Effects of plasmonic coupling and electrical current on persistent photoconductivity of single-layer graphene on pristine and silver-nanoparticle-coated SiO<sub>2</sub>/Si

doi:10.1364/OE.20.022943

Effects of plasmonic coupling and electrical current on persistent photoconductivity of single-layer graphene on pristine and silver-nanoparticle-coated SiO₂/Si

Chih-Yi Liu, Kengchih Liang, Chun-Cheng Chang, and Yonhua Tzeng »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 20, pp. 22943-22952 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.022943

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Abstract

Effects and mechanisms of conductivity variation of chemically vapor deposited single-layer graphene covering silver nanoparticles on SiO₂/Si are reported based on blue-light (405nm) induced plasmonic coupling and electrical current induced annealing and desorption of surface adsorbates. With 1V applied voltage, photoconductivity is positive except a brief negative period when the graphene is first illuminated by light. At 10mV applied voltage, negative photoconductivity persists for hours. In comparison, negative photoconductivity of graphene on pristine SiO₂/Si persists for tens of hours. When the applied voltage is increased to 1V, it takes tens of hours of light illumination to change to positive photoconductivity.

OCIS Codes
(230.0250) Optical devices : Optoelectronics
(240.6680) Optics at surfaces : Surface plasmons
(260.5150) Physical optics : Photoconductivity
(220.4241) Optical design and fabrication : Nanostructure fabrication
(250.5403) Optoelectronics : Plasmonics
(310.6628) Thin films : Subwavelength structures, nanostructures

ToC Category:
Optics at Surfaces

History
Original Manuscript: July 30, 2012
Revised Manuscript: September 9, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: September 13, 2012
Published: September 21, 2012

Citation
Chih-Yi Liu, Kengchih Liang, Chun-Cheng Chang, and Yonhua Tzeng, "Effects of plasmonic coupling and electrical current on persistent photoconductivity of single-layer graphene on pristine and silver-nanoparticle-coated SiO₂/Si," Opt. Express 20, 22943-22952 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-20-20-22943

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References

K. S. Novoselov, A. K. Geim, S. V. Morozov, D. Jiang, M. I. Katsnelson, I. V. Grigorieva, S. V. Dubonos, and A. A. Firsov, “Two-dimensional gas of massless dirac fermions in graphene,” Nature438(7065), 197–200 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
H. P. Boehm, A. Clauss, G. O. Fischer, and U. Hofmann, “The adsorption behavior of very thin carbon films,” Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem.316, 119–127 (1962). [CrossRef]
K. S. Novoselov, A. K. Geim, S. V. Morozov, D. Jiang, Y. Zhang, S. V. Dubonos, I. V. Grigorieva, and A. A. Firsov, “Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films,” Science306(5696), 666–669 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
A. K. Geim and K. S. Novoselov, “The rise of graphene,” Nat. Mater.6(3), 183–191 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
F. Bonaccorso, Z. Sun, T. Hasan, and A. C. Ferrari, “Graphene photonics and optoelectronics,” Nat. Photonics4(9), 611–622 (2010). [CrossRef]
A. H. Castro Neto, F. Guinea, N. M. R. Peres, K. S. Novoselov, and A. K. Geim, “The electronic properties of graphene,” Rev. Mod. Phys.81(1), 109–162 (2009). [CrossRef]
C. Biswas, F. Güneş, D. L. Duong, S. C. Lim, M. S. Jeong, D. Pribat, and Y. H. Lee, “Negative and positive persistent photoconductance in graphene,” Nano Lett.11(11), 4682–4687 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
F. Schedin, A. K. Geim, S. V. Morozov, E. W. Hill, P. Blake, M. I. Katsnelson, and K. S. Novoselov, “Detection of individual gas molecules adsorbed on graphene,” Nat. Mater.6(9), 652–655 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
O. Leenaerts, B. Partoens, and F. M. Peeters, “Adsorption of H2O, NH3, CO, NO2, and NO on graphene: a first-principles study,” Phys. Rev. B77(12), 125416 (2008). [CrossRef]
J. C. Meyer, C. O. Girit, M. F. Crommie, and A. Zettl, “Imaging and dynamics of light atoms and molecules on graphene,” Nature454(7202), 319–322 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
A. C. Ferrari, J. C. Meyer, V. Scardaci, C. Casiraghi, M. Lazzeri, F. Mauri, S. Piscanec, D. Jiang, K. S. Novoselov, S. Roth, and A. K. Geim, “Raman spectrum of graphene and graphene layers,” Phys. Rev. Lett.97(18), 187401 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
W. Chen, C.-H. Tu, K.-C. Liang, C.-Y. Liu, C.-P. Liu, and Y. Tzeng, “Low-stress transfer of graphene and it tunable resistance by remote plasma treatments in hydrogen,” in Proceedings of IEEE Nanotechnology Conference, (Portland, OR, 2011), pp. 15–18.
C. Y. Liu, K. C. Liang, W. L. Chen, C. H. Tu, C. P. Liu, and Y. Tzeng, “Plasmonic coupling of silver nanoparticles covered by hydrogen-terminated graphene for surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy,” Opt. Express19(18), 17092–17098 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
C. H. Huang, H. Y. Lin, Y. H. Tzeng, C. H. Fan, C. Y. Liu, C. Y. Li, C. W. Huang, and H. C. Chui, “Tunable photoconductivity of porous anodic aluminum oxide with silver nanoparticles,” Electrochem. Solid-State Lett.15(3), J14–J17 (2012). [CrossRef]
X. R. Wang, X. L. Li, L. Zhang, Y. Yoon, P. K. Weber, H. L. Wang, J. Guo, and H. J. Dai, “N-doping of graphene through electrothermal reactions with ammonia,” Science324(5928), 768–771 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
C. H. Huang, H. Y. Lin, B. C. Lau, C. Y. Liu, H. C. Chui, and Y. Tzeng, “Plasmon-induced optical switching of electrical conductivity in porous anodic aluminum oxide films encapsulated with silver nanoparticle arrays,” Opt. Express18(26), 27891–27899 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
C. H. Huang, H. Y. Lin, Y. Tzeng, C. H. Fan, C. Y. Liu, C. Y. Li, C. W. Huang, N. K. Chen, and H. C. Chui, “Optical characteristics of pore size on porous anodic aluminium oxide films with embedded silver nanoparticles,” Sens. Actuator, A180, 49–54 (2012). [CrossRef]
B. C. Lau, C. Y. Liu, H. Y. Lin, C. H. Huang, H. C. Chui, and Y. Tzeng, “Electrochemical fabrication of anodic aluminum oxide films with encapsulated silver nanoparticles as plasmonic photoconductors,” Electrochem. Solid-State Lett.14(5), E15–E17 (2011). [CrossRef]

Biswas, C.
Blake, P.
Boehm, H. P.
Bonaccorso, F.
Casiraghi, C.
Castro Neto, A. H.
Chen, N. K.
Chen, W. L.
Chui, H. C.
Clauss, A.
Crommie, M. F.
Dai, H. J.
Dubonos, S. V.
Duong, D. L.
Fan, C. H.
Ferrari, A. C.
Firsov, A. A.
Fischer, G. O.
Geim, A. K.
Girit, C. O.
Grigorieva, I. V.
Guinea, F.
Günes, F.
Guo, J.
Hasan, T.
Hill, E. W.
Hofmann, U.
Huang, C. H.
Huang, C. W.
Jeong, M. S.
Jiang, D.
Katsnelson, M. I.
Lau, B. C.
Lazzeri, M.
Lee, Y. H.
Leenaerts, O.
Li, C. Y.
Li, X. L.
Liang, K. C.
Lim, S. C.
Lin, H. Y.
Liu, C. P.
Liu, C. Y.
Mauri, F.
Meyer, J. C.
Morozov, S. V.
Novoselov, K. S.
Partoens, B.
Peeters, F. M.
Peres, N. M. R.
Piscanec, S.
Pribat, D.
Roth, S.
Scardaci, V.
Schedin, F.
Sun, Z.
Tu, C. H.
Tzeng, Y.
Tzeng, Y. H.
Wang, H. L.
Wang, X. R.
Weber, P. K.
Yoon, Y.
Zettl, A.
Zhang, L.
Zhang, Y.

Electrochem. Solid-State Lett.

C. H. Huang, H. Y. Lin, Y. H. Tzeng, C. H. Fan, C. Y. Liu, C. Y. Li, C. W. Huang, and H. C. Chui, “Tunable photoconductivity of porous anodic aluminum oxide with silver nanoparticles,” Electrochem. Solid-State Lett.15(3), J14–J17 (2012). [CrossRef]
B. C. Lau, C. Y. Liu, H. Y. Lin, C. H. Huang, H. C. Chui, and Y. Tzeng, “Electrochemical fabrication of anodic aluminum oxide films with encapsulated silver nanoparticles as plasmonic photoconductors,” Electrochem. Solid-State Lett.14(5), E15–E17 (2011). [CrossRef]

Nano Lett.

C. Biswas, F. Güneş, D. L. Duong, S. C. Lim, M. S. Jeong, D. Pribat, and Y. H. Lee, “Negative and positive persistent photoconductance in graphene,” Nano Lett.11(11), 4682–4687 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Nat. Mater.

F. Schedin, A. K. Geim, S. V. Morozov, E. W. Hill, P. Blake, M. I. Katsnelson, and K. S. Novoselov, “Detection of individual gas molecules adsorbed on graphene,” Nat. Mater.6(9), 652–655 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
A. K. Geim and K. S. Novoselov, “The rise of graphene,” Nat. Mater.6(3), 183–191 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Nat. Photonics

F. Bonaccorso, Z. Sun, T. Hasan, and A. C. Ferrari, “Graphene photonics and optoelectronics,” Nat. Photonics4(9), 611–622 (2010). [CrossRef]

Nature

K. S. Novoselov, A. K. Geim, S. V. Morozov, D. Jiang, M. I. Katsnelson, I. V. Grigorieva, S. V. Dubonos, and A. A. Firsov, “Two-dimensional gas of massless dirac fermions in graphene,” Nature438(7065), 197–200 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. C. Meyer, C. O. Girit, M. F. Crommie, and A. Zettl, “Imaging and dynamics of light atoms and molecules on graphene,” Nature454(7202), 319–322 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Opt. Express

Phys. Rev. B

O. Leenaerts, B. Partoens, and F. M. Peeters, “Adsorption of H2O, NH3, CO, NO2, and NO on graphene: a first-principles study,” Phys. Rev. B77(12), 125416 (2008). [CrossRef]

Phys. Rev. Lett.

A. C. Ferrari, J. C. Meyer, V. Scardaci, C. Casiraghi, M. Lazzeri, F. Mauri, S. Piscanec, D. Jiang, K. S. Novoselov, S. Roth, and A. K. Geim, “Raman spectrum of graphene and graphene layers,” Phys. Rev. Lett.97(18), 187401 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Rev. Mod. Phys.

A. H. Castro Neto, F. Guinea, N. M. R. Peres, K. S. Novoselov, and A. K. Geim, “The electronic properties of graphene,” Rev. Mod. Phys.81(1), 109–162 (2009). [CrossRef]

Science

K. S. Novoselov, A. K. Geim, S. V. Morozov, D. Jiang, Y. Zhang, S. V. Dubonos, I. V. Grigorieva, and A. A. Firsov, “Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films,” Science306(5696), 666–669 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
X. R. Wang, X. L. Li, L. Zhang, Y. Yoon, P. K. Weber, H. L. Wang, J. Guo, and H. J. Dai, “N-doping of graphene through electrothermal reactions with ammonia,” Science324(5928), 768–771 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Sens. Actuator, A

C. H. Huang, H. Y. Lin, Y. Tzeng, C. H. Fan, C. Y. Liu, C. Y. Li, C. W. Huang, N. K. Chen, and H. C. Chui, “Optical characteristics of pore size on porous anodic aluminium oxide films with embedded silver nanoparticles,” Sens. Actuator, A180, 49–54 (2012). [CrossRef]

Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem.

H. P. Boehm, A. Clauss, G. O. Fischer, and U. Hofmann, “The adsorption behavior of very thin carbon films,” Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem.316, 119–127 (1962). [CrossRef]

Other

W. Chen, C.-H. Tu, K.-C. Liang, C.-Y. Liu, C.-P. Liu, and Y. Tzeng, “Low-stress transfer of graphene and it tunable resistance by remote plasma treatments in hydrogen,” in Proceedings of IEEE Nanotechnology Conference, (Portland, OR, 2011), pp. 15–18.

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[1] K. S. Novoselov, A. K. Geim, S. V. Morozov, D. Jiang, M. I. Katsnelson, I. V. Grigorieva, S. V. Dubonos, and A. A. Firsov, “Two-dimensional gas of massless dirac fermions in graphene,” Nature438(7065), 197–200 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[2] H. P. Boehm, A. Clauss, G. O. Fischer, and U. Hofmann, “The adsorption behavior of very thin carbon films,” Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem.316, 119–127 (1962). [CrossRef]

[3] K. S. Novoselov, A. K. Geim, S. V. Morozov, D. Jiang, Y. Zhang, S. V. Dubonos, I. V. Grigorieva, and A. A. Firsov, “Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films,” Science306(5696), 666–669 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[4] A. K. Geim and K. S. Novoselov, “The rise of graphene,” Nat. Mater.6(3), 183–191 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[5] F. Bonaccorso, Z. Sun, T. Hasan, and A. C. Ferrari, “Graphene photonics and optoelectronics,” Nat. Photonics4(9), 611–622 (2010). [CrossRef]

[6] A. H. Castro Neto, F. Guinea, N. M. R. Peres, K. S. Novoselov, and A. K. Geim, “The electronic properties of graphene,” Rev. Mod. Phys.81(1), 109–162 (2009). [CrossRef]

[7] C. Biswas, F. Güneş, D. L. Duong, S. C. Lim, M. S. Jeong, D. Pribat, and Y. H. Lee, “Negative and positive persistent photoconductance in graphene,” Nano Lett.11(11), 4682–4687 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[8] F. Schedin, A. K. Geim, S. V. Morozov, E. W. Hill, P. Blake, M. I. Katsnelson, and K. S. Novoselov, “Detection of individual gas molecules adsorbed on graphene,” Nat. Mater.6(9), 652–655 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[9] O. Leenaerts, B. Partoens, and F. M. Peeters, “Adsorption of H2O, NH3, CO, NO2, and NO on graphene: a first-principles study,” Phys. Rev. B77(12), 125416 (2008). [CrossRef]

[10] J. C. Meyer, C. O. Girit, M. F. Crommie, and A. Zettl, “Imaging and dynamics of light atoms and molecules on graphene,” Nature454(7202), 319–322 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[11] A. C. Ferrari, J. C. Meyer, V. Scardaci, C. Casiraghi, M. Lazzeri, F. Mauri, S. Piscanec, D. Jiang, K. S. Novoselov, S. Roth, and A. K. Geim, “Raman spectrum of graphene and graphene layers,” Phys. Rev. Lett.97(18), 187401 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[12] W. Chen, C.-H. Tu, K.-C. Liang, C.-Y. Liu, C.-P. Liu, and Y. Tzeng, “Low-stress transfer of graphene and it tunable resistance by remote plasma treatments in hydrogen,” in Proceedings of IEEE Nanotechnology Conference, (Portland, OR, 2011), pp. 15–18.

[13] C. Y. Liu, K. C. Liang, W. L. Chen, C. H. Tu, C. P. Liu, and Y. Tzeng, “Plasmonic coupling of silver nanoparticles covered by hydrogen-terminated graphene for surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy,” Opt. Express19(18), 17092–17098 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[14] C. H. Huang, H. Y. Lin, Y. H. Tzeng, C. H. Fan, C. Y. Liu, C. Y. Li, C. W. Huang, and H. C. Chui, “Tunable photoconductivity of porous anodic aluminum oxide with silver nanoparticles,” Electrochem. Solid-State Lett.15(3), J14–J17 (2012). [CrossRef]

[15] X. R. Wang, X. L. Li, L. Zhang, Y. Yoon, P. K. Weber, H. L. Wang, J. Guo, and H. J. Dai, “N-doping of graphene through electrothermal reactions with ammonia,” Science324(5928), 768–771 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[16] C. H. Huang, H. Y. Lin, B. C. Lau, C. Y. Liu, H. C. Chui, and Y. Tzeng, “Plasmon-induced optical switching of electrical conductivity in porous anodic aluminum oxide films encapsulated with silver nanoparticle arrays,” Opt. Express18(26), 27891–27899 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[17] C. H. Huang, H. Y. Lin, Y. Tzeng, C. H. Fan, C. Y. Liu, C. Y. Li, C. W. Huang, N. K. Chen, and H. C. Chui, “Optical characteristics of pore size on porous anodic aluminium oxide films with embedded silver nanoparticles,” Sens. Actuator, A180, 49–54 (2012). [CrossRef]

[18] B. C. Lau, C. Y. Liu, H. Y. Lin, C. H. Huang, H. C. Chui, and Y. Tzeng, “Electrochemical fabrication of anodic aluminum oxide films with encapsulated silver nanoparticles as plasmonic photoconductors,” Electrochem. Solid-State Lett.14(5), E15–E17 (2011). [CrossRef]

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Effects of plasmonic coupling and electrical current on persistent photoconductivity of single-layer graphene on pristine and silver-nanoparticle-coated SiO2/Si