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Significant infrared lateral photovoltaic effect in Mn-doped ZnO diluted magnetic semiconducting filmJing Lu and Hui Wang »View Author Affiliations
Jing Lu
and Hui Wang*
The State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Physics, and the Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Nano-microfabrication Technology of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China *Corresponding author: huiwang@sjtu.edu.cn |
Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 19, pp. 21552-21557 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.021552
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Abstract
Mn-doped ZnO has attracted considerable attention as an important kind of diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMSs). Here we report a new finding of lateral photovoltaic effect (LPE) in Mn-doped ZnO thin film based on DMS/SiO2/Si structure. Remarkably the induced LPE laser can be extended to infrared region in Mn-doped ZnO film. Besides we studied the dependence of the lateral photovoltage (LPV) position sensitivity on the laser wavelength and optical power by modulating the two factors and give a complete theoretical analysis. The LPE observation adds a significant new functionality to this DMS material and suggests Mn-doped ZnO a potential candidate for versatile devices.
© 2012 OSA
OCIS Codes
(040.5160) Detectors : Photodetectors
(040.5350) Detectors : Photovoltaic
(310.6845) Thin films : Thin film devices and applications
ToC Category:
Solar Energy
History
Original Manuscript: June 21, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: July 10, 2012
Published: September 5, 2012
Citation
Jing Lu and Hui Wang, "Significant infrared lateral photovoltaic effect in Mn-doped ZnO diluted magnetic semiconducting film," Opt. Express 20, 21552-21557 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-20-19-21552
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References
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- Y. M. Hu, C. Y. Wang, S. S. Lee, T. C. Han, W. Y. Chou, and G. J. Chen, “Identification of Mn-related Raman modes in Mn-doped ZnO thin films,” J. Raman Spectrosc.42(3), 434–437 (2011). [CrossRef]
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- T. Dietl, H. Ohno, F. Matsukura, J. Cibert, and D. Ferrand, “Zener Model Description of Ferromagnetism in Zinc-Blende Magnetic Semiconductors,” Science287(5455), 1019–1022 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- J. R. Neal, A. J. Behan, R. M. Ibrahim, H. J. Blythe, M. Ziese, A. M. Fox, and G. A. Gehring, “Room-Temperature Magneto-Optics of Ferromagnetic Transition-Metal-Doped ZnO Thin Films,” Phys. Rev. Lett.96(19), 197208 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Sharma, A. Gupta, K. V. Rao, F. J. Owens, R. Sharma, R. Ahuja, J. M. Guillen, B. Johansson, and G. A. Gehring, “Ferromagnetism above room temperature in bulk and transparent thin films of Mn-doped ZnO,” Nat. Mater.2(10), 673–677 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- P. Sharma, A. Gupta, K. V. Rao, F. J. Owens, R. Sharma, R. Ahuja, J. M. Guillen, B. Johansson, and G. A. Gehring, “Ferromagnetism above room temperature in bulk and transparent thin films of Mn-doped ZnO,” Nat. Mater.2(10), 673–677 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. A. Anna Selvana, A. E. Delahoya, S. Guo, and Y. M. Li, “A new light trapping TCO for nc-Si:H solar cells,” Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells90, 3371–3376 (2006).
- P. Sharma, A. Gupta, K. V. Rao, F. J. Owens, R. Sharma, R. Ahuja, J. M. Guillen, B. Johansson, and G. A. Gehring, “Ferromagnetism above room temperature in bulk and transparent thin films of Mn-doped ZnO,” Nat. Mater.2(10), 673–677 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Tawada, K. Tsuge, M. Kondo, H. Okamoto, and Y. Hamakawa, “Properties and structure of aSiC:H for highefficiency aSi solar cell,” J. Appl. Phys.53(7), 5273–5281 (1982). [CrossRef]
- Y. M. Hu, C. Y. Wang, S. S. Lee, T. C. Han, W. Y. Chou, and G. J. Chen, “Identification of Mn-related Raman modes in Mn-doped ZnO thin films,” J. Raman Spectrosc.42(3), 434–437 (2011). [CrossRef]
- Y. M. Hu, C. Y. Wang, S. S. Lee, T. C. Han, W. Y. Chou, and G. J. Chen, “Identification of Mn-related Raman modes in Mn-doped ZnO thin films,” J. Raman Spectrosc.42(3), 434–437 (2011). [CrossRef]
- J. R. Neal, A. J. Behan, R. M. Ibrahim, H. J. Blythe, M. Ziese, A. M. Fox, and G. A. Gehring, “Room-Temperature Magneto-Optics of Ferromagnetic Transition-Metal-Doped ZnO Thin Films,” Phys. Rev. Lett.96(19), 197208 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. C. Mofor, A. El-Shaer, A. Bakin, A. Waag, H. Ahlers, U. Siegner, S. Sievers, M. Albrecht, W. Schoch, N. Izyumskaya, V. Avrutin, S. Sorokin, S. Ivanov, and J. Stoimenos, “Magnetic property investigations on Mn-doped ZnO Layers on sapphire,” Appl. Phys. Lett.87(6), 062501 (2005). [CrossRef]
- A. C. Mofor, A. El-Shaer, A. Bakin, A. Waag, H. Ahlers, U. Siegner, S. Sievers, M. Albrecht, W. Schoch, N. Izyumskaya, V. Avrutin, S. Sorokin, S. Ivanov, and J. Stoimenos, “Magnetic property investigations on Mn-doped ZnO Layers on sapphire,” Appl. Phys. Lett.87(6), 062501 (2005). [CrossRef]
- T. Fukumura, Z. Jin, A. Ohtomo, H. Koinuma, and M. Kawasaki, “An oxide-diluted magnetic semiconductor: Mn-doped ZnO,” Appl. Phys. Lett.75(21), 3366–3368 (1999).
- P. Sharma, A. Gupta, K. V. Rao, F. J. Owens, R. Sharma, R. Ahuja, J. M. Guillen, B. Johansson, and G. A. Gehring, “Ferromagnetism above room temperature in bulk and transparent thin films of Mn-doped ZnO,” Nat. Mater.2(10), 673–677 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. W. Jung, S. J. An, G. C. Yi, C. U. Jung, S. Lee, and S. Cho, “Ferromagnetic properties of Zn1-xMnxO epitaxial thin films,” Appl. Phys. Lett.80, 4561–4563 (2002).
- S. W. Jung, S. J. An, G. C. Yi, C. U. Jung, S. Lee, and S. Cho, “Ferromagnetic properties of Zn1-xMnxO epitaxial thin films,” Appl. Phys. Lett.80, 4561–4563 (2002).
- T. Fukumura, Z. Jin, A. Ohtomo, H. Koinuma, and M. Kawasaki, “An oxide-diluted magnetic semiconductor: Mn-doped ZnO,” Appl. Phys. Lett.75(21), 3366–3368 (1999).
- T. Fukumura, Z. Jin, A. Ohtomo, H. Koinuma, and M. Kawasaki, “An oxide-diluted magnetic semiconductor: Mn-doped ZnO,” Appl. Phys. Lett.75(21), 3366–3368 (1999).
- Y. Tawada, K. Tsuge, M. Kondo, H. Okamoto, and Y. Hamakawa, “Properties and structure of aSiC:H for highefficiency aSi solar cell,” J. Appl. Phys.53(7), 5273–5281 (1982). [CrossRef]
- S. W. Jung, S. J. An, G. C. Yi, C. U. Jung, S. Lee, and S. Cho, “Ferromagnetic properties of Zn1-xMnxO epitaxial thin films,” Appl. Phys. Lett.80, 4561–4563 (2002).
- Y. M. Hu, C. Y. Wang, S. S. Lee, T. C. Han, W. Y. Chou, and G. J. Chen, “Identification of Mn-related Raman modes in Mn-doped ZnO thin films,” J. Raman Spectrosc.42(3), 434–437 (2011). [CrossRef]
- H. Y. Peng, G. P. Li, J. Y. Ye, Z. P. Wei, Z. Zhang, D. D. Wang, G. Z. Xing, and T. Wu, “Electrode dependence of resistive switching in Mn-doped ZnO: Filamentary versus interfacial mechanisms,” Appl. Phys. Lett.96(19), 192113 (2010). [CrossRef]
- Z. H. Zhang, X. F. Wang, J. B. Xu, S. Muller, C. Ronning, and Q. Li, “Evidence of intrinsic ferromagnetism in individual dilute magnetic semiconducting nanostructures,” Nat. Nanotechnol.4(8), 523–527 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. A. Anna Selvana, A. E. Delahoya, S. Guo, and Y. M. Li, “A new light trapping TCO for nc-Si:H solar cells,” Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells90, 3371–3376 (2006).
- W. Yan, Z. Sun, Q. Liu, Z. Li, Z. Pan, J. Wang, S. Wei, D. Wang, Y. Zhou, and X. Zhang, “Zn vacancy induced room-temperature ferromagnetism in Mn-doped ZnO,” Appl. Phys. Lett.91(6), 062113 (2007). [CrossRef]
- Z. Yang, Z. Zuo, H. M. Zhou, W. P. Beyermann, and J. L. Liu, “Epitaxial Mn-doped ZnO diluted magnetic semiconductor thin films grown by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy,” J. Cryst. Growth314(1), 97–103 (2011). [CrossRef]
- W. Yan, Z. Sun, Q. Liu, Z. Li, Z. Pan, J. Wang, S. Wei, D. Wang, Y. Zhou, and X. Zhang, “Zn vacancy induced room-temperature ferromagnetism in Mn-doped ZnO,” Appl. Phys. Lett.91(6), 062113 (2007). [CrossRef]
- G. Lucovsky, “Photoeffects in nonuniformly irradiated p-n junctions,” J. Appl. Phys.31(6), 1088–1095 (1960). [CrossRef]
- T. Dietl, H. Ohno, F. Matsukura, J. Cibert, and D. Ferrand, “Zener Model Description of Ferromagnetism in Zinc-Blende Magnetic Semiconductors,” Science287(5455), 1019–1022 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. B. Straumal, S. G. Protasova, A. A. Mazilkin, A. A. Myatiev, P. B. Straumal, G. Schütz, E. Goering, and B. Baretzky, “Ferromagnetic properties of the Mn-doped nanograined ZnO films,” J. Appl. Phys.108(7), 073923 (2010). [CrossRef]
- A. C. Mofor, A. El-Shaer, A. Bakin, A. Waag, H. Ahlers, U. Siegner, S. Sievers, M. Albrecht, W. Schoch, N. Izyumskaya, V. Avrutin, S. Sorokin, S. Ivanov, and J. Stoimenos, “Magnetic property investigations on Mn-doped ZnO Layers on sapphire,” Appl. Phys. Lett.87(6), 062501 (2005). [CrossRef]
- Z. H. Zhang, X. F. Wang, J. B. Xu, S. Muller, C. Ronning, and Q. Li, “Evidence of intrinsic ferromagnetism in individual dilute magnetic semiconducting nanostructures,” Nat. Nanotechnol.4(8), 523–527 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. B. Straumal, S. G. Protasova, A. A. Mazilkin, A. A. Myatiev, P. B. Straumal, G. Schütz, E. Goering, and B. Baretzky, “Ferromagnetic properties of the Mn-doped nanograined ZnO films,” J. Appl. Phys.108(7), 073923 (2010). [CrossRef]
- J. R. Neal, A. J. Behan, R. M. Ibrahim, H. J. Blythe, M. Ziese, A. M. Fox, and G. A. Gehring, “Room-Temperature Magneto-Optics of Ferromagnetic Transition-Metal-Doped ZnO Thin Films,” Phys. Rev. Lett.96(19), 197208 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Dietl, H. Ohno, F. Matsukura, J. Cibert, and D. Ferrand, “Zener Model Description of Ferromagnetism in Zinc-Blende Magnetic Semiconductors,” Science287(5455), 1019–1022 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Fukumura, Z. Jin, A. Ohtomo, H. Koinuma, and M. Kawasaki, “An oxide-diluted magnetic semiconductor: Mn-doped ZnO,” Appl. Phys. Lett.75(21), 3366–3368 (1999).
- Y. Tawada, K. Tsuge, M. Kondo, H. Okamoto, and Y. Hamakawa, “Properties and structure of aSiC:H for highefficiency aSi solar cell,” J. Appl. Phys.53(7), 5273–5281 (1982). [CrossRef]
- P. Sharma, A. Gupta, K. V. Rao, F. J. Owens, R. Sharma, R. Ahuja, J. M. Guillen, B. Johansson, and G. A. Gehring, “Ferromagnetism above room temperature in bulk and transparent thin films of Mn-doped ZnO,” Nat. Mater.2(10), 673–677 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Yan, Z. Sun, Q. Liu, Z. Li, Z. Pan, J. Wang, S. Wei, D. Wang, Y. Zhou, and X. Zhang, “Zn vacancy induced room-temperature ferromagnetism in Mn-doped ZnO,” Appl. Phys. Lett.91(6), 062113 (2007). [CrossRef]
- H. Y. Peng, G. P. Li, J. Y. Ye, Z. P. Wei, Z. Zhang, D. D. Wang, G. Z. Xing, and T. Wu, “Electrode dependence of resistive switching in Mn-doped ZnO: Filamentary versus interfacial mechanisms,” Appl. Phys. Lett.96(19), 192113 (2010). [CrossRef]
- T.-L. Phan, “Structural, optical and magnetic properties of polycrystalline Zn1−xMnxO ceramics,” Solid State Commun.151(1), 24–28 (2011). [CrossRef]
- B. B. Straumal, S. G. Protasova, A. A. Mazilkin, A. A. Myatiev, P. B. Straumal, G. Schütz, E. Goering, and B. Baretzky, “Ferromagnetic properties of the Mn-doped nanograined ZnO films,” J. Appl. Phys.108(7), 073923 (2010). [CrossRef]
- P. Sharma, A. Gupta, K. V. Rao, F. J. Owens, R. Sharma, R. Ahuja, J. M. Guillen, B. Johansson, and G. A. Gehring, “Ferromagnetism above room temperature in bulk and transparent thin films of Mn-doped ZnO,” Nat. Mater.2(10), 673–677 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Z. H. Zhang, X. F. Wang, J. B. Xu, S. Muller, C. Ronning, and Q. Li, “Evidence of intrinsic ferromagnetism in individual dilute magnetic semiconducting nanostructures,” Nat. Nanotechnol.4(8), 523–527 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. A. Wolf, D. D. Awschalom, R. A. Buhrman, J. M. Daughton, S. von Molnár, M. L. Roukes, A. Y. Chtchelkanova, and D. M. Treger, “Spintronics: A Spin-Based Electronics Vision for the Future,” Science294(5546), 1488–1495 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. C. Mofor, A. El-Shaer, A. Bakin, A. Waag, H. Ahlers, U. Siegner, S. Sievers, M. Albrecht, W. Schoch, N. Izyumskaya, V. Avrutin, S. Sorokin, S. Ivanov, and J. Stoimenos, “Magnetic property investigations on Mn-doped ZnO Layers on sapphire,” Appl. Phys. Lett.87(6), 062501 (2005). [CrossRef]
- B. B. Straumal, S. G. Protasova, A. A. Mazilkin, A. A. Myatiev, P. B. Straumal, G. Schütz, E. Goering, and B. Baretzky, “Ferromagnetic properties of the Mn-doped nanograined ZnO films,” J. Appl. Phys.108(7), 073923 (2010). [CrossRef]
- P. Sharma, A. Gupta, K. V. Rao, F. J. Owens, R. Sharma, R. Ahuja, J. M. Guillen, B. Johansson, and G. A. Gehring, “Ferromagnetism above room temperature in bulk and transparent thin films of Mn-doped ZnO,” Nat. Mater.2(10), 673–677 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Sharma, A. Gupta, K. V. Rao, F. J. Owens, R. Sharma, R. Ahuja, J. M. Guillen, B. Johansson, and G. A. Gehring, “Ferromagnetism above room temperature in bulk and transparent thin films of Mn-doped ZnO,” Nat. Mater.2(10), 673–677 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. C. Mofor, A. El-Shaer, A. Bakin, A. Waag, H. Ahlers, U. Siegner, S. Sievers, M. Albrecht, W. Schoch, N. Izyumskaya, V. Avrutin, S. Sorokin, S. Ivanov, and J. Stoimenos, “Magnetic property investigations on Mn-doped ZnO Layers on sapphire,” Appl. Phys. Lett.87(6), 062501 (2005). [CrossRef]
- A. C. Mofor, A. El-Shaer, A. Bakin, A. Waag, H. Ahlers, U. Siegner, S. Sievers, M. Albrecht, W. Schoch, N. Izyumskaya, V. Avrutin, S. Sorokin, S. Ivanov, and J. Stoimenos, “Magnetic property investigations on Mn-doped ZnO Layers on sapphire,” Appl. Phys. Lett.87(6), 062501 (2005). [CrossRef]
- A. C. Mofor, A. El-Shaer, A. Bakin, A. Waag, H. Ahlers, U. Siegner, S. Sievers, M. Albrecht, W. Schoch, N. Izyumskaya, V. Avrutin, S. Sorokin, S. Ivanov, and J. Stoimenos, “Magnetic property investigations on Mn-doped ZnO Layers on sapphire,” Appl. Phys. Lett.87(6), 062501 (2005). [CrossRef]
- A. C. Mofor, A. El-Shaer, A. Bakin, A. Waag, H. Ahlers, U. Siegner, S. Sievers, M. Albrecht, W. Schoch, N. Izyumskaya, V. Avrutin, S. Sorokin, S. Ivanov, and J. Stoimenos, “Magnetic property investigations on Mn-doped ZnO Layers on sapphire,” Appl. Phys. Lett.87(6), 062501 (2005). [CrossRef]
- B. B. Straumal, S. G. Protasova, A. A. Mazilkin, A. A. Myatiev, P. B. Straumal, G. Schütz, E. Goering, and B. Baretzky, “Ferromagnetic properties of the Mn-doped nanograined ZnO films,” J. Appl. Phys.108(7), 073923 (2010). [CrossRef]
- B. B. Straumal, S. G. Protasova, A. A. Mazilkin, A. A. Myatiev, P. B. Straumal, G. Schütz, E. Goering, and B. Baretzky, “Ferromagnetic properties of the Mn-doped nanograined ZnO films,” J. Appl. Phys.108(7), 073923 (2010). [CrossRef]
- W. Yan, Z. Sun, Q. Liu, Z. Li, Z. Pan, J. Wang, S. Wei, D. Wang, Y. Zhou, and X. Zhang, “Zn vacancy induced room-temperature ferromagnetism in Mn-doped ZnO,” Appl. Phys. Lett.91(6), 062113 (2007). [CrossRef]
- Y. Tawada, K. Tsuge, M. Kondo, H. Okamoto, and Y. Hamakawa, “Properties and structure of aSiC:H for highefficiency aSi solar cell,” J. Appl. Phys.53(7), 5273–5281 (1982). [CrossRef]
- S. A. Wolf, D. D. Awschalom, R. A. Buhrman, J. M. Daughton, S. von Molnár, M. L. Roukes, A. Y. Chtchelkanova, and D. M. Treger, “Spintronics: A Spin-Based Electronics Vision for the Future,” Science294(5546), 1488–1495 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Tawada, K. Tsuge, M. Kondo, H. Okamoto, and Y. Hamakawa, “Properties and structure of aSiC:H for highefficiency aSi solar cell,” J. Appl. Phys.53(7), 5273–5281 (1982). [CrossRef]
- S. A. Wolf, D. D. Awschalom, R. A. Buhrman, J. M. Daughton, S. von Molnár, M. L. Roukes, A. Y. Chtchelkanova, and D. M. Treger, “Spintronics: A Spin-Based Electronics Vision for the Future,” Science294(5546), 1488–1495 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. C. Mofor, A. El-Shaer, A. Bakin, A. Waag, H. Ahlers, U. Siegner, S. Sievers, M. Albrecht, W. Schoch, N. Izyumskaya, V. Avrutin, S. Sorokin, S. Ivanov, and J. Stoimenos, “Magnetic property investigations on Mn-doped ZnO Layers on sapphire,” Appl. Phys. Lett.87(6), 062501 (2005). [CrossRef]
- Y. M. Hu, C. Y. Wang, S. S. Lee, T. C. Han, W. Y. Chou, and G. J. Chen, “Identification of Mn-related Raman modes in Mn-doped ZnO thin films,” J. Raman Spectrosc.42(3), 434–437 (2011). [CrossRef]
- W. Yan, Z. Sun, Q. Liu, Z. Li, Z. Pan, J. Wang, S. Wei, D. Wang, Y. Zhou, and X. Zhang, “Zn vacancy induced room-temperature ferromagnetism in Mn-doped ZnO,” Appl. Phys. Lett.91(6), 062113 (2007). [CrossRef]
- H. Y. Peng, G. P. Li, J. Y. Ye, Z. P. Wei, Z. Zhang, D. D. Wang, G. Z. Xing, and T. Wu, “Electrode dependence of resistive switching in Mn-doped ZnO: Filamentary versus interfacial mechanisms,” Appl. Phys. Lett.96(19), 192113 (2010). [CrossRef]
- J. Lu and H. Wang, “Large lateral photovoltaic effect observed in nano Al-doped ZnO films,” Opt. Express19(15), 13806–13811 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Du and H. Wang, “Infrared laser induced lateral photovoltaic effect observed in Cu2O nanoscale film,” Opt. Express18(9), 9113–9118 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Q. Yu, H. Wang, S. Q. Xiao, and Y. X. Xia, “Direct observation of lateral photovoltaic effect in nano-metal-films,” Opt. Express17(24), 21712–21722 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Yan, Z. Sun, Q. Liu, Z. Li, Z. Pan, J. Wang, S. Wei, D. Wang, Y. Zhou, and X. Zhang, “Zn vacancy induced room-temperature ferromagnetism in Mn-doped ZnO,” Appl. Phys. Lett.91(6), 062113 (2007). [CrossRef]
- Z. H. Zhang, X. F. Wang, J. B. Xu, S. Muller, C. Ronning, and Q. Li, “Evidence of intrinsic ferromagnetism in individual dilute magnetic semiconducting nanostructures,” Nat. Nanotechnol.4(8), 523–527 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Yan, Z. Sun, Q. Liu, Z. Li, Z. Pan, J. Wang, S. Wei, D. Wang, Y. Zhou, and X. Zhang, “Zn vacancy induced room-temperature ferromagnetism in Mn-doped ZnO,” Appl. Phys. Lett.91(6), 062113 (2007). [CrossRef]
- H. Y. Peng, G. P. Li, J. Y. Ye, Z. P. Wei, Z. Zhang, D. D. Wang, G. Z. Xing, and T. Wu, “Electrode dependence of resistive switching in Mn-doped ZnO: Filamentary versus interfacial mechanisms,” Appl. Phys. Lett.96(19), 192113 (2010). [CrossRef]
- S. A. Wolf, D. D. Awschalom, R. A. Buhrman, J. M. Daughton, S. von Molnár, M. L. Roukes, A. Y. Chtchelkanova, and D. M. Treger, “Spintronics: A Spin-Based Electronics Vision for the Future,” Science294(5546), 1488–1495 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Y. Peng, G. P. Li, J. Y. Ye, Z. P. Wei, Z. Zhang, D. D. Wang, G. Z. Xing, and T. Wu, “Electrode dependence of resistive switching in Mn-doped ZnO: Filamentary versus interfacial mechanisms,” Appl. Phys. Lett.96(19), 192113 (2010). [CrossRef]
- H. Y. Peng, G. P. Li, J. Y. Ye, Z. P. Wei, Z. Zhang, D. D. Wang, G. Z. Xing, and T. Wu, “Electrode dependence of resistive switching in Mn-doped ZnO: Filamentary versus interfacial mechanisms,” Appl. Phys. Lett.96(19), 192113 (2010). [CrossRef]
- Z. H. Zhang, X. F. Wang, J. B. Xu, S. Muller, C. Ronning, and Q. Li, “Evidence of intrinsic ferromagnetism in individual dilute magnetic semiconducting nanostructures,” Nat. Nanotechnol.4(8), 523–527 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Yan, Z. Sun, Q. Liu, Z. Li, Z. Pan, J. Wang, S. Wei, D. Wang, Y. Zhou, and X. Zhang, “Zn vacancy induced room-temperature ferromagnetism in Mn-doped ZnO,” Appl. Phys. Lett.91(6), 062113 (2007). [CrossRef]
- Z. Yang, Z. Zuo, H. M. Zhou, W. P. Beyermann, and J. L. Liu, “Epitaxial Mn-doped ZnO diluted magnetic semiconductor thin films grown by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy,” J. Cryst. Growth314(1), 97–103 (2011). [CrossRef]
- H. Y. Peng, G. P. Li, J. Y. Ye, Z. P. Wei, Z. Zhang, D. D. Wang, G. Z. Xing, and T. Wu, “Electrode dependence of resistive switching in Mn-doped ZnO: Filamentary versus interfacial mechanisms,” Appl. Phys. Lett.96(19), 192113 (2010). [CrossRef]
- S. W. Jung, S. J. An, G. C. Yi, C. U. Jung, S. Lee, and S. Cho, “Ferromagnetic properties of Zn1-xMnxO epitaxial thin films,” Appl. Phys. Lett.80, 4561–4563 (2002).
- W. Yan, Z. Sun, Q. Liu, Z. Li, Z. Pan, J. Wang, S. Wei, D. Wang, Y. Zhou, and X. Zhang, “Zn vacancy induced room-temperature ferromagnetism in Mn-doped ZnO,” Appl. Phys. Lett.91(6), 062113 (2007). [CrossRef]
- H. Y. Peng, G. P. Li, J. Y. Ye, Z. P. Wei, Z. Zhang, D. D. Wang, G. Z. Xing, and T. Wu, “Electrode dependence of resistive switching in Mn-doped ZnO: Filamentary versus interfacial mechanisms,” Appl. Phys. Lett.96(19), 192113 (2010). [CrossRef]
- Z. H. Zhang, X. F. Wang, J. B. Xu, S. Muller, C. Ronning, and Q. Li, “Evidence of intrinsic ferromagnetism in individual dilute magnetic semiconducting nanostructures,” Nat. Nanotechnol.4(8), 523–527 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Z. Yang, Z. Zuo, H. M. Zhou, W. P. Beyermann, and J. L. Liu, “Epitaxial Mn-doped ZnO diluted magnetic semiconductor thin films grown by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy,” J. Cryst. Growth314(1), 97–103 (2011). [CrossRef]
- W. Yan, Z. Sun, Q. Liu, Z. Li, Z. Pan, J. Wang, S. Wei, D. Wang, Y. Zhou, and X. Zhang, “Zn vacancy induced room-temperature ferromagnetism in Mn-doped ZnO,” Appl. Phys. Lett.91(6), 062113 (2007). [CrossRef]
- J. R. Neal, A. J. Behan, R. M. Ibrahim, H. J. Blythe, M. Ziese, A. M. Fox, and G. A. Gehring, “Room-Temperature Magneto-Optics of Ferromagnetic Transition-Metal-Doped ZnO Thin Films,” Phys. Rev. Lett.96(19), 197208 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Z. Yang, Z. Zuo, H. M. Zhou, W. P. Beyermann, and J. L. Liu, “Epitaxial Mn-doped ZnO diluted magnetic semiconductor thin films grown by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy,” J. Cryst. Growth314(1), 97–103 (2011). [CrossRef]
Appl. Phys. Lett.
- S. W. Jung, S. J. An, G. C. Yi, C. U. Jung, S. Lee, and S. Cho, “Ferromagnetic properties of Zn1-xMnxO epitaxial thin films,” Appl. Phys. Lett.80, 4561–4563 (2002).
- H. Y. Peng, G. P. Li, J. Y. Ye, Z. P. Wei, Z. Zhang, D. D. Wang, G. Z. Xing, and T. Wu, “Electrode dependence of resistive switching in Mn-doped ZnO: Filamentary versus interfacial mechanisms,” Appl. Phys. Lett.96(19), 192113 (2010). [CrossRef]
- A. C. Mofor, A. El-Shaer, A. Bakin, A. Waag, H. Ahlers, U. Siegner, S. Sievers, M. Albrecht, W. Schoch, N. Izyumskaya, V. Avrutin, S. Sorokin, S. Ivanov, and J. Stoimenos, “Magnetic property investigations on Mn-doped ZnO Layers on sapphire,” Appl. Phys. Lett.87(6), 062501 (2005). [CrossRef]
- W. Yan, Z. Sun, Q. Liu, Z. Li, Z. Pan, J. Wang, S. Wei, D. Wang, Y. Zhou, and X. Zhang, “Zn vacancy induced room-temperature ferromagnetism in Mn-doped ZnO,” Appl. Phys. Lett.91(6), 062113 (2007). [CrossRef]
- T. Fukumura, Z. Jin, A. Ohtomo, H. Koinuma, and M. Kawasaki, “An oxide-diluted magnetic semiconductor: Mn-doped ZnO,” Appl. Phys. Lett.75(21), 3366–3368 (1999).
J. Appl. Phys.
- G. Lucovsky, “Photoeffects in nonuniformly irradiated p-n junctions,” J. Appl. Phys.31(6), 1088–1095 (1960). [CrossRef]
- Y. Tawada, K. Tsuge, M. Kondo, H. Okamoto, and Y. Hamakawa, “Properties and structure of aSiC:H for highefficiency aSi solar cell,” J. Appl. Phys.53(7), 5273–5281 (1982). [CrossRef]
- B. B. Straumal, S. G. Protasova, A. A. Mazilkin, A. A. Myatiev, P. B. Straumal, G. Schütz, E. Goering, and B. Baretzky, “Ferromagnetic properties of the Mn-doped nanograined ZnO films,” J. Appl. Phys.108(7), 073923 (2010). [CrossRef]
J. Cryst. Growth
- Z. Yang, Z. Zuo, H. M. Zhou, W. P. Beyermann, and J. L. Liu, “Epitaxial Mn-doped ZnO diluted magnetic semiconductor thin films grown by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy,” J. Cryst. Growth314(1), 97–103 (2011). [CrossRef]
J. Raman Spectrosc.
- Y. M. Hu, C. Y. Wang, S. S. Lee, T. C. Han, W. Y. Chou, and G. J. Chen, “Identification of Mn-related Raman modes in Mn-doped ZnO thin films,” J. Raman Spectrosc.42(3), 434–437 (2011). [CrossRef]
Nat. Mater.
- P. Sharma, A. Gupta, K. V. Rao, F. J. Owens, R. Sharma, R. Ahuja, J. M. Guillen, B. Johansson, and G. A. Gehring, “Ferromagnetism above room temperature in bulk and transparent thin films of Mn-doped ZnO,” Nat. Mater.2(10), 673–677 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Nat. Nanotechnol.
- Z. H. Zhang, X. F. Wang, J. B. Xu, S. Muller, C. Ronning, and Q. Li, “Evidence of intrinsic ferromagnetism in individual dilute magnetic semiconducting nanostructures,” Nat. Nanotechnol.4(8), 523–527 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Opt. Express
- L. Du and H. Wang, “Infrared laser induced lateral photovoltaic effect observed in Cu2O nanoscale film,” Opt. Express18(9), 9113–9118 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Lu and H. Wang, “Large lateral photovoltaic effect observed in nano Al-doped ZnO films,” Opt. Express19(15), 13806–13811 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Q. Yu, H. Wang, S. Q. Xiao, and Y. X. Xia, “Direct observation of lateral photovoltaic effect in nano-metal-films,” Opt. Express17(24), 21712–21722 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Phys. Rev. Lett.
- J. R. Neal, A. J. Behan, R. M. Ibrahim, H. J. Blythe, M. Ziese, A. M. Fox, and G. A. Gehring, “Room-Temperature Magneto-Optics of Ferromagnetic Transition-Metal-Doped ZnO Thin Films,” Phys. Rev. Lett.96(19), 197208 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Science
- S. A. Wolf, D. D. Awschalom, R. A. Buhrman, J. M. Daughton, S. von Molnár, M. L. Roukes, A. Y. Chtchelkanova, and D. M. Treger, “Spintronics: A Spin-Based Electronics Vision for the Future,” Science294(5546), 1488–1495 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Dietl, H. Ohno, F. Matsukura, J. Cibert, and D. Ferrand, “Zener Model Description of Ferromagnetism in Zinc-Blende Magnetic Semiconductors,” Science287(5455), 1019–1022 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells
- J. A. Anna Selvana, A. E. Delahoya, S. Guo, and Y. M. Li, “A new light trapping TCO for nc-Si:H solar cells,” Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells90, 3371–3376 (2006).
Solid State Commun.
- T.-L. Phan, “Structural, optical and magnetic properties of polycrystalline Zn1−xMnxO ceramics,” Solid State Commun.151(1), 24–28 (2011). [CrossRef]
2011, Lu, Opt. Express
- Y. M. Hu, C. Y. Wang, S. S. Lee, T. C. Han, W. Y. Chou, and G. J. Chen, “Identification of Mn-related Raman modes in Mn-doped ZnO thin films,” J. Raman Spectrosc.42(3), 434–437 (2011). [CrossRef]
- T.-L. Phan, “Structural, optical and magnetic properties of polycrystalline Zn1−xMnxO ceramics,” Solid State Commun.151(1), 24–28 (2011). [CrossRef]
- Z. Yang, Z. Zuo, H. M. Zhou, W. P. Beyermann, and J. L. Liu, “Epitaxial Mn-doped ZnO diluted magnetic semiconductor thin films grown by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy,” J. Cryst. Growth314(1), 97–103 (2011). [CrossRef]
- B. B. Straumal, S. G. Protasova, A. A. Mazilkin, A. A. Myatiev, P. B. Straumal, G. Schütz, E. Goering, and B. Baretzky, “Ferromagnetic properties of the Mn-doped nanograined ZnO films,” J. Appl. Phys.108(7), 073923 (2010). [CrossRef]
- H. Y. Peng, G. P. Li, J. Y. Ye, Z. P. Wei, Z. Zhang, D. D. Wang, G. Z. Xing, and T. Wu, “Electrode dependence of resistive switching in Mn-doped ZnO: Filamentary versus interfacial mechanisms,” Appl. Phys. Lett.96(19), 192113 (2010). [CrossRef]
- Z. H. Zhang, X. F. Wang, J. B. Xu, S. Muller, C. Ronning, and Q. Li, “Evidence of intrinsic ferromagnetism in individual dilute magnetic semiconducting nanostructures,” Nat. Nanotechnol.4(8), 523–527 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Yan, Z. Sun, Q. Liu, Z. Li, Z. Pan, J. Wang, S. Wei, D. Wang, Y. Zhou, and X. Zhang, “Zn vacancy induced room-temperature ferromagnetism in Mn-doped ZnO,” Appl. Phys. Lett.91(6), 062113 (2007). [CrossRef]
- J. A. Anna Selvana, A. E. Delahoya, S. Guo, and Y. M. Li, “A new light trapping TCO for nc-Si:H solar cells,” Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells90, 3371–3376 (2006).
- J. R. Neal, A. J. Behan, R. M. Ibrahim, H. J. Blythe, M. Ziese, A. M. Fox, and G. A. Gehring, “Room-Temperature Magneto-Optics of Ferromagnetic Transition-Metal-Doped ZnO Thin Films,” Phys. Rev. Lett.96(19), 197208 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. C. Mofor, A. El-Shaer, A. Bakin, A. Waag, H. Ahlers, U. Siegner, S. Sievers, M. Albrecht, W. Schoch, N. Izyumskaya, V. Avrutin, S. Sorokin, S. Ivanov, and J. Stoimenos, “Magnetic property investigations on Mn-doped ZnO Layers on sapphire,” Appl. Phys. Lett.87(6), 062501 (2005). [CrossRef]
- P. Sharma, A. Gupta, K. V. Rao, F. J. Owens, R. Sharma, R. Ahuja, J. M. Guillen, B. Johansson, and G. A. Gehring, “Ferromagnetism above room temperature in bulk and transparent thin films of Mn-doped ZnO,” Nat. Mater.2(10), 673–677 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. W. Jung, S. J. An, G. C. Yi, C. U. Jung, S. Lee, and S. Cho, “Ferromagnetic properties of Zn1-xMnxO epitaxial thin films,” Appl. Phys. Lett.80, 4561–4563 (2002).
- S. A. Wolf, D. D. Awschalom, R. A. Buhrman, J. M. Daughton, S. von Molnár, M. L. Roukes, A. Y. Chtchelkanova, and D. M. Treger, “Spintronics: A Spin-Based Electronics Vision for the Future,” Science294(5546), 1488–1495 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Dietl, H. Ohno, F. Matsukura, J. Cibert, and D. Ferrand, “Zener Model Description of Ferromagnetism in Zinc-Blende Magnetic Semiconductors,” Science287(5455), 1019–1022 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Fukumura, Z. Jin, A. Ohtomo, H. Koinuma, and M. Kawasaki, “An oxide-diluted magnetic semiconductor: Mn-doped ZnO,” Appl. Phys. Lett.75(21), 3366–3368 (1999).
- Y. Tawada, K. Tsuge, M. Kondo, H. Okamoto, and Y. Hamakawa, “Properties and structure of aSiC:H for highefficiency aSi solar cell,” J. Appl. Phys.53(7), 5273–5281 (1982). [CrossRef]
- G. Lucovsky, “Photoeffects in nonuniformly irradiated p-n junctions,” J. Appl. Phys.31(6), 1088–1095 (1960). [CrossRef]
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