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Comparison of image quality in computed laminography and tomographyFeng Xu, Lukas Helfen, Tilo Baumbach, and Heikki Suhonen »View Author Affiliations
Feng Xu,1,2
Lukas Helfen,1,2
Tilo Baumbach,1
and Heikki Suhonen2,*
1Institute for Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany 2European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France *Corresponding author: heikki.suhonen@esrf.eu |
Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 2, pp. 794-806 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.000794
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Abstract
In computed tomography (CT), projection images of the sample are acquired over an angular range between 180 to 360 degrees around a rotation axis. A special case of CT is that of limited-angle CT, where some of the rotation angles are inaccessible, leading to artefacts in the reconstrucion because of missing information. The case of flat samples is considered, where the projection angles that are close to the sample surface are either i) completely unavailable or ii) very noisy due to the limited transmission at these angles. Computed laminography (CL) is an imaging technique especially suited for flat samples. CL is a generalization of CT that uses a rotation axis tilted by less than 90 degrees with respect to the incident beam. Thus CL avoids using projections from angles closest to the sample surface. We make a quantitative comparison of the imaging artefacts between CL and limited-angle CT for the case of a parallel-beam geometry. Both experimental and simulated images are used to characterize the effect of the artefacts on the resolution and visible image features. The results indicate that CL has an advantage over CT in cases when the missing angular range is a significant portion of the total angular range. In the case when the quality of the projections is limited by noise, CT allows a better tradeoff between the noise level and the missing angular range.
© 2012 OSA
OCIS Codes
(110.0110) Imaging systems : Imaging systems
(340.7440) X-ray optics : X-ray imaging
(110.1758) Imaging systems : Computational imaging
(110.6955) Imaging systems : Tomographic imaging
ToC Category:
Imaging Systems
History
Original Manuscript: October 3, 2011
Revised Manuscript: December 16, 2011
Manuscript Accepted: December 19, 2011
Published: January 3, 2012
Virtual Issues
Vol. 7, Iss. 3 Virtual Journal for Biomedical Optics
Citation
Feng Xu, Lukas Helfen, Tilo Baumbach, and Heikki Suhonen, "Comparison of image quality in computed laminography and tomography," Opt. Express 20, 794-806 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-20-2-794
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References
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- T. Tian, F. Xu, J. Kyu Han, D. Choi, Y. Cheng, L. Helfen, M. Di Michiel, T. Baumbach, and K. N. Tu, “Rapid diagnosis of electromigration induced failure time of pb-free flip chip solder joints by high resolution synchrotron radiation laminography,” Appl. Phys. Lett.99, 082114 (2011). [CrossRef]
- L. Helfen, F. Xu, B. Schillinger, E. Calzada, I. Zanette, T. Weitkamp, and T. Baumbach, “Neutron laminography–a novel approach to three-dimensional imaging of flat objects with neutrons,” Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A (2011). [CrossRef]
- F. Xu, L. Helfen, A. Moffat, G. Johnson, I. Sinclair, and T. Baumbach, “Synchrotron radiation computed laminography for polymer composite failure studies,” J. Synchrotron Radiat.17, 222–226 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Moffat, P. Wright, L. Helfen, T. Baumbach, G. Johnson, S. Spearing, and I. Sinclair, “In situ synchrotron computed laminography of damage in carbon fibre–epoxy [90/0]s laminates,” Scripta Mater.62, 97–100 (2010). [CrossRef]
- L. Helfen, A. Myagotin, A. Rack, P. Pernot, P. Mikulík, M. Di Michiel, and T. Baumbach, “Synchrotron-radiation computed laminography for high-resolution three-dimensional imaging of flat devices,” Phys. Status Solidi A204, 2760–2765 (2007). [CrossRef]
- L. Helfen, A. Myagotin, P. Pernot, M. DiMichiel, P. Mikulík, A. Berthold, and T. Baumbach, “Investigation of hybrid pixel detector arrays by synchrotron-radiation imaging,” Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A563, 163–166 (2006). [CrossRef]
- L. Helfen, T. Baumbach, P. Pernot, P. Mikulík, M. DiMichiel, and J. Baruchel, “High-resolution three-dimensional imaging by synchrotron-radiation computed laminography,” Proc. SPIE6318, 63180N (2006). [CrossRef]
- L. Helfen, T. Baumbach, P. Mikulík, D. Kiel, P. Pernot, P. Cloetens, and J. Baruchel, “High-resolution three-dimensional imaging of flat objects by synchrotron-radiation computed laminography,” Appl. Phys. Lett.86, 071915 (2005). [CrossRef]
- F. Xu, L. Helfen, H. Suhonen, D. Elgrabli, S. Bayat, P. Reischig, T. Baumbach, and P. Cloetens, “Correlative nanoscale 3d imaging of structure and composition in extended objects,” (2011). Submitted.
- W. Baumeister, R. Grimm, and J. Walz, “Electron tomography of molecules and cells,” Trends Cell Biol.9, 81–85 (1999). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. Xu, L. Helfen, H. Suhonen, D. Elgrabli, S. Bayat, P. Reischig, T. Baumbach, and P. Cloetens, “Correlative nanoscale 3d imaging of structure and composition in extended objects,” (2011). Submitted.
- S. Lanzavecchia, F. Cantele, P. Bellon, L. Zampighi, M. Kreman, E. Wright, and G. Zampighi, “Conical tomography of freeze-fracture replicas: a method for the study of integral membrane proteins inserted in phospholipid bilayers,” J. Struct. Biol.149, 87–98 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Gordon, R. Bender, and G. Herman, “Algebraic Reconstruction Techniques (ART) for three-dimensional electron microscopy and X-ray photography,” J. Theor. Biol.29, 471–481 (1970). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Rooks, B. Benhabib, and K. Smith, “Development of an inspection process for ball-grid-array technology using scanned-beam X-ray laminography,” IEEE. Compon. Pack. A18, 851–861 (2002).
- L. Helfen, A. Myagotin, P. Pernot, M. DiMichiel, P. Mikulík, A. Berthold, and T. Baumbach, “Investigation of hybrid pixel detector arrays by synchrotron-radiation imaging,” Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A563, 163–166 (2006). [CrossRef]
- P. Bleuet, P. Cloetens, P. Gergaud, D. Mariolle, N. Chevalier, R. Tucoulou, J. Susini, and A. Chabli, “A hard x-ray nanoprobe for scanning and projection nanotomography,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.80, 056101 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Bleuet, A. Simionovici, L. Lemelle, T. Ferroir, P. Cloetens, R. Tucoulou, and J. Susini, “Hard x-rays nanoscale fluorescence imaging of earth and planetary science samples,” Appl. Phys. Lett.92, 213111 (2008). [CrossRef]
- R. Mokso, P. Cloetens, E. Maire, W. Ludwig, and J. Buffière, “Nanoscale zoom tomography with hard x rays using Kirkpatrick-Baez optics,” Appl. Phys. Lett.90, 144104 (2007). [CrossRef]
- L. Helfen, F. Xu, B. Schillinger, E. Calzada, I. Zanette, T. Weitkamp, and T. Baumbach, “Neutron laminography–a novel approach to three-dimensional imaging of flat objects with neutrons,” Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A (2011). [CrossRef]
- S. Lanzavecchia, F. Cantele, P. Bellon, L. Zampighi, M. Kreman, E. Wright, and G. Zampighi, “Conical tomography of freeze-fracture replicas: a method for the study of integral membrane proteins inserted in phospholipid bilayers,” J. Struct. Biol.149, 87–98 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Bleuet, P. Cloetens, P. Gergaud, D. Mariolle, N. Chevalier, R. Tucoulou, J. Susini, and A. Chabli, “A hard x-ray nanoprobe for scanning and projection nanotomography,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.80, 056101 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Tian, F. Xu, J. Kyu Han, D. Choi, Y. Cheng, L. Helfen, M. Di Michiel, T. Baumbach, and K. N. Tu, “Rapid diagnosis of electromigration induced failure time of pb-free flip chip solder joints by high resolution synchrotron radiation laminography,” Appl. Phys. Lett.99, 082114 (2011). [CrossRef]
- P. Bleuet, P. Cloetens, P. Gergaud, D. Mariolle, N. Chevalier, R. Tucoulou, J. Susini, and A. Chabli, “A hard x-ray nanoprobe for scanning and projection nanotomography,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.80, 056101 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Tian, F. Xu, J. Kyu Han, D. Choi, Y. Cheng, L. Helfen, M. Di Michiel, T. Baumbach, and K. N. Tu, “Rapid diagnosis of electromigration induced failure time of pb-free flip chip solder joints by high resolution synchrotron radiation laminography,” Appl. Phys. Lett.99, 082114 (2011). [CrossRef]
- P. Bleuet, P. Cloetens, P. Gergaud, D. Mariolle, N. Chevalier, R. Tucoulou, J. Susini, and A. Chabli, “A hard x-ray nanoprobe for scanning and projection nanotomography,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.80, 056101 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Bleuet, A. Simionovici, L. Lemelle, T. Ferroir, P. Cloetens, R. Tucoulou, and J. Susini, “Hard x-rays nanoscale fluorescence imaging of earth and planetary science samples,” Appl. Phys. Lett.92, 213111 (2008). [CrossRef]
- R. Mokso, P. Cloetens, E. Maire, W. Ludwig, and J. Buffière, “Nanoscale zoom tomography with hard x rays using Kirkpatrick-Baez optics,” Appl. Phys. Lett.90, 144104 (2007). [CrossRef]
- L. Helfen, T. Baumbach, P. Mikulík, D. Kiel, P. Pernot, P. Cloetens, and J. Baruchel, “High-resolution three-dimensional imaging of flat objects by synchrotron-radiation computed laminography,” Appl. Phys. Lett.86, 071915 (2005). [CrossRef]
- P. Cloetens, W. Ludwig, J. Baruchel, D. Van Dyck, J. Van Landuyt, J. Guigay, and M. Schlenker, “Holotomography: Quantitative phase tomography with micrometer resolution using hard synchrotron radiation x rays,” Appl. Phys. Lett.75, 2912–2914 (1999). [CrossRef]
- F. Xu, L. Helfen, H. Suhonen, D. Elgrabli, S. Bayat, P. Reischig, T. Baumbach, and P. Cloetens, “Correlative nanoscale 3d imaging of structure and composition in extended objects,” (2011). Submitted.
- T. Tian, F. Xu, J. Kyu Han, D. Choi, Y. Cheng, L. Helfen, M. Di Michiel, T. Baumbach, and K. N. Tu, “Rapid diagnosis of electromigration induced failure time of pb-free flip chip solder joints by high resolution synchrotron radiation laminography,” Appl. Phys. Lett.99, 082114 (2011). [CrossRef]
- L. Helfen, A. Myagotin, P. Mikulík, P. Pernot, A. Voropaev, M. Elyyan, M. Di Michiel, J. Baruchel, and T. Baumbach, “On the implementation of computed laminography using synchrotron radiation,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.82, 063702 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Helfen, A. Myagotin, A. Rack, P. Pernot, P. Mikulík, M. Di Michiel, and T. Baumbach, “Synchrotron-radiation computed laminography for high-resolution three-dimensional imaging of flat devices,” Phys. Status Solidi A204, 2760–2765 (2007). [CrossRef]
- L. Helfen, A. Myagotin, P. Pernot, M. DiMichiel, P. Mikulík, A. Berthold, and T. Baumbach, “Investigation of hybrid pixel detector arrays by synchrotron-radiation imaging,” Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A563, 163–166 (2006). [CrossRef]
- L. Helfen, T. Baumbach, P. Pernot, P. Mikulík, M. DiMichiel, and J. Baruchel, “High-resolution three-dimensional imaging by synchrotron-radiation computed laminography,” Proc. SPIE6318, 63180N (2006). [CrossRef]
- F. Xu, L. Helfen, H. Suhonen, D. Elgrabli, S. Bayat, P. Reischig, T. Baumbach, and P. Cloetens, “Correlative nanoscale 3d imaging of structure and composition in extended objects,” (2011). Submitted.
- L. Helfen, A. Myagotin, P. Mikulík, P. Pernot, A. Voropaev, M. Elyyan, M. Di Michiel, J. Baruchel, and T. Baumbach, “On the implementation of computed laminography using synchrotron radiation,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.82, 063702 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Krüger, S. Niese, E. Zschech, J. Gelb, M. Feser, I. McNulty, C. Eyberger, and B. Lai, “Improved scanning geometry to collect 3D-Geometry data in flat samples,” in The 10th International Conference on X-Ray Microscopy, (2011), pp. 258–260.
- P. Bleuet, A. Simionovici, L. Lemelle, T. Ferroir, P. Cloetens, R. Tucoulou, and J. Susini, “Hard x-rays nanoscale fluorescence imaging of earth and planetary science samples,” Appl. Phys. Lett.92, 213111 (2008). [CrossRef]
- P. Krüger, S. Niese, E. Zschech, J. Gelb, M. Feser, I. McNulty, C. Eyberger, and B. Lai, “Improved scanning geometry to collect 3D-Geometry data in flat samples,” in The 10th International Conference on X-Ray Microscopy, (2011), pp. 258–260.
- T. Moore, D. Vanderstraeten, and P. Forssell, “Three-dimensional x-ray laminography as a tool for detection and characterization of BGA package defects,” IEEE Compon. Pack. T25, 224–229 (2002). [CrossRef]
- P. Krüger, S. Niese, E. Zschech, J. Gelb, M. Feser, I. McNulty, C. Eyberger, and B. Lai, “Improved scanning geometry to collect 3D-Geometry data in flat samples,” in The 10th International Conference on X-Ray Microscopy, (2011), pp. 258–260.
- P. Bleuet, P. Cloetens, P. Gergaud, D. Mariolle, N. Chevalier, R. Tucoulou, J. Susini, and A. Chabli, “A hard x-ray nanoprobe for scanning and projection nanotomography,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.80, 056101 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Gordon, R. Bender, and G. Herman, “Algebraic Reconstruction Techniques (ART) for three-dimensional electron microscopy and X-ray photography,” J. Theor. Biol.29, 471–481 (1970). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Baumeister, R. Grimm, and J. Walz, “Electron tomography of molecules and cells,” Trends Cell Biol.9, 81–85 (1999). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Cloetens, W. Ludwig, J. Baruchel, D. Van Dyck, J. Van Landuyt, J. Guigay, and M. Schlenker, “Holotomography: Quantitative phase tomography with micrometer resolution using hard synchrotron radiation x rays,” Appl. Phys. Lett.75, 2912–2914 (1999). [CrossRef]
- G. Lauritsch and W. H. Härer, “A theoretical framework for filtered backprojection in tomosynthesis,” in “Proceedings SPIE; Medical Imaging: Image Processing,” 3338, 1127–1137 (1999). [PubMed]
- T. Tian, F. Xu, J. Kyu Han, D. Choi, Y. Cheng, L. Helfen, M. Di Michiel, T. Baumbach, and K. N. Tu, “Rapid diagnosis of electromigration induced failure time of pb-free flip chip solder joints by high resolution synchrotron radiation laminography,” Appl. Phys. Lett.99, 082114 (2011). [CrossRef]
- L. Helfen, F. Xu, B. Schillinger, E. Calzada, I. Zanette, T. Weitkamp, and T. Baumbach, “Neutron laminography–a novel approach to three-dimensional imaging of flat objects with neutrons,” Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A (2011). [CrossRef]
- L. Helfen, A. Myagotin, P. Mikulík, P. Pernot, A. Voropaev, M. Elyyan, M. Di Michiel, J. Baruchel, and T. Baumbach, “On the implementation of computed laminography using synchrotron radiation,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.82, 063702 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. Xu, L. Helfen, A. Moffat, G. Johnson, I. Sinclair, and T. Baumbach, “Synchrotron radiation computed laminography for polymer composite failure studies,” J. Synchrotron Radiat.17, 222–226 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Moffat, P. Wright, L. Helfen, T. Baumbach, G. Johnson, S. Spearing, and I. Sinclair, “In situ synchrotron computed laminography of damage in carbon fibre–epoxy [90/0]s laminates,” Scripta Mater.62, 97–100 (2010). [CrossRef]
- L. Helfen, A. Myagotin, A. Rack, P. Pernot, P. Mikulík, M. Di Michiel, and T. Baumbach, “Synchrotron-radiation computed laminography for high-resolution three-dimensional imaging of flat devices,” Phys. Status Solidi A204, 2760–2765 (2007). [CrossRef]
- L. Helfen, T. Baumbach, P. Pernot, P. Mikulík, M. DiMichiel, and J. Baruchel, “High-resolution three-dimensional imaging by synchrotron-radiation computed laminography,” Proc. SPIE6318, 63180N (2006). [CrossRef]
- L. Helfen, A. Myagotin, P. Pernot, M. DiMichiel, P. Mikulík, A. Berthold, and T. Baumbach, “Investigation of hybrid pixel detector arrays by synchrotron-radiation imaging,” Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A563, 163–166 (2006). [CrossRef]
- L. Helfen, T. Baumbach, P. Mikulík, D. Kiel, P. Pernot, P. Cloetens, and J. Baruchel, “High-resolution three-dimensional imaging of flat objects by synchrotron-radiation computed laminography,” Appl. Phys. Lett.86, 071915 (2005). [CrossRef]
- F. Xu, L. Helfen, H. Suhonen, D. Elgrabli, S. Bayat, P. Reischig, T. Baumbach, and P. Cloetens, “Correlative nanoscale 3d imaging of structure and composition in extended objects,” (2011). Submitted.
- R. Gordon, R. Bender, and G. Herman, “Algebraic Reconstruction Techniques (ART) for three-dimensional electron microscopy and X-ray photography,” J. Theor. Biol.29, 471–481 (1970). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Hsieh, Computed tomography: Principles, design, artifacts, and recent advances (SPIE Press, 2003).
- S. Siltanen, V. Kolehmainen, S. Järvenpää, J. Kaipio, P. Koistinen, M. Lassas, J. Pirttilä, and E. Somersalo, “Statistical inversion for medical x-ray tomography with few radiographs: I. General theory,” Phys. Med. Biol.48, 1437 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Wang and M. Jiang, “Ordered-subset simultaneous algebraic reconstruction techniques (OS-SART),” J. X-ray Sci. Technol.12, 169–177 (2004).
- A. Moffat, P. Wright, L. Helfen, T. Baumbach, G. Johnson, S. Spearing, and I. Sinclair, “In situ synchrotron computed laminography of damage in carbon fibre–epoxy [90/0]s laminates,” Scripta Mater.62, 97–100 (2010). [CrossRef]
- F. Xu, L. Helfen, A. Moffat, G. Johnson, I. Sinclair, and T. Baumbach, “Synchrotron radiation computed laminography for polymer composite failure studies,” J. Synchrotron Radiat.17, 222–226 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- A. Moffat, P. Wright, L. Helfen, T. Baumbach, G. Johnson, S. Spearing, and I. Sinclair, “In situ synchrotron computed laminography of damage in carbon fibre–epoxy [90/0]s laminates,” Scripta Mater.62, 97–100 (2010). [CrossRef]
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Appl. Phys. Lett.
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IEEE Compon. Pack. C
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IEEE Compon. Pack. T
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IEEE. Compon. Pack. A
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J. Synchrotron Radiat.
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Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A
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Phys. Med. Biol.
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Phys. Status Solidi A
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Proc. SPIE
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Proceedings SPIE; Medical Imaging: Image Processing
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