Huber, “Single mode Tm and Tm,Ho:LuAG lasers for LIDAR applications,” Laser Phys. Lett.1(6), 285–290 (2004). [CrossRef]

[10] R. C. Sharp, D. E. Spock, N. Pan, and J. Elliot, “190-fs passively mode-locked thulium fiber laser with a low threshold,” Opt. Lett.21(12), 881–883 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[11] K. Kieu and F. W. Wise, “Soliton thulium-doped fiber laser with carbon nanotube saturable absorber,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.21(3), 128–130 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[12] M. Engelbrecht, F. Haxsen, A. Ruehl, D. Wandt, and D. Kracht, “Ultrafast thulium-doped fiber-oscillator with pulse energy of 4.3 nJ,” Opt. Lett.33(7), 690–692 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[13] F. Adler, P. Masłowski, A. Foltynowicz, K. C. Cossel, T. C. Briles, I. Hartl, and J. Ye, “Mid-infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy with a broadband frequency comb,” Opt. Express18(21), 21861–21872 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[14] M. J. Thorpe, D. Balslev-Clausen, M. S. Kirchner, and J. Ye, “Cavity-enhanced optical frequency comb spectroscopy: application to human breath analysis,” Opt. Express16(4), 2387–2397 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[15] B. Shan and Z. Chang, “Dramatic extension of the high-order harmonic cutoff by using a long-wavelength driving field,” Phys. Rev. A65(1), 011804 (2001). [CrossRef]

[16] P. B. Corkum and F. Krausz, “Attosecond science,” Nat. Phys.3(6), 381–387 (2007). [CrossRef]

[17] A. A. Lagatsky, P. Koopmann, P. Fuhrberg, G. Huber, C. T. A. Brown, and W. Sibbett, “Passively mode locked femtosecond Tm:Sc2O3 laser at 2.1 μm,” Opt. Lett.37(3), 437–439 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[18] A. Schmidt, P. Koopmann, G. Huber, P. Fuhrberg, S. Y. Choi, D.-II Yeom, F. Rotermund, V. Petrov, and U. Griebner, “175 fs Tm:Lu2O3 laser at 2.07 μm mode-locked using single-walled carbon nanotubes,” Opt. Express20, 5313–5318 (2012).

[19] J. Lu, J. F. Bisson, K. Takaichi, T. Uematsu, A. Shirakawa, M. Musha, K. Ueda, H. Yagi, T. Yanagitani, and A. A. Kaminskii, “Yb3+:Sc2O3 ceramic laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett.83(6), 1101–1103 (2003). [CrossRef]

[20] K. Takaichi, H. Yagi, A. Shirakawa, K. Ueda, S. Hosokawa, T. Yanagitani, and A. A. Kaminskii, “Lu2O3:Yb3+ ceramics - a novel gain material for high-power solid-state lasers,” Phys. Status Solidi202(1), R1–R3 (2005). [CrossRef]

[21] M. Tokurakawa, K. Takaichi, A. Shirakawa, K. Ueda, H. Yagi, S. Hosokawa, T. Yanagitani, and A. A. Kaminskii, “Diode-pumped mode-locked Yb3+:Lu2O3 ceramic laser,” Opt. Express14(26), 12832–12838 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[22] M. Tokurakawa, K. Takaichi, A. Shirakawa, K. Ueda, H. Yagi, T. Yanagitani, and A. A. Kaminskii, “Diode-pumped 188 fs mode-locked Yb3+:Y2O3 ceramic laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett.90(7), 071101 (2007). [CrossRef]

[23] M. Tokurakawa, A. Shirakawa, K. Ueda, H. Yagi, T. Yanagitani, and A. A. Kaminskii, “Diode-pumped sub-100 fs Kerr-lens mode-locked Yb3+:Sc2O3 ceramic laser,” Opt. Lett.32(23), 3382–3384 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[24] G. A. Newburgh, A. Word-Daniels, A. Michael, L. D. Merkle, A. Ikesue, and M. Dubinskii, “Resonantly diode-pumped Ho3+:Y2O3 ceramic 2.1 µm laser,” Opt. Express19(4), 3604–3611 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[25] O. L. Antipov, S. Yu. Golovkin, O. N. Gorshkov, N. G. Zakharov, A. P. Zinov’ev, A. P. Kasatkin, M. V. Kruglova, M. O. Marychev, A. A. Novikov, N. V. Sakharov, and E. V. Chuprunov, “Structural, optical, and spectroscopic properties and efficient two-micron lasing of new Tm3+:Lu2O3 ceramics,” Quantum Electron.41(10), 863–868 (2011). [CrossRef]

[26] O. L. Antipov, A. A. Novikov, N. G. Zakharov, and A. P. Zinoviev, “Optical properties and efficient laser oscillation at 2066 nm of novel Tm:Lu2O3 ceramics,” Opt. Mater. Express2(2), 183–189 (2012). [CrossRef]

[27] A. A. Lagatsky, F. Fusari, S. Calvez, S. V. Kurilchik, V. E. Kisel, N. V. Kuleshov, M. D. Dawson, C. T. A. Brown, and W. Sibbett, “Femtosecond pulse operation of a Tm,Ho-codoped crystalline laser near 2 microm,” Opt. Lett.35(2), 172–174 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[28] A. A. Lagatsky, X. Han, M. D. Serrano, C. Cascales, C. Zaldo, S. Calvez, M. D. Dawson, J. A. Gupta, C. T. A. Brown, and W. Sibbett, “Femtosecond (191 fs) NaY(WO4)2 Tm,Ho-codoped laser at 2060 nm,” Opt. Lett.35(18), 3027–3029 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[29] H. A. Haus, “Mode-locking of lasers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron.6(6), 1173–1185 (2000). [CrossRef]

[30] Y. Senatsky, A. Shirakawa, Y. Sato, J. Hagiwara, J. Lu, K. Ueda, H. Yagi, and T. Yanagitani, “Nonlinear refractive index of ceramic laser media and perspectives of their usage in a high-power laser-driver,” Laser Phys. Lett.1(10), 500–506 (2004). [CrossRef]

[31] J. Ma, G. Q. Xie, P. Lv, W. L. Gao, P. Yuan, L. J. Qian, H. H. Yu, H. J. Zhang, J. Y. Wang, and D. Y. Tang, “Graphene mode-locked femtosecond laser at 2 μm wavelength,” Opt. Lett.37(11), 2085–2087 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

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Broadly tunable femtosecond Tm:Lu₂O₃ ceramic laser operating around 2070 nm