A novel scheme for achieving quasi-uniform rate polarization scrambling at 752 krad/s

doi:10.1364/OE.20.001691

A novel scheme for achieving quasi-uniform rate polarization scrambling at 752 krad/s

Leon Yao, Hao Huang, James Chen, Ernie Tan, and Alan Willner »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 2, pp. 1691-1699 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.001691

View Full Text Article

Enhanced HTML Acrobat PDF (1242 KB)

Journal Search
Article Lookup

Article Tools

Citations

Alert me when this article is cited
Export Citation/Save

Abstract
Article Info
References (22)
Cited By
Figures (5)
Metrics
Related Content

Abstract

We propose and demonstrate a novel scheme for obtaining quasi-uniform rate polarization scrambling at up to 752 krad/s in fiber optic systems by using cascaded multiple fiber squeezers with each one placed in a certain orientation. Additionally, this polarization scrambler is compatible with both single-polarization and polarization-multiplexing systems. We also show that scrambled SOP with this scheme uniformly covers the whole Poincare Sphere and that the scrambling rates are mostly concentrated towards the high end of the rate distribution histogram. Such a scrambling scheme is advantageous for the deterministic characterization of performances for modern fiber optic transceivers, especially those deploying coherent detection techniques, against rapid polarization variations.

OCIS Codes
(060.0060) Fiber optics and optical communications : Fiber optics and optical communications
(060.1660) Fiber optics and optical communications : Coherent communications
(060.2340) Fiber optics and optical communications : Fiber optics components

ToC Category:
Fiber Optics and Optical Communications

History
Original Manuscript: November 2, 2011
Revised Manuscript: December 7, 2011
Manuscript Accepted: December 10, 2011
Published: January 11, 2012

Citation
Leon Yao, Hao Huang, James Chen, Ernie Tan, and Alan Willner, "A novel scheme for achieving quasi-uniform rate polarization scrambling at 752 krad/s," Opt. Express 20, 1691-1699 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-20-2-1691

Sort: Author | Year | Journal | Reset

References

M. G. Taylor, “Coherent detection method using DSP for demodulation of signal and subsequent equalization of propagation impairments,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.16(2), 674–676 (2004). [CrossRef]
F. Derr, “Coherent optical QPSK intradyne system: concept and digital receiver realization,” J. Lightwave Technol.10(9), 1290–1296 (1992). [CrossRef]
E. Ip, A. P. Lau, D. J. Barros, and J. M. Kahn, “Coherent detection in optical fiber systems,” Opt. Express16(2), 753–791 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Zyskind, R. Barry, G. Pendock, M. Cahill, and J. Ranka, “High-capacity, ultra-long haul networks,” Ch. 5, in Optical Fiber Telecommunication IVB, Systems and Impairments, eds. I. Kaminow and T. Li (Academic Press, San Diego, 2002).
H. Kogelnik, R. Jopson, and L. Nelson, “Polarization mode-dispersion,” in Optical Fiber Telecommunication IVB, Systems and Impairments, eds. I. Kaminow and T. Li, (Academic Press, San Diego, 2002) chap. 15.
P. M. Krummrich and K. Kotten, “Extremely fast (microsecond scale) polarization changes in high speed long hail WDM transmission systems,” in Proc. OFC 2004, paper FI3.
D. L. Peterson, P. J. Leo, and K. B. Rochford, “Field measurements of state of polarization and PMD from a tier-1 carrier,” Proc. OFC 2004, paper FI1.
M. Boroditsky, M. Brodsky, N. J. Frigo, P. Magill, and H. Rosenfeldt, “Polarization dynamics in installed fiber optic systems,” Proc. LEOS 2005, paper TuCC1.
P. J. Leo, G. R. Gray, G. J. Simer, and K. B. Rochford, “State of polarization changes: classification and measurement,” J. Lightwave Technol.21(10), 2189–2193 (2003). [CrossRef]
P. M. Krummrich, E.-D. Schmidt, W. Weiershausen, and A. Mattheus, “Field trial on statistics of fast polarization changes in long haul WDM transmission systems,” in Proc. OFC 2005, paper OThT6.
L. Yan, Q. Yu, and A. E. Willner, “Uniformly distributed states of polarization on the Poincare Sphere using an improved polarization scrambling scheme,” Opt. Commun.249(1-3), 43–50 (2005). [CrossRef]
Y. K. Lize, R. Gomma, R. Kashyap, L. Palmer, and A. E. Willner, “Fast all-fiber polarization scrambling using re-entrant Lefevre controller,” Opt. Commun.279(1), 50–52 (2007). [CrossRef]
B. Koch, R. Noé, V. Mirvoda, and D. Sandel, “100-krad/s endless polarisation tracking with miniaturised module card,” Electron. Lett.47(14), 813–814 (2011). [CrossRef]
http://www.novoptel.de/Scrambling/EPS1000_flyer.pdf
A. Hidayat, B. Koch, H. Zhang, V. Mirvoda, M. Lichtinger, D. Sandel, and R. Noé, “High-speed endless optical polarization stabilization using calibrated waveplates and field-programmable gate array-based digital controller,” Opt. Express16(23), 18984–18991 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
S. Yao, “Polarization in fiber systems: squeezing out more bandwidth,” in The Photonics Handbook (Laurin Publishing, Pittsfield, MA 2004).
R. Noe, H. Heidrich, and D. Hoffmann, “Endless polarization control systems for coherent optics,” J. Lightwave Technol.6(7), 1199–1208 (1988). [CrossRef]
W. H. J. Aarts and G. Khoe, “New endless polarization control method using three fiber squeezers,” J. Lightwave Technol.7(7), 1033–1043 (1989). [CrossRef]
E. Collett, Polarized Light in Fiber Optics (PolaWave Group, Lincroft, New Jersey, 2003).
A. M. Smith, “Single-mode fibre pressure sensitivity,” Electron. Lett.16(20), 773–774 (1980). [CrossRef]
M. Martinelli, P. Martelli, and S. M. Pietralunga, “Polarization stabilization in optical communications Systems,” J. Lightwave Technol.24(11), 4172–4183 (2006). [CrossRef]
http://www.generalphotonics.com/pdf/FAQPolariteII.pdf

Electron. Lett.

B. Koch, R. Noé, V. Mirvoda, and D. Sandel, “100-krad/s endless polarisation tracking with miniaturised module card,” Electron. Lett.47(14), 813–814 (2011). [CrossRef]
A. M. Smith, “Single-mode fibre pressure sensitivity,” Electron. Lett.16(20), 773–774 (1980). [CrossRef]

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.

M. G. Taylor, “Coherent detection method using DSP for demodulation of signal and subsequent equalization of propagation impairments,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.16(2), 674–676 (2004). [CrossRef]

J. Lightwave Technol.

F. Derr, “Coherent optical QPSK intradyne system: concept and digital receiver realization,” J. Lightwave Technol.10(9), 1290–1296 (1992). [CrossRef]
P. J. Leo, G. R. Gray, G. J. Simer, and K. B. Rochford, “State of polarization changes: classification and measurement,” J. Lightwave Technol.21(10), 2189–2193 (2003). [CrossRef]
M. Martinelli, P. Martelli, and S. M. Pietralunga, “Polarization stabilization in optical communications Systems,” J. Lightwave Technol.24(11), 4172–4183 (2006). [CrossRef]
R. Noe, H. Heidrich, and D. Hoffmann, “Endless polarization control systems for coherent optics,” J. Lightwave Technol.6(7), 1199–1208 (1988). [CrossRef]
W. H. J. Aarts and G. Khoe, “New endless polarization control method using three fiber squeezers,” J. Lightwave Technol.7(7), 1033–1043 (1989). [CrossRef]

Opt. Commun.

L. Yan, Q. Yu, and A. E. Willner, “Uniformly distributed states of polarization on the Poincare Sphere using an improved polarization scrambling scheme,” Opt. Commun.249(1-3), 43–50 (2005). [CrossRef]
Y. K. Lize, R. Gomma, R. Kashyap, L. Palmer, and A. E. Willner, “Fast all-fiber polarization scrambling using re-entrant Lefevre controller,” Opt. Commun.279(1), 50–52 (2007). [CrossRef]

Opt. Express

Other

J. Zyskind, R. Barry, G. Pendock, M. Cahill, and J. Ranka, “High-capacity, ultra-long haul networks,” Ch. 5, in Optical Fiber Telecommunication IVB, Systems and Impairments, eds. I. Kaminow and T. Li (Academic Press, San Diego, 2002).
H. Kogelnik, R. Jopson, and L. Nelson, “Polarization mode-dispersion,” in Optical Fiber Telecommunication IVB, Systems and Impairments, eds. I. Kaminow and T. Li, (Academic Press, San Diego, 2002) chap. 15.
P. M. Krummrich and K. Kotten, “Extremely fast (microsecond scale) polarization changes in high speed long hail WDM transmission systems,” in Proc. OFC 2004, paper FI3.
D. L. Peterson, P. J. Leo, and K. B. Rochford, “Field measurements of state of polarization and PMD from a tier-1 carrier,” Proc. OFC 2004, paper FI1.
M. Boroditsky, M. Brodsky, N. J. Frigo, P. Magill, and H. Rosenfeldt, “Polarization dynamics in installed fiber optic systems,” Proc. LEOS 2005, paper TuCC1.
S. Yao, “Polarization in fiber systems: squeezing out more bandwidth,” in The Photonics Handbook (Laurin Publishing, Pittsfield, MA 2004).
http://www.novoptel.de/Scrambling/EPS1000_flyer.pdf
P. M. Krummrich, E.-D. Schmidt, W. Weiershausen, and A. Mattheus, “Field trial on statistics of fast polarization changes in long haul WDM transmission systems,” in Proc. OFC 2005, paper OThT6.
E. Collett, Polarized Light in Fiber Optics (PolaWave Group, Lincroft, New Jersey, 2003).
http://www.generalphotonics.com/pdf/FAQPolariteII.pdf

Cited By

Alert me when this paper is cited

OSA is able to provide readers links to articles that cite this paper by participating in CrossRef's Cited-By Linking service. CrossRef includes content from more than 3000 publishers and societies. In addition to listing OSA journal articles that cite this paper, citing articles from other participating publishers will also be listed.

Click here to see a list of articles that cite this paper