Digital confocal microscope

doi:10.1364/OE.20.022720

Digital confocal microscope

Alexandre S. Goy and Demetri Psaltis »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 20, pp. 22720-22727 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.022720

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Abstract
Article Info
References (14)
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Figures (6)
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Abstract

We demonstrate experimentally a scanning confocal microscopy technique based on digital holography. The method relies on digital holographic recording of the scanned spot. The data collected in this way contains all the necessary information to digitally produce three-dimensional images. Several methods to treat the data are presented. Examples of reflection and transmission images of epithelial cells and mouse brain tissue are shown.

OCIS Codes
(180.1790) Microscopy : Confocal microscopy
(090.1995) Holography : Digital holography

ToC Category:
Microscopy

History
Original Manuscript: July 6, 2012
Revised Manuscript: September 7, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: September 15, 2012
Published: September 19, 2012

Virtual Issues
Vol. 7, Iss. 11 Virtual Journal for Biomedical Optics

Citation
Alexandre S. Goy and Demetri Psaltis, "Digital confocal microscope," Opt. Express 20, 22720-22727 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-20-20-22720

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References

M. Minsky, “Microscopy apparatus,” US Patent 3,013,467 (1961).
C. Sheppard and D. Shotton, Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (Oxford, BIOS Scientific Publishers 1997).
Y. C. Liu and A. S. Chiang, “High-resolution confocal imaging and three-dimensional rendering,” Methods30(1), 86–93 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
S. J. Tseng, Y. H. Lee, Z. H. Chen, H. H. Lin, C. Y. Lin, and S. C. Tang, “Integration of optical clearing and optical sectioning microscopy for three-dimensional imaging of natural biomaterial scaffolds in thin sections,” J. Biomed. Opt.14(4), 044004 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
M. J. Booth, “Adaptive optics in microscopy,” Philos. Transact. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci.365(1861), 2829–2843 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. M. Girkin, S. Poland, and A. J. Wright, “Adaptive optics for deeper imaging of biological samples,” Curr. Opin. Biotechnol.20(1), 106–110 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
F. Charrière, A. Marian, F. Montfort, J. Kuehn, T. Colomb, E. Cuche, P. Marquet, and C. Depeursinge, “Cell refractive index tomography by digital holographic microscopy,” Opt. Lett.31(2), 178–180 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
K. Dillon and Y. Fainman, “Computational confocal tomography for simultaneous reconstruction of objects, occlusions, and aberrations,” Appl. Opt.49(13), 2529–2538 (2010). [CrossRef]
N. Lue, W. Choi, K. Badizadegan, R. R. Dasari, M. S. Feld, and G. Popescu, “Confocal diffraction phase microscopy of live cells,” Opt. Lett.33(18), 2074–2076 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
G. Barbastathis, M. Balberg, and D. J. Brady, “Confocal microscopy with a volume holographic filter,” Opt. Lett.24(12), 811–813 (1999). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
C. Yang and J. Mertz, “Transmission confocal laser scanning microscopy with a virtual pinhole based on nonlinear detection,” Opt. Lett.28(4), 224–226 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
E. Cuche, P. Marquet, and C. Depeursinge, “Spatial filtering for zero-order and twin-image elimination in digital off-axis holography,” Appl. Opt.39(23), 4070–4075 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
S. G. Johnson and M. Frigo, “A modified split-radix FFT with fewer arithmetic operations,” IEEE Trans. Signal Process.55(1), 111–119 (2007). [CrossRef]
D. J. Brady, K. Choi, D. L. Marks, R. Horisaki, and S. Lim, “Compressive holography,” Opt. Express17(15), 13040–13049 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

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[1] M. Minsky, “Microscopy apparatus,” US Patent 3,013,467 (1961).

[2] C. Sheppard and D. Shotton, Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (Oxford, BIOS Scientific Publishers 1997).

[3] Y. C. Liu and A. S. Chiang, “High-resolution confocal imaging and three-dimensional rendering,” Methods30(1), 86–93 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[4] S. J. Tseng, Y. H. Lee, Z. H. Chen, H. H. Lin, C. Y. Lin, and S. C. Tang, “Integration of optical clearing and optical sectioning microscopy for three-dimensional imaging of natural biomaterial scaffolds in thin sections,” J. Biomed. Opt.14(4), 044004 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[5] M. J. Booth, “Adaptive optics in microscopy,” Philos. Transact. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci.365(1861), 2829–2843 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[6] J. M. Girkin, S. Poland, and A. J. Wright, “Adaptive optics for deeper imaging of biological samples,” Curr. Opin. Biotechnol.20(1), 106–110 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[7] F. Charrière, A. Marian, F. Montfort, J. Kuehn, T. Colomb, E. Cuche, P. Marquet, and C. Depeursinge, “Cell refractive index tomography by digital holographic microscopy,” Opt. Lett.31(2), 178–180 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[8] K. Dillon and Y. Fainman, “Computational confocal tomography for simultaneous reconstruction of objects, occlusions, and aberrations,” Appl. Opt.49(13), 2529–2538 (2010). [CrossRef]

[9] N. Lue, W. Choi, K. Badizadegan, R. R. Dasari, M. S. Feld, and G. Popescu, “Confocal diffraction phase microscopy of live cells,” Opt. Lett.33(18), 2074–2076 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[10] G. Barbastathis, M. Balberg, and D. J. Brady, “Confocal microscopy with a volume holographic filter,” Opt. Lett.24(12), 811–813 (1999). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[11] C. Yang and J. Mertz, “Transmission confocal laser scanning microscopy with a virtual pinhole based on nonlinear detection,” Opt. Lett.28(4), 224–226 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[12] E. Cuche, P. Marquet, and C. Depeursinge, “Spatial filtering for zero-order and twin-image elimination in digital off-axis holography,” Appl. Opt.39(23), 4070–4075 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[13] S. G. Johnson and M. Frigo, “A modified split-radix FFT with fewer arithmetic operations,” IEEE Trans. Signal Process.55(1), 111–119 (2007). [CrossRef]

[14] D. J. Brady, K. Choi, D. L. Marks, R. Horisaki, and S. Lim, “Compressive holography,” Opt. Express17(15), 13040–13049 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

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Digital confocal microscope