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Photophysics of single silicon vacancy centers in diamond: implications for single photon emissionElke Neu, Mario Agio, and Christoph Becher »View Author Affiliations
Elke Neu,1
Mario Agio,2
and Christoph Becher1,*
1Universität des Saarlandes, Fachrichtung 7.2 (Experimentalphysik), 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany 2National Institute of Optics (INO-CNR) and European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy *Corresponding author: christoph.becher@physik.uni-saarland.de |
Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 18, pp. 19956-19971 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.019956
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Abstract
Single silicon vacancy (SiV) color centers in diamond have recently shown the ability for high brightness, narrow bandwidth, room temperature single photon emission. This work develops a model describing the three level population dynamics of single SiV centers in diamond nanocrystals on iridium surfaces including an intensity dependent de-shelving process. Furthermore, we investigate the brightness and photostability of single centers and find maximum single photon rates of 6.2 Mcps under continuous excitation. We investigate the collection efficiency of the fluorescence and estimate quantum efficiencies of the SiV centers.
© 2012 OSA
OCIS Codes
(270.0270) Quantum optics : Quantum optics
(270.5290) Quantum optics : Photon statistics
(300.6250) Spectroscopy : Spectroscopy, condensed matter
ToC Category:
Quantum Optics
History
Original Manuscript: July 2, 2012
Revised Manuscript: July 26, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: August 8, 2012
Published: August 15, 2012
Citation
Elke Neu, Mario Agio, and Christoph Becher, "Photophysics of single silicon vacancy centers in diamond: implications for single photon emission," Opt. Express 20, 19956-19971 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-20-18-19956
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References
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- T.-L. Wee, Y.-K. Tzeng, C.-C. Han, H.-C. Chang, W. Fann, J.-H. Hsu, K.-M. Chen, and Y.-C. Yull, “Two-photon excited fluorescence of nitrogen-vacancy centers in proton-irradiated type Ib diamond,” J. Phys. Chem. A111, 9379–9386 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- T.-L. Wee, Y.-K. Tzeng, C.-C. Han, H.-C. Chang, W. Fann, J.-H. Hsu, K.-M. Chen, and Y.-C. Yull, “Two-photon excited fluorescence of nitrogen-vacancy centers in proton-irradiated type Ib diamond,” J. Phys. Chem. A111, 9379–9386 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X.-W. Chen, M. Agio, and V. Sandoghdar, “Metallo-dielectric hybrid antennas for ultrastrong enhancement of spontaneous emission,” Phys. Rev. Lett.108, 233001 (2012). [CrossRef]
- J. Tisler, G. Balasubramanian, B. Naydenov, R. Kolesov, B. Grotz, R. Reuter, J. Boudou, P. Curmi, M. Sennour, A. Thorel, M. Boersch, K. Aulenbacher, R. Erdmann, P. Hemmer, F. Jelezko, and J. Wrachtrup, “Fluorescence and Spin Properties of Defects in Single Digit Nanodiamonds,” ACS Nano3, 1959–1965 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- U. F. S. D’Haenens-Johansson, A. M. Edmonds, B. L. Green, M. E. Newton, G. Davies, P. M. Martineau, R. U. A. Khan, and D. J. Twitchen, “Optical properties of the neutral silicon split-vacancy center in diamond,” Phys. Rev. B84, 245208 (2011). [CrossRef]
- D. Dexter, C. Klick, and G. Russell, “Criterion for the occurrence of luminescence,” Phys. Rev.100, 603–605 (1955). [CrossRef]
- U. F. S. D’Haenens-Johansson, A. M. Edmonds, B. L. Green, M. E. Newton, G. Davies, P. M. Martineau, R. U. A. Khan, and D. J. Twitchen, “Optical properties of the neutral silicon split-vacancy center in diamond,” Phys. Rev. B84, 245208 (2011). [CrossRef]
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- T.-L. Wee, Y.-K. Tzeng, C.-C. Han, H.-C. Chang, W. Fann, J.-H. Hsu, K.-M. Chen, and Y.-C. Yull, “Two-photon excited fluorescence of nitrogen-vacancy centers in proton-irradiated type Ib diamond,” J. Phys. Chem. A111, 9379–9386 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Grudinkin, N. Feoktistov, A. Medvedev, K. Bogdanov, A. Baranov, A. Vul, and V. Golubev, “Luminescent isolated diamond particles with controllably embedded silicon-vacancy colour centres,” J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.45, 062001 (2012). [CrossRef]
- E. Neu, R. Albrecht, M. Fischer, S. Gsell, M. Schreck, and C. Becher, “Electronic transitions of single silicon vacancy centers in the near-infrared spectral region,” Phys. Rev. B85, 245207 (2012). [CrossRef]
- E. Neu, D. Steinmetz, J. Riedrich-Möller, S. Gsell, M. Fischer, M. Schreck, and C. Becher, “Single photon emission from silicon-vacancy colour centres in chemical vapour deposition nano-diamonds on iridium,” New J. Phys.13, 025012 (2011). [CrossRef]
- E. Neu, M. Fischer, S. Gsell, M. Schreck, and C. Becher, “Fluorescence and polarization spectroscopy of single silicon vacancy centers in heteroepitaxial nanodiamonds on iridium,” Phys. Rev. B84, 205211 (2011). [CrossRef]
- L. Fleury, J. Segura, G. Zumofen, B. Hecht, and U. Wild, “Nonclassical photon statistics in single-molecule fluorescence at room temperature,” Phys. Rev. Lett.84, 1148–1151 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Bradac, T. Gaebel, N. Naidoo, M. J. Sellars, J. Twamley, L. J. Brown, A. S. Barnard, T. Plakhotnik, A. V. Zvyagin, and J. R. Rabeau, “Observation and control of blinking nitrogen-vacancy centres in discrete nanodiamonds,” Nature Nanotech.5, 345–349 (2010). [CrossRef]
- E. Neu, C. Arend, E. Gross, F. Guldner, C. Hepp, D. Steinmetz, E. Zscherpel, S. Ghodbane, H. Sternschulte, D. Steinmüller-Nethl, Y. Liang, A. Krueger, and C. Becher, “Narrowband fluorescent nanodiamonds produced from chemical vapor deposition films,” Appl. Phys. Lett.98, 243107 (2011). [CrossRef]
- L. Bergman, M. McClure, J. Glass, and R. Nemanich, “The origin of the broadband luminescence and the effect of nitrogen doping on the optical properties of diamond films,” J. Appl. Phys.76, 3020–3027 (1994). [CrossRef]
- S. Grudinkin, N. Feoktistov, A. Medvedev, K. Bogdanov, A. Baranov, A. Vul, and V. Golubev, “Luminescent isolated diamond particles with controllably embedded silicon-vacancy colour centres,” J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.45, 062001 (2012). [CrossRef]
- A. V. Turukhin, C.-H. Liu, A. A. Gorokhovsky, R. R. Alfano, and W. Phillips, “Picosecond photoluminescence decay of Si-doped chemical-vapor-deposited diamond films,” Phys. Rev. B54, 16448–16451 (1996). [CrossRef]
- R. Ulbricht, S. T. van der Post, J. P. Goss, P. R. Briddon, R. Jones, R. U. A. Khan, and M. Bonn, “Single substitutional nitrogen defects revealed as electron acceptor states in diamond using ultrafast spectroscopy,” Phys. Rev. B84, 165202 (2011). [CrossRef]
- E. Wu, V. Jacques, H. Zeng, P. Grangier, F. Treussart, and J.-F. Roch, “Narrow-band single-photon emission in the near infrared for quantum key distribution,” Opt. Express14, 1296–1303 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- L. Fleury, J. Segura, G. Zumofen, B. Hecht, and U. Wild, “Nonclassical photon statistics in single-molecule fluorescence at room temperature,” Phys. Rev. Lett.84, 1148–1151 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Bradac, T. Gaebel, N. Naidoo, M. J. Sellars, J. Twamley, L. J. Brown, A. S. Barnard, T. Plakhotnik, A. V. Zvyagin, and J. R. Rabeau, “Observation and control of blinking nitrogen-vacancy centres in discrete nanodiamonds,” Nature Nanotech.5, 345–349 (2010). [CrossRef]
ACS Nano
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Adv. Chem. Phys.
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Appl. Phys. Lett.
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Chem. Phys. Lett.
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Diam. Relat. Mater.
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J. Appl. Phys.
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J. Phys. Chem. A
- T.-L. Wee, Y.-K. Tzeng, C.-C. Han, H.-C. Chang, W. Fann, J.-H. Hsu, K.-M. Chen, and Y.-C. Yull, “Two-photon excited fluorescence of nitrogen-vacancy centers in proton-irradiated type Ib diamond,” J. Phys. Chem. A111, 9379–9386 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.
- S. Grudinkin, N. Feoktistov, A. Medvedev, K. Bogdanov, A. Baranov, A. Vul, and V. Golubev, “Luminescent isolated diamond particles with controllably embedded silicon-vacancy colour centres,” J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.45, 062001 (2012). [CrossRef]
Nature Nanotech.
- C. Bradac, T. Gaebel, N. Naidoo, M. J. Sellars, J. Twamley, L. J. Brown, A. S. Barnard, T. Plakhotnik, A. V. Zvyagin, and J. R. Rabeau, “Observation and control of blinking nitrogen-vacancy centres in discrete nanodiamonds,” Nature Nanotech.5, 345–349 (2010). [CrossRef]
New J. Phys.
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- E. Neu, D. Steinmetz, J. Riedrich-Möller, S. Gsell, M. Fischer, M. Schreck, and C. Becher, “Single photon emission from silicon-vacancy colour centres in chemical vapour deposition nano-diamonds on iridium,” New J. Phys.13, 025012 (2011). [CrossRef]
Opt. Express
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Phys. Rev.
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Phys. Rev. A
- S. Kitson, P. Jonsson, J. Rarity, and P. Tapster, “Intensity fluctuation spectroscopy of small numbers of dye molecules in a microcavity,” Phys. Rev. A58, 620–627 (1998). [CrossRef]
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Phys. Rev. B
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- K. Iakoubovskii and G. J. Adriaenssens, “Luminescence excitation spectra in diamond,” Phys. Rev. B61, 10174– 10182 (2000). [CrossRef]
- U. F. S. D’Haenens-Johansson, A. M. Edmonds, B. L. Green, M. E. Newton, G. Davies, P. M. Martineau, R. U. A. Khan, and D. J. Twitchen, “Optical properties of the neutral silicon split-vacancy center in diamond,” Phys. Rev. B84, 245208 (2011). [CrossRef]
- R. Ulbricht, S. T. van der Post, J. P. Goss, P. R. Briddon, R. Jones, R. U. A. Khan, and M. Bonn, “Single substitutional nitrogen defects revealed as electron acceptor states in diamond using ultrafast spectroscopy,” Phys. Rev. B84, 165202 (2011). [CrossRef]
- E. Neu, R. Albrecht, M. Fischer, S. Gsell, M. Schreck, and C. Becher, “Electronic transitions of single silicon vacancy centers in the near-infrared spectral region,” Phys. Rev. B85, 245207 (2012). [CrossRef]
- A. V. Turukhin, C.-H. Liu, A. A. Gorokhovsky, R. R. Alfano, and W. Phillips, “Picosecond photoluminescence decay of Si-doped chemical-vapor-deposited diamond films,” Phys. Rev. B54, 16448–16451 (1996). [CrossRef]
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Physics Procedia
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Rep. Prog. Phys.
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Sov. Phys. Usp.
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Other
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2012, Chen, Phys. Rev. Lett.
- X.-W. Chen, M. Agio, and V. Sandoghdar, “Metallo-dielectric hybrid antennas for ultrastrong enhancement of spontaneous emission,” Phys. Rev. Lett.108, 233001 (2012). [CrossRef]
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- S. Grudinkin, N. Feoktistov, A. Medvedev, K. Bogdanov, A. Baranov, A. Vul, and V. Golubev, “Luminescent isolated diamond particles with controllably embedded silicon-vacancy colour centres,” J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.45, 062001 (2012). [CrossRef]
- U. F. S. D’Haenens-Johansson, A. M. Edmonds, B. L. Green, M. E. Newton, G. Davies, P. M. Martineau, R. U. A. Khan, and D. J. Twitchen, “Optical properties of the neutral silicon split-vacancy center in diamond,” Phys. Rev. B84, 245208 (2011). [CrossRef]
- R. Ulbricht, S. T. van der Post, J. P. Goss, P. R. Briddon, R. Jones, R. U. A. Khan, and M. Bonn, “Single substitutional nitrogen defects revealed as electron acceptor states in diamond using ultrafast spectroscopy,” Phys. Rev. B84, 165202 (2011). [CrossRef]
- I. Aharonovich, S. Castelletto, D. Simpson, C. Su, A. Greentree, and S. Prawer, “Diamond-based single-photon emitters,” Rep. Prog. Phys.74, 076501 (2011). [CrossRef]
- E. Neu, D. Steinmetz, J. Riedrich-Möller, S. Gsell, M. Fischer, M. Schreck, and C. Becher, “Single photon emission from silicon-vacancy colour centres in chemical vapour deposition nano-diamonds on iridium,” New J. Phys.13, 025012 (2011). [CrossRef]
- E. Neu, C. Arend, E. Gross, F. Guldner, C. Hepp, D. Steinmetz, E. Zscherpel, S. Ghodbane, H. Sternschulte, D. Steinmüller-Nethl, Y. Liang, A. Krueger, and C. Becher, “Narrowband fluorescent nanodiamonds produced from chemical vapor deposition films,” Appl. Phys. Lett.98, 243107 (2011). [CrossRef]
- E. Neu, M. Fischer, S. Gsell, M. Schreck, and C. Becher, “Fluorescence and polarization spectroscopy of single silicon vacancy centers in heteroepitaxial nanodiamonds on iridium,” Phys. Rev. B84, 205211 (2011). [CrossRef]
- J. Greffet, J. Hugonin, M. Besbes, N. Lai, F. Treussart, and J. Roch, “Diamond particles as nanoantennas for nitrogen-vacancy color centers,” Arxiv preprint arXiv:1107.0502 (2011).
- R. Chapman and T. Plakhotnik, “Quantitative luminescence microscopy on nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond: Saturation effects under pulsed excitation,” Chem. Phys. Lett.507, 190–194 (2011). [CrossRef]
- I. Aharonovich, S. Castelletto, D. A. Simpson, A. D. Greentree, and S. Prawer, “Photophysics of chromium-related diamond single-photon emitters,” Phys. Rev. A81, 043813 (2010). [CrossRef]
- C. Bradac, T. Gaebel, N. Naidoo, M. J. Sellars, J. Twamley, L. J. Brown, A. S. Barnard, T. Plakhotnik, A. V. Zvyagin, and J. R. Rabeau, “Observation and control of blinking nitrogen-vacancy centres in discrete nanodiamonds,” Nature Nanotech.5, 345–349 (2010). [CrossRef]
- B. Smith, D. Gruber, and T. Plakhotnik, “The effects of surface oxidation on luminescence of nano diamonds,” Diam. Relat. Mater.19, 314–318 (2010). [CrossRef]
- L. Rogers, “How far into the infrared can a colour centre in diamond emit?” Physics Procedia3, 1557–1561 (2010). 10th International Meeting On Hole Burning, Single Molecule, And Related Spectroscopies, 2009, Palm Cove, Australia. [CrossRef]
- J. Tisler, G. Balasubramanian, B. Naydenov, R. Kolesov, B. Grotz, R. Reuter, J. Boudou, P. Curmi, M. Sennour, A. Thorel, M. Boersch, K. Aulenbacher, R. Erdmann, P. Hemmer, F. Jelezko, and J. Wrachtrup, “Fluorescence and Spin Properties of Defects in Single Digit Nanodiamonds,” ACS Nano3, 1959–1965 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Siyushev, V. Jacques, I. Aharonovich, F. Kaiser, T. Müller, L. Lombez, M. Atatüre, S. Castelletto, S. Prawer, F. Jelezko, and J. Wrachtrup, “Low-temperature optical characterization of a near-infrared single-photon emitter in nanodiamonds,” New J. Phys.11, 113029 (2009). [CrossRef]
- T.-L. Wee, Y.-K. Tzeng, C.-C. Han, H.-C. Chang, W. Fann, J.-H. Hsu, K.-M. Chen, and Y.-C. Yull, “Two-photon excited fluorescence of nitrogen-vacancy centers in proton-irradiated type Ib diamond,” J. Phys. Chem. A111, 9379–9386 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Wang, C. Kurtsiefer, H. Weinfurter, and B. Burchard, “Single photon emission from SiV centres in diamond produced by ion implantation.” J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.39, 37–41 (2006). [CrossRef]
- B. Lounis and M. Orrit, “Single photon sources,” Rep. Prog. Phys.68, 1129–1179 (2005). [CrossRef]
- A. Mora, J. Steeds, and J. Butler, “Relationship between grain boundaries and broad luminescence peaks in CVD diamond films,” Diam. Relat. Mater.12, 310–317 (2003). [CrossRef]
- L. Fleury, J. Segura, G. Zumofen, B. Hecht, and U. Wild, “Nonclassical photon statistics in single-molecule fluorescence at room temperature,” Phys. Rev. Lett.84, 1148–1151 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Iakoubovskii and G. J. Adriaenssens, “Luminescence excitation spectra in diamond,” Phys. Rev. B61, 10174– 10182 (2000). [CrossRef]
- S. Kitson, P. Jonsson, J. Rarity, and P. Tapster, “Intensity fluctuation spectroscopy of small numbers of dye molecules in a microcavity,” Phys. Rev. A58, 620–627 (1998). [CrossRef]
- A. V. Turukhin, C.-H. Liu, A. A. Gorokhovsky, R. R. Alfano, and W. Phillips, “Picosecond photoluminescence decay of Si-doped chemical-vapor-deposited diamond films,” Phys. Rev. B54, 16448–16451 (1996). [CrossRef]
- L. Bergman, M. McClure, J. Glass, and R. Nemanich, “The origin of the broadband luminescence and the effect of nitrogen doping on the optical properties of diamond films,” J. Appl. Phys.76, 3020–3027 (1994). [CrossRef]
- I. Osad’ko, “Determination of electron-phonon coupling from structured optical spectra of impurity centers,” Sov. Phys. Usp.22, 311–329 (1979). [CrossRef]
- R. R. Chance, A. Prock, and R. Silbey, “Molecular fluorescence and energy transfer near interfaces,” Adv. Chem. Phys.37, 1–65 (1978). [CrossRef]
- D. Dexter, C. Klick, and G. Russell, “Criterion for the occurrence of luminescence,” Phys. Rev.100, 603–605 (1955). [CrossRef]
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