Optics InfoBase > Optics Express > Volume 20 > Issue 20 > Page 22398
|
|
Characteristics of electro-refractive modulating based on Graphene-Oxide-Silicon waveguideChao Xu, Yichang Jin, Longzhi Yang, Jianyi Yang, and Xiaoqing Jiang »View Author Affiliations
Chao Xu,
Yichang Jin,
Longzhi Yang,
Jianyi Yang,
and Xiaoqing Jiang*
Department of Information science and Electronics Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China *Corresponding author: iseejxq@zju.edu.cn |
Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 20, pp. 22398-22405 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.022398
View Full Text Article
Enhanced HTML
Acrobat PDF (1204 KB)
Abstract
Graphene has attracted a high level of research interest because of its outstanding electronic transport properties and optical properties. Based on the Kubo formalism and the Maxwell equations, it’s demonstrated that the optical conductivity of graphene can be controlled through the applied voltage. And we find that the graphene-oxide-silicon (GOS) based waveguide can be made into either the electro-absorptive or electron-refractive modulators. Using graphene as the active medium, we present a new electro-refractive Mach-Zender interferometer based on the GOS structure. This new GOS-based electron-refractive modulation mechanism can enable novel architectures for on-chip optical communications.
© 2012 OSA
OCIS Codes
(130.3120) Integrated optics : Integrated optics devices
(230.7370) Optical devices : Waveguides
(250.7360) Optoelectronics : Waveguide modulators
ToC Category:
Integrated Optics
History
Original Manuscript: July 16, 2012
Revised Manuscript: August 23, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: September 7, 2012
Published: September 17, 2012
Citation
Chao Xu, Yichang Jin, Longzhi Yang, Jianyi Yang, and Xiaoqing Jiang, "Characteristics of electro-refractive modulating based on Graphene-Oxide-Silicon waveguide," Opt. Express 20, 22398-22405 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-20-20-22398
Sort: Author | Year | Journal | Reset
References
- G. T. Reed, G. Mashanovich, F. Y. Gardes, and D. J. Thomson, “Silicon optical modulators,” Nat. Photonics4(8), 518–526 (2010). [CrossRef]
- R. A. Soref and B. R. Bennett, “Electrooptical effects in silicon,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron.23(1), 123–129 (1987). [CrossRef]
- L. Alloatti, D. Korn, R. Palmer, D. Hillerkuss, J. Li, A. Barklund, R. Dinu, J. Wieland, M. Fournier, J. Fedeli, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, R. Baets, C. Koos, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “42.7 Gbit/s electro-optic modulator in silicon technology,” Opt. Express19(12), 11841–11851 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Liu, R. Jones, L. Liao, D. Samara-Rubio, D. Rubin, O. Cohen, R. Nicolaescu, and M. Paniccia, “A high-speed silicon optical modulator based on a metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor,” Nature427(6975), 615–618 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Q. Xu, B. Schmidt, S. Pradhan, and M. Lipson, “Micrometre-scale silicon electro-optic modulator,” Nature435(7040), 325–327 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Y. Zhu, G. Q. Lo, and D. L. Kwong, “Components for silicon plasmonic nanocircuits based on horizontal Cu-SiO₂-Si-SiO₂-Cu nanoplasmonic waveguides,” Opt. Express20(6), 5867–5881 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. K. Geim and K. S. Novoselov, “The rise of graphene,” Nat. Mater.6(3), 183–191 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Gu, N. Petrone, J. F. McMillan, A. V. D. Zande, M. Yu, G. Q. Lo, D. L. Kwong, J. Hone, and C. W. Wong, “Regenerative oscillation and four-wave mixing in graphene optoelectronics,” Nat. Photonics6(8), 554–559 (2012). [CrossRef]
- K. Kim, J. Y. Choi, T. Kim, S. H. Cho, and H. J. Chung, “A role for graphene in silicon-based semiconductor devices,” Nature479(7373), 338–344 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Liu, X. Yin, E. Ulin-Avila, B. Geng, T. Zentgraf, L. Ju, F. Wang, and X. Zhang, “A graphene-based broadband optical modulator,” Nature474(7349), 64–67 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Li, Y. Anugrah, S. J. Koester, and M. Li, “Optical absorption in graphene integrated on silicon waveguides,” arXiv: 1205.4050v1, 2012.
- S. J. Koester and M. Li, “High-speed waveguide-coupled graphene-on-graphene optical modulators,” Appl. Phys. Lett.100(17), 171107 (2012). [CrossRef]
- M. Liu, X. Yin, and X. Zhang, “Double-layer graphene optical modulator,” Nano Lett.12(3), 1482–1485 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Christensen, A. Manjavacas, S. Thongrattanasiri, F. H. L. Koppens, and F. J. de Abajo, “Graphene Plasmon Waveguiding and Hybridization in Individual and Paired Nanoribbons,” ACS Nano6(1), 431–440 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. W. Hanson, “Quasi-transverse electromagnetic modes supported by a graphene parallel-plate waveguide,” J. Appl. Phys.104(8), 084314 (2008). [CrossRef]
- Q. Bao, H. Zhang, B. Wang, Z. Ni, C. Haley, Y. Xuan, Y. Wang, C. H. Y. X. Lim, D. Y. Tang, and K. P. Loh, “Broadband graphene polarizer,” Nat. Photonics5(7), 411–415 (2011). [CrossRef]
- G. W. Hanson, “Dyadic Green’s functions and guided surface waves for a surface conductivity model of graphene,” J. Appl. Phys.103(6), 064302 (2008). [CrossRef]
- V. P. Gusynin, S. G. Sharapov, and J. P. Carbotte, “Magneto-optical conductivity in graphene,” J. Phys. Condens. Matter19(2), 026222 (2007). [CrossRef]
- F. Wang, Y. Zhang, C. Tian, C. Girit, A. Zettl, M. Crommie, and Y. R. Shen, “Gate-variable optical transitions in graphene,” Science320(5873), 206–209 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Ren, Q. Zhang, J. Yao, Z. Sun, R. Kaneko, Z. Yan, S. Nanot, Z. Jin, I. Kawayama, M. Tonouchi, J. M. Tour, and J. Kono, “Terahertz and Infrared Spectroscopy of Gated Large-Area Graphene,” Nano Lett.12(7), 3711–3715 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Yan, Y. Zhang, P. Kim, and A. Pinczuk, “Electric Field Effect Tuning of Electron-Phonon Coupling in Graphene,” Phys. Rev. Lett.98(16), 166802 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. L. Wen and Y. L. Long, “An implementation of a root-finding algorithm for transcendental functions in a complex plane,” J. Numer. Methods & Comput. Appl. No.2, 88–92 (1994).
- K. I. Bolotin, K. J. Sikes, Z. Jiang, M. Klima, G. Fudenberg, J. Hone, P. Kim, and H. L. Stormer, “Ultrahigh electron mobility in suspended graphene,” Solid State Commun.146(9-10), 351–355 (2008). [CrossRef]
- L. Alloatti, D. Korn, R. Palmer, D. Hillerkuss, J. Li, A. Barklund, R. Dinu, J. Wieland, M. Fournier, J. Fedeli, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, R. Baets, C. Koos, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “42.7 Gbit/s electro-optic modulator in silicon technology,” Opt. Express19(12), 11841–11851 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Alloatti, D. Korn, R. Palmer, D. Hillerkuss, J. Li, A. Barklund, R. Dinu, J. Wieland, M. Fournier, J. Fedeli, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, R. Baets, C. Koos, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “42.7 Gbit/s electro-optic modulator in silicon technology,” Opt. Express19(12), 11841–11851 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Q. Bao, H. Zhang, B. Wang, Z. Ni, C. Haley, Y. Xuan, Y. Wang, C. H. Y. X. Lim, D. Y. Tang, and K. P. Loh, “Broadband graphene polarizer,” Nat. Photonics5(7), 411–415 (2011). [CrossRef]
- L. Alloatti, D. Korn, R. Palmer, D. Hillerkuss, J. Li, A. Barklund, R. Dinu, J. Wieland, M. Fournier, J. Fedeli, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, R. Baets, C. Koos, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “42.7 Gbit/s electro-optic modulator in silicon technology,” Opt. Express19(12), 11841–11851 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. A. Soref and B. R. Bennett, “Electrooptical effects in silicon,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron.23(1), 123–129 (1987). [CrossRef]
- L. Alloatti, D. Korn, R. Palmer, D. Hillerkuss, J. Li, A. Barklund, R. Dinu, J. Wieland, M. Fournier, J. Fedeli, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, R. Baets, C. Koos, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “42.7 Gbit/s electro-optic modulator in silicon technology,” Opt. Express19(12), 11841–11851 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. I. Bolotin, K. J. Sikes, Z. Jiang, M. Klima, G. Fudenberg, J. Hone, P. Kim, and H. L. Stormer, “Ultrahigh electron mobility in suspended graphene,” Solid State Commun.146(9-10), 351–355 (2008). [CrossRef]
- V. P. Gusynin, S. G. Sharapov, and J. P. Carbotte, “Magneto-optical conductivity in graphene,” J. Phys. Condens. Matter19(2), 026222 (2007). [CrossRef]
- K. Kim, J. Y. Choi, T. Kim, S. H. Cho, and H. J. Chung, “A role for graphene in silicon-based semiconductor devices,” Nature479(7373), 338–344 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Kim, J. Y. Choi, T. Kim, S. H. Cho, and H. J. Chung, “A role for graphene in silicon-based semiconductor devices,” Nature479(7373), 338–344 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Christensen, A. Manjavacas, S. Thongrattanasiri, F. H. L. Koppens, and F. J. de Abajo, “Graphene Plasmon Waveguiding and Hybridization in Individual and Paired Nanoribbons,” ACS Nano6(1), 431–440 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Kim, J. Y. Choi, T. Kim, S. H. Cho, and H. J. Chung, “A role for graphene in silicon-based semiconductor devices,” Nature479(7373), 338–344 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Liu, R. Jones, L. Liao, D. Samara-Rubio, D. Rubin, O. Cohen, R. Nicolaescu, and M. Paniccia, “A high-speed silicon optical modulator based on a metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor,” Nature427(6975), 615–618 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. Wang, Y. Zhang, C. Tian, C. Girit, A. Zettl, M. Crommie, and Y. R. Shen, “Gate-variable optical transitions in graphene,” Science320(5873), 206–209 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Christensen, A. Manjavacas, S. Thongrattanasiri, F. H. L. Koppens, and F. J. de Abajo, “Graphene Plasmon Waveguiding and Hybridization in Individual and Paired Nanoribbons,” ACS Nano6(1), 431–440 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Alloatti, D. Korn, R. Palmer, D. Hillerkuss, J. Li, A. Barklund, R. Dinu, J. Wieland, M. Fournier, J. Fedeli, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, R. Baets, C. Koos, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “42.7 Gbit/s electro-optic modulator in silicon technology,” Opt. Express19(12), 11841–11851 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Alloatti, D. Korn, R. Palmer, D. Hillerkuss, J. Li, A. Barklund, R. Dinu, J. Wieland, M. Fournier, J. Fedeli, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, R. Baets, C. Koos, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “42.7 Gbit/s electro-optic modulator in silicon technology,” Opt. Express19(12), 11841–11851 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Alloatti, D. Korn, R. Palmer, D. Hillerkuss, J. Li, A. Barklund, R. Dinu, J. Wieland, M. Fournier, J. Fedeli, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, R. Baets, C. Koos, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “42.7 Gbit/s electro-optic modulator in silicon technology,” Opt. Express19(12), 11841–11851 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Alloatti, D. Korn, R. Palmer, D. Hillerkuss, J. Li, A. Barklund, R. Dinu, J. Wieland, M. Fournier, J. Fedeli, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, R. Baets, C. Koos, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “42.7 Gbit/s electro-optic modulator in silicon technology,” Opt. Express19(12), 11841–11851 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Alloatti, D. Korn, R. Palmer, D. Hillerkuss, J. Li, A. Barklund, R. Dinu, J. Wieland, M. Fournier, J. Fedeli, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, R. Baets, C. Koos, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “42.7 Gbit/s electro-optic modulator in silicon technology,” Opt. Express19(12), 11841–11851 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. I. Bolotin, K. J. Sikes, Z. Jiang, M. Klima, G. Fudenberg, J. Hone, P. Kim, and H. L. Stormer, “Ultrahigh electron mobility in suspended graphene,” Solid State Commun.146(9-10), 351–355 (2008). [CrossRef]
- G. T. Reed, G. Mashanovich, F. Y. Gardes, and D. J. Thomson, “Silicon optical modulators,” Nat. Photonics4(8), 518–526 (2010). [CrossRef]
- A. K. Geim and K. S. Novoselov, “The rise of graphene,” Nat. Mater.6(3), 183–191 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Liu, X. Yin, E. Ulin-Avila, B. Geng, T. Zentgraf, L. Ju, F. Wang, and X. Zhang, “A graphene-based broadband optical modulator,” Nature474(7349), 64–67 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. Wang, Y. Zhang, C. Tian, C. Girit, A. Zettl, M. Crommie, and Y. R. Shen, “Gate-variable optical transitions in graphene,” Science320(5873), 206–209 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Gu, N. Petrone, J. F. McMillan, A. V. D. Zande, M. Yu, G. Q. Lo, D. L. Kwong, J. Hone, and C. W. Wong, “Regenerative oscillation and four-wave mixing in graphene optoelectronics,” Nat. Photonics6(8), 554–559 (2012). [CrossRef]
- V. P. Gusynin, S. G. Sharapov, and J. P. Carbotte, “Magneto-optical conductivity in graphene,” J. Phys. Condens. Matter19(2), 026222 (2007). [CrossRef]
- Q. Bao, H. Zhang, B. Wang, Z. Ni, C. Haley, Y. Xuan, Y. Wang, C. H. Y. X. Lim, D. Y. Tang, and K. P. Loh, “Broadband graphene polarizer,” Nat. Photonics5(7), 411–415 (2011). [CrossRef]
- G. W. Hanson, “Quasi-transverse electromagnetic modes supported by a graphene parallel-plate waveguide,” J. Appl. Phys.104(8), 084314 (2008). [CrossRef]
- G. W. Hanson, “Dyadic Green’s functions and guided surface waves for a surface conductivity model of graphene,” J. Appl. Phys.103(6), 064302 (2008). [CrossRef]
- L. Alloatti, D. Korn, R. Palmer, D. Hillerkuss, J. Li, A. Barklund, R. Dinu, J. Wieland, M. Fournier, J. Fedeli, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, R. Baets, C. Koos, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “42.7 Gbit/s electro-optic modulator in silicon technology,” Opt. Express19(12), 11841–11851 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Gu, N. Petrone, J. F. McMillan, A. V. D. Zande, M. Yu, G. Q. Lo, D. L. Kwong, J. Hone, and C. W. Wong, “Regenerative oscillation and four-wave mixing in graphene optoelectronics,” Nat. Photonics6(8), 554–559 (2012). [CrossRef]
- K. I. Bolotin, K. J. Sikes, Z. Jiang, M. Klima, G. Fudenberg, J. Hone, P. Kim, and H. L. Stormer, “Ultrahigh electron mobility in suspended graphene,” Solid State Commun.146(9-10), 351–355 (2008). [CrossRef]
- K. I. Bolotin, K. J. Sikes, Z. Jiang, M. Klima, G. Fudenberg, J. Hone, P. Kim, and H. L. Stormer, “Ultrahigh electron mobility in suspended graphene,” Solid State Commun.146(9-10), 351–355 (2008). [CrossRef]
- L. Ren, Q. Zhang, J. Yao, Z. Sun, R. Kaneko, Z. Yan, S. Nanot, Z. Jin, I. Kawayama, M. Tonouchi, J. M. Tour, and J. Kono, “Terahertz and Infrared Spectroscopy of Gated Large-Area Graphene,” Nano Lett.12(7), 3711–3715 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Liu, R. Jones, L. Liao, D. Samara-Rubio, D. Rubin, O. Cohen, R. Nicolaescu, and M. Paniccia, “A high-speed silicon optical modulator based on a metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor,” Nature427(6975), 615–618 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Liu, X. Yin, E. Ulin-Avila, B. Geng, T. Zentgraf, L. Ju, F. Wang, and X. Zhang, “A graphene-based broadband optical modulator,” Nature474(7349), 64–67 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Ren, Q. Zhang, J. Yao, Z. Sun, R. Kaneko, Z. Yan, S. Nanot, Z. Jin, I. Kawayama, M. Tonouchi, J. M. Tour, and J. Kono, “Terahertz and Infrared Spectroscopy of Gated Large-Area Graphene,” Nano Lett.12(7), 3711–3715 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Ren, Q. Zhang, J. Yao, Z. Sun, R. Kaneko, Z. Yan, S. Nanot, Z. Jin, I. Kawayama, M. Tonouchi, J. M. Tour, and J. Kono, “Terahertz and Infrared Spectroscopy of Gated Large-Area Graphene,” Nano Lett.12(7), 3711–3715 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Kim, J. Y. Choi, T. Kim, S. H. Cho, and H. J. Chung, “A role for graphene in silicon-based semiconductor devices,” Nature479(7373), 338–344 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. I. Bolotin, K. J. Sikes, Z. Jiang, M. Klima, G. Fudenberg, J. Hone, P. Kim, and H. L. Stormer, “Ultrahigh electron mobility in suspended graphene,” Solid State Commun.146(9-10), 351–355 (2008). [CrossRef]
- J. Yan, Y. Zhang, P. Kim, and A. Pinczuk, “Electric Field Effect Tuning of Electron-Phonon Coupling in Graphene,” Phys. Rev. Lett.98(16), 166802 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Kim, J. Y. Choi, T. Kim, S. H. Cho, and H. J. Chung, “A role for graphene in silicon-based semiconductor devices,” Nature479(7373), 338–344 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. I. Bolotin, K. J. Sikes, Z. Jiang, M. Klima, G. Fudenberg, J. Hone, P. Kim, and H. L. Stormer, “Ultrahigh electron mobility in suspended graphene,” Solid State Commun.146(9-10), 351–355 (2008). [CrossRef]
- S. J. Koester and M. Li, “High-speed waveguide-coupled graphene-on-graphene optical modulators,” Appl. Phys. Lett.100(17), 171107 (2012). [CrossRef]
- L. Ren, Q. Zhang, J. Yao, Z. Sun, R. Kaneko, Z. Yan, S. Nanot, Z. Jin, I. Kawayama, M. Tonouchi, J. M. Tour, and J. Kono, “Terahertz and Infrared Spectroscopy of Gated Large-Area Graphene,” Nano Lett.12(7), 3711–3715 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Alloatti, D. Korn, R. Palmer, D. Hillerkuss, J. Li, A. Barklund, R. Dinu, J. Wieland, M. Fournier, J. Fedeli, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, R. Baets, C. Koos, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “42.7 Gbit/s electro-optic modulator in silicon technology,” Opt. Express19(12), 11841–11851 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Christensen, A. Manjavacas, S. Thongrattanasiri, F. H. L. Koppens, and F. J. de Abajo, “Graphene Plasmon Waveguiding and Hybridization in Individual and Paired Nanoribbons,” ACS Nano6(1), 431–440 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Alloatti, D. Korn, R. Palmer, D. Hillerkuss, J. Li, A. Barklund, R. Dinu, J. Wieland, M. Fournier, J. Fedeli, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, R. Baets, C. Koos, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “42.7 Gbit/s electro-optic modulator in silicon technology,” Opt. Express19(12), 11841–11851 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Gu, N. Petrone, J. F. McMillan, A. V. D. Zande, M. Yu, G. Q. Lo, D. L. Kwong, J. Hone, and C. W. Wong, “Regenerative oscillation and four-wave mixing in graphene optoelectronics,” Nat. Photonics6(8), 554–559 (2012). [CrossRef]
- S. Y. Zhu, G. Q. Lo, and D. L. Kwong, “Components for silicon plasmonic nanocircuits based on horizontal Cu-SiO₂-Si-SiO₂-Cu nanoplasmonic waveguides,” Opt. Express20(6), 5867–5881 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Alloatti, D. Korn, R. Palmer, D. Hillerkuss, J. Li, A. Barklund, R. Dinu, J. Wieland, M. Fournier, J. Fedeli, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, R. Baets, C. Koos, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “42.7 Gbit/s electro-optic modulator in silicon technology,” Opt. Express19(12), 11841–11851 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Alloatti, D. Korn, R. Palmer, D. Hillerkuss, J. Li, A. Barklund, R. Dinu, J. Wieland, M. Fournier, J. Fedeli, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, R. Baets, C. Koos, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “42.7 Gbit/s electro-optic modulator in silicon technology,” Opt. Express19(12), 11841–11851 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. J. Koester and M. Li, “High-speed waveguide-coupled graphene-on-graphene optical modulators,” Appl. Phys. Lett.100(17), 171107 (2012). [CrossRef]
- A. Liu, R. Jones, L. Liao, D. Samara-Rubio, D. Rubin, O. Cohen, R. Nicolaescu, and M. Paniccia, “A high-speed silicon optical modulator based on a metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor,” Nature427(6975), 615–618 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Q. Bao, H. Zhang, B. Wang, Z. Ni, C. Haley, Y. Xuan, Y. Wang, C. H. Y. X. Lim, D. Y. Tang, and K. P. Loh, “Broadband graphene polarizer,” Nat. Photonics5(7), 411–415 (2011). [CrossRef]
- Q. Xu, B. Schmidt, S. Pradhan, and M. Lipson, “Micrometre-scale silicon electro-optic modulator,” Nature435(7040), 325–327 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Liu, R. Jones, L. Liao, D. Samara-Rubio, D. Rubin, O. Cohen, R. Nicolaescu, and M. Paniccia, “A high-speed silicon optical modulator based on a metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor,” Nature427(6975), 615–618 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Liu, X. Yin, and X. Zhang, “Double-layer graphene optical modulator,” Nano Lett.12(3), 1482–1485 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Liu, X. Yin, E. Ulin-Avila, B. Geng, T. Zentgraf, L. Ju, F. Wang, and X. Zhang, “A graphene-based broadband optical modulator,” Nature474(7349), 64–67 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Y. Zhu, G. Q. Lo, and D. L. Kwong, “Components for silicon plasmonic nanocircuits based on horizontal Cu-SiO₂-Si-SiO₂-Cu nanoplasmonic waveguides,” Opt. Express20(6), 5867–5881 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Gu, N. Petrone, J. F. McMillan, A. V. D. Zande, M. Yu, G. Q. Lo, D. L. Kwong, J. Hone, and C. W. Wong, “Regenerative oscillation and four-wave mixing in graphene optoelectronics,” Nat. Photonics6(8), 554–559 (2012). [CrossRef]
- Q. Bao, H. Zhang, B. Wang, Z. Ni, C. Haley, Y. Xuan, Y. Wang, C. H. Y. X. Lim, D. Y. Tang, and K. P. Loh, “Broadband graphene polarizer,” Nat. Photonics5(7), 411–415 (2011). [CrossRef]
- X. L. Wen and Y. L. Long, “An implementation of a root-finding algorithm for transcendental functions in a complex plane,” J. Numer. Methods & Comput. Appl. No.2, 88–92 (1994).
- J. Christensen, A. Manjavacas, S. Thongrattanasiri, F. H. L. Koppens, and F. J. de Abajo, “Graphene Plasmon Waveguiding and Hybridization in Individual and Paired Nanoribbons,” ACS Nano6(1), 431–440 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. T. Reed, G. Mashanovich, F. Y. Gardes, and D. J. Thomson, “Silicon optical modulators,” Nat. Photonics4(8), 518–526 (2010). [CrossRef]
- T. Gu, N. Petrone, J. F. McMillan, A. V. D. Zande, M. Yu, G. Q. Lo, D. L. Kwong, J. Hone, and C. W. Wong, “Regenerative oscillation and four-wave mixing in graphene optoelectronics,” Nat. Photonics6(8), 554–559 (2012). [CrossRef]
- L. Ren, Q. Zhang, J. Yao, Z. Sun, R. Kaneko, Z. Yan, S. Nanot, Z. Jin, I. Kawayama, M. Tonouchi, J. M. Tour, and J. Kono, “Terahertz and Infrared Spectroscopy of Gated Large-Area Graphene,” Nano Lett.12(7), 3711–3715 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Q. Bao, H. Zhang, B. Wang, Z. Ni, C. Haley, Y. Xuan, Y. Wang, C. H. Y. X. Lim, D. Y. Tang, and K. P. Loh, “Broadband graphene polarizer,” Nat. Photonics5(7), 411–415 (2011). [CrossRef]
- A. Liu, R. Jones, L. Liao, D. Samara-Rubio, D. Rubin, O. Cohen, R. Nicolaescu, and M. Paniccia, “A high-speed silicon optical modulator based on a metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor,” Nature427(6975), 615–618 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. K. Geim and K. S. Novoselov, “The rise of graphene,” Nat. Mater.6(3), 183–191 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Alloatti, D. Korn, R. Palmer, D. Hillerkuss, J. Li, A. Barklund, R. Dinu, J. Wieland, M. Fournier, J. Fedeli, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, R. Baets, C. Koos, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “42.7 Gbit/s electro-optic modulator in silicon technology,” Opt. Express19(12), 11841–11851 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Liu, R. Jones, L. Liao, D. Samara-Rubio, D. Rubin, O. Cohen, R. Nicolaescu, and M. Paniccia, “A high-speed silicon optical modulator based on a metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor,” Nature427(6975), 615–618 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Gu, N. Petrone, J. F. McMillan, A. V. D. Zande, M. Yu, G. Q. Lo, D. L. Kwong, J. Hone, and C. W. Wong, “Regenerative oscillation and four-wave mixing in graphene optoelectronics,” Nat. Photonics6(8), 554–559 (2012). [CrossRef]
- J. Yan, Y. Zhang, P. Kim, and A. Pinczuk, “Electric Field Effect Tuning of Electron-Phonon Coupling in Graphene,” Phys. Rev. Lett.98(16), 166802 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Q. Xu, B. Schmidt, S. Pradhan, and M. Lipson, “Micrometre-scale silicon electro-optic modulator,” Nature435(7040), 325–327 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. T. Reed, G. Mashanovich, F. Y. Gardes, and D. J. Thomson, “Silicon optical modulators,” Nat. Photonics4(8), 518–526 (2010). [CrossRef]
- L. Ren, Q. Zhang, J. Yao, Z. Sun, R. Kaneko, Z. Yan, S. Nanot, Z. Jin, I. Kawayama, M. Tonouchi, J. M. Tour, and J. Kono, “Terahertz and Infrared Spectroscopy of Gated Large-Area Graphene,” Nano Lett.12(7), 3711–3715 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Liu, R. Jones, L. Liao, D. Samara-Rubio, D. Rubin, O. Cohen, R. Nicolaescu, and M. Paniccia, “A high-speed silicon optical modulator based on a metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor,” Nature427(6975), 615–618 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Liu, R. Jones, L. Liao, D. Samara-Rubio, D. Rubin, O. Cohen, R. Nicolaescu, and M. Paniccia, “A high-speed silicon optical modulator based on a metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor,” Nature427(6975), 615–618 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Q. Xu, B. Schmidt, S. Pradhan, and M. Lipson, “Micrometre-scale silicon electro-optic modulator,” Nature435(7040), 325–327 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. P. Gusynin, S. G. Sharapov, and J. P. Carbotte, “Magneto-optical conductivity in graphene,” J. Phys. Condens. Matter19(2), 026222 (2007). [CrossRef]
- F. Wang, Y. Zhang, C. Tian, C. Girit, A. Zettl, M. Crommie, and Y. R. Shen, “Gate-variable optical transitions in graphene,” Science320(5873), 206–209 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. I. Bolotin, K. J. Sikes, Z. Jiang, M. Klima, G. Fudenberg, J. Hone, P. Kim, and H. L. Stormer, “Ultrahigh electron mobility in suspended graphene,” Solid State Commun.146(9-10), 351–355 (2008). [CrossRef]
- R. A. Soref and B. R. Bennett, “Electrooptical effects in silicon,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron.23(1), 123–129 (1987). [CrossRef]
- K. I. Bolotin, K. J. Sikes, Z. Jiang, M. Klima, G. Fudenberg, J. Hone, P. Kim, and H. L. Stormer, “Ultrahigh electron mobility in suspended graphene,” Solid State Commun.146(9-10), 351–355 (2008). [CrossRef]
- L. Ren, Q. Zhang, J. Yao, Z. Sun, R. Kaneko, Z. Yan, S. Nanot, Z. Jin, I. Kawayama, M. Tonouchi, J. M. Tour, and J. Kono, “Terahertz and Infrared Spectroscopy of Gated Large-Area Graphene,” Nano Lett.12(7), 3711–3715 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Q. Bao, H. Zhang, B. Wang, Z. Ni, C. Haley, Y. Xuan, Y. Wang, C. H. Y. X. Lim, D. Y. Tang, and K. P. Loh, “Broadband graphene polarizer,” Nat. Photonics5(7), 411–415 (2011). [CrossRef]
- G. T. Reed, G. Mashanovich, F. Y. Gardes, and D. J. Thomson, “Silicon optical modulators,” Nat. Photonics4(8), 518–526 (2010). [CrossRef]
- J. Christensen, A. Manjavacas, S. Thongrattanasiri, F. H. L. Koppens, and F. J. de Abajo, “Graphene Plasmon Waveguiding and Hybridization in Individual and Paired Nanoribbons,” ACS Nano6(1), 431–440 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. Wang, Y. Zhang, C. Tian, C. Girit, A. Zettl, M. Crommie, and Y. R. Shen, “Gate-variable optical transitions in graphene,” Science320(5873), 206–209 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Ren, Q. Zhang, J. Yao, Z. Sun, R. Kaneko, Z. Yan, S. Nanot, Z. Jin, I. Kawayama, M. Tonouchi, J. M. Tour, and J. Kono, “Terahertz and Infrared Spectroscopy of Gated Large-Area Graphene,” Nano Lett.12(7), 3711–3715 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Ren, Q. Zhang, J. Yao, Z. Sun, R. Kaneko, Z. Yan, S. Nanot, Z. Jin, I. Kawayama, M. Tonouchi, J. M. Tour, and J. Kono, “Terahertz and Infrared Spectroscopy of Gated Large-Area Graphene,” Nano Lett.12(7), 3711–3715 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Liu, X. Yin, E. Ulin-Avila, B. Geng, T. Zentgraf, L. Ju, F. Wang, and X. Zhang, “A graphene-based broadband optical modulator,” Nature474(7349), 64–67 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Q. Bao, H. Zhang, B. Wang, Z. Ni, C. Haley, Y. Xuan, Y. Wang, C. H. Y. X. Lim, D. Y. Tang, and K. P. Loh, “Broadband graphene polarizer,” Nat. Photonics5(7), 411–415 (2011). [CrossRef]
- M. Liu, X. Yin, E. Ulin-Avila, B. Geng, T. Zentgraf, L. Ju, F. Wang, and X. Zhang, “A graphene-based broadband optical modulator,” Nature474(7349), 64–67 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. Wang, Y. Zhang, C. Tian, C. Girit, A. Zettl, M. Crommie, and Y. R. Shen, “Gate-variable optical transitions in graphene,” Science320(5873), 206–209 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Q. Bao, H. Zhang, B. Wang, Z. Ni, C. Haley, Y. Xuan, Y. Wang, C. H. Y. X. Lim, D. Y. Tang, and K. P. Loh, “Broadband graphene polarizer,” Nat. Photonics5(7), 411–415 (2011). [CrossRef]
- X. L. Wen and Y. L. Long, “An implementation of a root-finding algorithm for transcendental functions in a complex plane,” J. Numer. Methods & Comput. Appl. No.2, 88–92 (1994).
- L. Alloatti, D. Korn, R. Palmer, D. Hillerkuss, J. Li, A. Barklund, R. Dinu, J. Wieland, M. Fournier, J. Fedeli, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, R. Baets, C. Koos, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “42.7 Gbit/s electro-optic modulator in silicon technology,” Opt. Express19(12), 11841–11851 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Gu, N. Petrone, J. F. McMillan, A. V. D. Zande, M. Yu, G. Q. Lo, D. L. Kwong, J. Hone, and C. W. Wong, “Regenerative oscillation and four-wave mixing in graphene optoelectronics,” Nat. Photonics6(8), 554–559 (2012). [CrossRef]
- Q. Xu, B. Schmidt, S. Pradhan, and M. Lipson, “Micrometre-scale silicon electro-optic modulator,” Nature435(7040), 325–327 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Q. Bao, H. Zhang, B. Wang, Z. Ni, C. Haley, Y. Xuan, Y. Wang, C. H. Y. X. Lim, D. Y. Tang, and K. P. Loh, “Broadband graphene polarizer,” Nat. Photonics5(7), 411–415 (2011). [CrossRef]
- J. Yan, Y. Zhang, P. Kim, and A. Pinczuk, “Electric Field Effect Tuning of Electron-Phonon Coupling in Graphene,” Phys. Rev. Lett.98(16), 166802 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Ren, Q. Zhang, J. Yao, Z. Sun, R. Kaneko, Z. Yan, S. Nanot, Z. Jin, I. Kawayama, M. Tonouchi, J. M. Tour, and J. Kono, “Terahertz and Infrared Spectroscopy of Gated Large-Area Graphene,” Nano Lett.12(7), 3711–3715 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Ren, Q. Zhang, J. Yao, Z. Sun, R. Kaneko, Z. Yan, S. Nanot, Z. Jin, I. Kawayama, M. Tonouchi, J. M. Tour, and J. Kono, “Terahertz and Infrared Spectroscopy of Gated Large-Area Graphene,” Nano Lett.12(7), 3711–3715 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Liu, X. Yin, and X. Zhang, “Double-layer graphene optical modulator,” Nano Lett.12(3), 1482–1485 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Liu, X. Yin, E. Ulin-Avila, B. Geng, T. Zentgraf, L. Ju, F. Wang, and X. Zhang, “A graphene-based broadband optical modulator,” Nature474(7349), 64–67 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Alloatti, D. Korn, R. Palmer, D. Hillerkuss, J. Li, A. Barklund, R. Dinu, J. Wieland, M. Fournier, J. Fedeli, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, R. Baets, C. Koos, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “42.7 Gbit/s electro-optic modulator in silicon technology,” Opt. Express19(12), 11841–11851 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Gu, N. Petrone, J. F. McMillan, A. V. D. Zande, M. Yu, G. Q. Lo, D. L. Kwong, J. Hone, and C. W. Wong, “Regenerative oscillation and four-wave mixing in graphene optoelectronics,” Nat. Photonics6(8), 554–559 (2012). [CrossRef]
- T. Gu, N. Petrone, J. F. McMillan, A. V. D. Zande, M. Yu, G. Q. Lo, D. L. Kwong, J. Hone, and C. W. Wong, “Regenerative oscillation and four-wave mixing in graphene optoelectronics,” Nat. Photonics6(8), 554–559 (2012). [CrossRef]
- M. Liu, X. Yin, E. Ulin-Avila, B. Geng, T. Zentgraf, L. Ju, F. Wang, and X. Zhang, “A graphene-based broadband optical modulator,” Nature474(7349), 64–67 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. Wang, Y. Zhang, C. Tian, C. Girit, A. Zettl, M. Crommie, and Y. R. Shen, “Gate-variable optical transitions in graphene,” Science320(5873), 206–209 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Q. Bao, H. Zhang, B. Wang, Z. Ni, C. Haley, Y. Xuan, Y. Wang, C. H. Y. X. Lim, D. Y. Tang, and K. P. Loh, “Broadband graphene polarizer,” Nat. Photonics5(7), 411–415 (2011). [CrossRef]
- L. Ren, Q. Zhang, J. Yao, Z. Sun, R. Kaneko, Z. Yan, S. Nanot, Z. Jin, I. Kawayama, M. Tonouchi, J. M. Tour, and J. Kono, “Terahertz and Infrared Spectroscopy of Gated Large-Area Graphene,” Nano Lett.12(7), 3711–3715 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Liu, X. Yin, and X. Zhang, “Double-layer graphene optical modulator,” Nano Lett.12(3), 1482–1485 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Liu, X. Yin, E. Ulin-Avila, B. Geng, T. Zentgraf, L. Ju, F. Wang, and X. Zhang, “A graphene-based broadband optical modulator,” Nature474(7349), 64–67 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. Wang, Y. Zhang, C. Tian, C. Girit, A. Zettl, M. Crommie, and Y. R. Shen, “Gate-variable optical transitions in graphene,” Science320(5873), 206–209 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Yan, Y. Zhang, P. Kim, and A. Pinczuk, “Electric Field Effect Tuning of Electron-Phonon Coupling in Graphene,” Phys. Rev. Lett.98(16), 166802 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
ACS Nano
- J. Christensen, A. Manjavacas, S. Thongrattanasiri, F. H. L. Koppens, and F. J. de Abajo, “Graphene Plasmon Waveguiding and Hybridization in Individual and Paired Nanoribbons,” ACS Nano6(1), 431–440 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Appl. Phys. Lett.
- S. J. Koester and M. Li, “High-speed waveguide-coupled graphene-on-graphene optical modulators,” Appl. Phys. Lett.100(17), 171107 (2012). [CrossRef]
IEEE J. Quantum Electron.
- R. A. Soref and B. R. Bennett, “Electrooptical effects in silicon,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron.23(1), 123–129 (1987). [CrossRef]
J. Appl. Phys.
- G. W. Hanson, “Quasi-transverse electromagnetic modes supported by a graphene parallel-plate waveguide,” J. Appl. Phys.104(8), 084314 (2008). [CrossRef]
- G. W. Hanson, “Dyadic Green’s functions and guided surface waves for a surface conductivity model of graphene,” J. Appl. Phys.103(6), 064302 (2008). [CrossRef]
J. Numer. Methods & Comput. Appl. No.
- X. L. Wen and Y. L. Long, “An implementation of a root-finding algorithm for transcendental functions in a complex plane,” J. Numer. Methods & Comput. Appl. No.2, 88–92 (1994).
J. Phys. Condens. Matter
- V. P. Gusynin, S. G. Sharapov, and J. P. Carbotte, “Magneto-optical conductivity in graphene,” J. Phys. Condens. Matter19(2), 026222 (2007). [CrossRef]
Nano Lett.
- L. Ren, Q. Zhang, J. Yao, Z. Sun, R. Kaneko, Z. Yan, S. Nanot, Z. Jin, I. Kawayama, M. Tonouchi, J. M. Tour, and J. Kono, “Terahertz and Infrared Spectroscopy of Gated Large-Area Graphene,” Nano Lett.12(7), 3711–3715 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Liu, X. Yin, and X. Zhang, “Double-layer graphene optical modulator,” Nano Lett.12(3), 1482–1485 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Nat. Mater.
- A. K. Geim and K. S. Novoselov, “The rise of graphene,” Nat. Mater.6(3), 183–191 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Nat. Photonics
- T. Gu, N. Petrone, J. F. McMillan, A. V. D. Zande, M. Yu, G. Q. Lo, D. L. Kwong, J. Hone, and C. W. Wong, “Regenerative oscillation and four-wave mixing in graphene optoelectronics,” Nat. Photonics6(8), 554–559 (2012). [CrossRef]
- Q. Bao, H. Zhang, B. Wang, Z. Ni, C. Haley, Y. Xuan, Y. Wang, C. H. Y. X. Lim, D. Y. Tang, and K. P. Loh, “Broadband graphene polarizer,” Nat. Photonics5(7), 411–415 (2011). [CrossRef]
- G. T. Reed, G. Mashanovich, F. Y. Gardes, and D. J. Thomson, “Silicon optical modulators,” Nat. Photonics4(8), 518–526 (2010). [CrossRef]
Nature
- K. Kim, J. Y. Choi, T. Kim, S. H. Cho, and H. J. Chung, “A role for graphene in silicon-based semiconductor devices,” Nature479(7373), 338–344 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Liu, X. Yin, E. Ulin-Avila, B. Geng, T. Zentgraf, L. Ju, F. Wang, and X. Zhang, “A graphene-based broadband optical modulator,” Nature474(7349), 64–67 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Liu, R. Jones, L. Liao, D. Samara-Rubio, D. Rubin, O. Cohen, R. Nicolaescu, and M. Paniccia, “A high-speed silicon optical modulator based on a metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor,” Nature427(6975), 615–618 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Q. Xu, B. Schmidt, S. Pradhan, and M. Lipson, “Micrometre-scale silicon electro-optic modulator,” Nature435(7040), 325–327 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Opt. Express
- S. Y. Zhu, G. Q. Lo, and D. L. Kwong, “Components for silicon plasmonic nanocircuits based on horizontal Cu-SiO₂-Si-SiO₂-Cu nanoplasmonic waveguides,” Opt. Express20(6), 5867–5881 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Alloatti, D. Korn, R. Palmer, D. Hillerkuss, J. Li, A. Barklund, R. Dinu, J. Wieland, M. Fournier, J. Fedeli, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, R. Baets, C. Koos, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “42.7 Gbit/s electro-optic modulator in silicon technology,” Opt. Express19(12), 11841–11851 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Phys. Rev. Lett.
- J. Yan, Y. Zhang, P. Kim, and A. Pinczuk, “Electric Field Effect Tuning of Electron-Phonon Coupling in Graphene,” Phys. Rev. Lett.98(16), 166802 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Science
- F. Wang, Y. Zhang, C. Tian, C. Girit, A. Zettl, M. Crommie, and Y. R. Shen, “Gate-variable optical transitions in graphene,” Science320(5873), 206–209 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Solid State Commun.
- K. I. Bolotin, K. J. Sikes, Z. Jiang, M. Klima, G. Fudenberg, J. Hone, P. Kim, and H. L. Stormer, “Ultrahigh electron mobility in suspended graphene,” Solid State Commun.146(9-10), 351–355 (2008). [CrossRef]
Other
- H. Li, Y. Anugrah, S. J. Koester, and M. Li, “Optical absorption in graphene integrated on silicon waveguides,” arXiv: 1205.4050v1, 2012.
2012, Zhu, Opt. Express
- T. Gu, N. Petrone, J. F. McMillan, A. V. D. Zande, M. Yu, G. Q. Lo, D. L. Kwong, J. Hone, and C. W. Wong, “Regenerative oscillation and four-wave mixing in graphene optoelectronics,” Nat. Photonics6(8), 554–559 (2012). [CrossRef]
- S. J. Koester and M. Li, “High-speed waveguide-coupled graphene-on-graphene optical modulators,” Appl. Phys. Lett.100(17), 171107 (2012). [CrossRef]
- M. Liu, X. Yin, and X. Zhang, “Double-layer graphene optical modulator,” Nano Lett.12(3), 1482–1485 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Christensen, A. Manjavacas, S. Thongrattanasiri, F. H. L. Koppens, and F. J. de Abajo, “Graphene Plasmon Waveguiding and Hybridization in Individual and Paired Nanoribbons,” ACS Nano6(1), 431–440 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Ren, Q. Zhang, J. Yao, Z. Sun, R. Kaneko, Z. Yan, S. Nanot, Z. Jin, I. Kawayama, M. Tonouchi, J. M. Tour, and J. Kono, “Terahertz and Infrared Spectroscopy of Gated Large-Area Graphene,” Nano Lett.12(7), 3711–3715 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Q. Bao, H. Zhang, B. Wang, Z. Ni, C. Haley, Y. Xuan, Y. Wang, C. H. Y. X. Lim, D. Y. Tang, and K. P. Loh, “Broadband graphene polarizer,” Nat. Photonics5(7), 411–415 (2011). [CrossRef]
- K. Kim, J. Y. Choi, T. Kim, S. H. Cho, and H. J. Chung, “A role for graphene in silicon-based semiconductor devices,” Nature479(7373), 338–344 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Liu, X. Yin, E. Ulin-Avila, B. Geng, T. Zentgraf, L. Ju, F. Wang, and X. Zhang, “A graphene-based broadband optical modulator,” Nature474(7349), 64–67 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Alloatti, D. Korn, R. Palmer, D. Hillerkuss, J. Li, A. Barklund, R. Dinu, J. Wieland, M. Fournier, J. Fedeli, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, R. Baets, C. Koos, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “42.7 Gbit/s electro-optic modulator in silicon technology,” Opt. Express19(12), 11841–11851 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. T. Reed, G. Mashanovich, F. Y. Gardes, and D. J. Thomson, “Silicon optical modulators,” Nat. Photonics4(8), 518–526 (2010). [CrossRef]
- G. W. Hanson, “Dyadic Green’s functions and guided surface waves for a surface conductivity model of graphene,” J. Appl. Phys.103(6), 064302 (2008). [CrossRef]
- F. Wang, Y. Zhang, C. Tian, C. Girit, A. Zettl, M. Crommie, and Y. R. Shen, “Gate-variable optical transitions in graphene,” Science320(5873), 206–209 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. W. Hanson, “Quasi-transverse electromagnetic modes supported by a graphene parallel-plate waveguide,” J. Appl. Phys.104(8), 084314 (2008). [CrossRef]
- K. I. Bolotin, K. J. Sikes, Z. Jiang, M. Klima, G. Fudenberg, J. Hone, P. Kim, and H. L. Stormer, “Ultrahigh electron mobility in suspended graphene,” Solid State Commun.146(9-10), 351–355 (2008). [CrossRef]
- J. Yan, Y. Zhang, P. Kim, and A. Pinczuk, “Electric Field Effect Tuning of Electron-Phonon Coupling in Graphene,” Phys. Rev. Lett.98(16), 166802 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. P. Gusynin, S. G. Sharapov, and J. P. Carbotte, “Magneto-optical conductivity in graphene,” J. Phys. Condens. Matter19(2), 026222 (2007). [CrossRef]
- A. K. Geim and K. S. Novoselov, “The rise of graphene,” Nat. Mater.6(3), 183–191 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Q. Xu, B. Schmidt, S. Pradhan, and M. Lipson, “Micrometre-scale silicon electro-optic modulator,” Nature435(7040), 325–327 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Liu, R. Jones, L. Liao, D. Samara-Rubio, D. Rubin, O. Cohen, R. Nicolaescu, and M. Paniccia, “A high-speed silicon optical modulator based on a metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor,” Nature427(6975), 615–618 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. L. Wen and Y. L. Long, “An implementation of a root-finding algorithm for transcendental functions in a complex plane,” J. Numer. Methods & Comput. Appl. No.2, 88–92 (1994).
- R. A. Soref and B. R. Bennett, “Electrooptical effects in silicon,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron.23(1), 123–129 (1987). [CrossRef]
Cited By |
OSA is able to provide readers links to articles that cite this paper by participating in CrossRef's Cited-By Linking service. CrossRef includes content from more than 3000 publishers and societies. In addition to listing OSA journal articles that cite this paper, citing articles from other participating publishers will also be listed.
Related Journal Articles 
- Reflectivity properties of an abruptly ended asymmetrical slab waveguide for the case of transverse magnetic modes (JOSAA)
- Three-dimensional finite-element beam propagation method: assessments and developments (JOSAA)
- Adiabatic coupling between conventional dielectric waveguides and waveguides with discrete translational symmetry (OL)
- Polarization characteristics of optical waveguides with separable symmetric refractive-index profiles (JOSAA)
- Fabrication of low loss and high speed silicon optical modulator using doping compensation method (OE)
Related Conference Papers 
- Mode Conversion Losses in SOI Photonic Wire Based Racetrack Resonators
- The Novel Schemes and Materials for 10Gbps per Channel in Optical Interconnect
- The Novel Schemes and Materials for 10Gbps per Channel in Optical Interconnect
- Nanophotonic Waveguides by Self-assembly of Multiple-type Quantum Dots
- Non-Lithographic Fabrication of Polymer Waveguides and Grating Couplers
- Firefox 11+
- Google Chrome 17+
- Internet Explorer 9+
- Safari 5+




OSA is a member of 