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A 2.5-mm diameter probe for photoacoustic and ultrasonic endoscopyJoon-Mo Yang, Ruimin Chen, Christopher Favazza, Junjie Yao, Chiye Li, Zhilin Hu, Qifa Zhou, K. Kirk Shung, and Lihong V. Wang »View Author Affiliations
Joon-Mo Yang,1,3
Ruimin Chen,2,3
Christopher Favazza,1
Junjie Yao,1
Chiye Li,1
Zhilin Hu,1
Qifa Zhou,2,4
K. Kirk Shung,2
and Lihong V. Wang1,*
1Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1097, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA 2NIH Ultrasonic Transducer Resource Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, University Park, DRB 130, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA 3These authors contributed equally to this work 4qifazhou@usc.edu *Corresponding author: lhwang@biomed.wustl.edu |
Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 21, pp. 23944-23953 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.023944
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Abstract
We have created a 2.5-mm outer diameter integrated photo-acoustic and ultrasonic mini-probe which can be inserted into a standard video endoscope’s instrument channel. A small-diameter focused ultrasonic transducer made of PMN-PT provides adequate signal sensitivity, and enables miniaturization of the probe. Additionally, this new endoscopic probe utilizes the same scanning mirror and micromotor-based built-in actuator described in our previous reports; however, the length of the rigid distal section of the new probe has been further reduced to ~35 mm. This paper describes the technical details of the mini-probe and presents experimental results that both quantify the imaging performance and demonstrate its in vivo imaging capability, which suggests that it could work as a mini-probe for certain clinical applications.
© 2012 OSA
OCIS Codes
(170.2150) Medical optics and biotechnology : Endoscopic imaging
(170.3880) Medical optics and biotechnology : Medical and biological imaging
(170.5120) Medical optics and biotechnology : Photoacoustic imaging
ToC Category:
Medical Optics and Biotechnology
History
Original Manuscript: August 2, 2012
Revised Manuscript: September 15, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: September 18, 2012
Published: October 4, 2012
Citation
Joon-Mo Yang, Ruimin Chen, Christopher Favazza, Junjie Yao, Chiye Li, Zhilin Hu, Qifa Zhou, K. Kirk Shung, and Lihong V. Wang, "A 2.5-mm diameter probe for photoacoustic and ultrasonic endoscopy," Opt. Express 20, 23944-23953 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-20-21-23944
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- M. R. Chatni, J. Yao, A. Danielli, C. P. Favazza, K. I. Maslov, and L. V. Wang, “Functional photoacoustic microscopy of pH,” J. Biomed. Opt.16(10), 100503 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. M. Yang, C. Favazza, R. Chen, J. Yao, X. Cai, K. Maslov, Q. Zhou, K. K. Shung, and L. V. Wang, “Simultaneous functional photoacoustic and ultrasonic endoscopy of internal organs in vivo,” Nat. Med.18(8), 1297–1302 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. M. Yang, C. Favazza, R. Chen, J. Yao, K. Maslov, X. Cai, Q. Zhou, K. K. Shung, and L. V. Wang, “Volumetric photoacoustic endoscopy of upper gastrointestinal tract: ultrasonic transducer technology development,” Proc. SPIE7899, 78990D, 78990D-6 (2011). [CrossRef]
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- X. Liu, M. J. Cobb, Y. Chen, M. B. Kimmey, and X. Li, “Rapid-scanning forward-imaging miniature endoscope for real-time optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Lett.29(15), 1763–1765 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Kim, E. Chung, H. Yamashita, K. E. Hung, A. Mizoguchi, R. Kucherlapati, D. Fukumura, R. K. Jain, and S. H. Yun, “In vivo wide-area cellular imaging by side-view endomicroscopy,” Nat. Methods7(4), 303–305 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- M. A. Yaseen, S. A. Ermilov, H. P. Brecht, R. Su, A. Conjusteau, M. Fronheiser, B. A. Bell, M. Motamedi, and A. A. Oraevsky, “Optoacoustic imaging of the prostate: development toward image-guided biopsy,” J. Biomed. Opt.15(2), 021310 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. C. Adler, Y. Chen, R. Huber, J. Schmitt, J. Connolly, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Three-dimensional endomicroscopy using optical coherence tomography,” Nat. Photonics1(12), 709–716 (2007). [CrossRef]
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- J. Yao, K. I. Maslov, Y. Zhang, Y. Xia, and L. V. Wang, “Label-free oxygen-metabolic photoacoustic microscopy in vivo,” J. Biomed. Opt.16(7), 076003 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. R. Chatni, J. Yao, A. Danielli, C. P. Favazza, K. I. Maslov, and L. V. Wang, “Functional photoacoustic microscopy of pH,” J. Biomed. Opt.16(10), 100503 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Yao, K. I. Maslov, Y. Shi, L. A. Taber, and L. V. Wang, “In vivo photoacoustic imaging of transverse blood flow by using Doppler broadening of bandwidth,” Opt. Lett.35(9), 1419–1421 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. A. Yaseen, S. A. Ermilov, H. P. Brecht, R. Su, A. Conjusteau, M. Fronheiser, B. A. Bell, M. Motamedi, and A. A. Oraevsky, “Optoacoustic imaging of the prostate: development toward image-guided biopsy,” J. Biomed. Opt.15(2), 021310 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Yoo, J. W. Kim, M. Shishkov, E. Namati, T. Morse, R. Shubochkin, J. R. McCarthy, V. Ntziachristos, B. E. Bouma, F. A. Jaffer, and G. J. Tearney, “Intra-arterial catheter for simultaneous microstructural and molecular imaging in vivo,” Nat. Med.17(12), 1680–1684 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Kim, E. Chung, H. Yamashita, K. E. Hung, A. Mizoguchi, R. Kucherlapati, D. Fukumura, R. K. Jain, and S. H. Yun, “In vivo wide-area cellular imaging by side-view endomicroscopy,” Nat. Methods7(4), 303–305 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. H. Yun, G. J. Tearney, B. J. Vakoc, M. Shishkov, W. Y. Oh, A. E. Desjardins, M. J. Suter, R. C. Chan, J. A. Evans, I. K. Jang, N. S. Nishioka, J. F. de Boer, and B. E. Bouma, “Comprehensive volumetric optical microscopy in vivo,” Nat. Med.12(12), 1429–1433 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Z. Zhang and P. C. Beard, “A miniature all-optical photoacoustic imaging probe,” Proc. SPIE7899, 78991F, 78991F-6 (2011). [CrossRef]
- J. Yao, K. I. Maslov, Y. Zhang, Y. Xia, and L. V. Wang, “Label-free oxygen-metabolic photoacoustic microscopy in vivo,” J. Biomed. Opt.16(7), 076003 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Wang, S. Hu, K. Maslov, Y. Zhang, Y. Xia, and L. V. Wang, “In vivo integrated photoacoustic and confocal microscopy of hemoglobin oxygen saturation and oxygen partial pressure,” Opt. Lett.36(7), 1029–1031 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. M. Yang, C. Favazza, R. Chen, J. Yao, X. Cai, K. Maslov, Q. Zhou, K. K. Shung, and L. V. Wang, “Simultaneous functional photoacoustic and ultrasonic endoscopy of internal organs in vivo,” Nat. Med.18(8), 1297–1302 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Yang, X. Li, T. Wang, P. D. Kumavor, A. Aguirre, K. K. Shung, Q. Zhou, M. Sanders, M. Brewer, and Q. Zhu, “Integrated optical coherence tomography, ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging for ovarian tissue characterization,” Biomed. Opt. Express2(9), 2551–2561 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. M. Yang, C. Favazza, R. Chen, J. Yao, K. Maslov, X. Cai, Q. Zhou, K. K. Shung, and L. V. Wang, “Volumetric photoacoustic endoscopy of upper gastrointestinal tract: ultrasonic transducer technology development,” Proc. SPIE7899, 78990D, 78990D-6 (2011). [CrossRef]
- J. M. Yang, K. Maslov, H. C. Yang, Q. Zhou, K. K. Shung, and L. V. Wang, “Photoacoustic endoscopy,” Opt. Lett.34(10), 1591–1593 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Q. Zhou, X. Xu, E. J. Gottlieb, L. Sun, J. M. Cannata, H. Ameri, M. S. Humayun, P. Han, and K. K. Shung, “PMN-PT single crystal, high-frequency ultrasonic needle transducers for pulsed-wave Doppler application,” IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control54(3), 668–675 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. G. Terry, Y. Zhu, M. T. Rinehart, W. J. Brown, S. C. Gebhart, S. Bright, E. Carretta, C. G. Ziefle, M. Panjehpour, J. Galanko, R. D. Madanick, E. S. Dellon, D. Trembath, A. Bennett, J. R. Goldblum, B. F. Overholt, J. T. Woosley, N. J. Shaheen, and A. Wax, “Detection of dysplasia in Barrett’s esophagus with in vivo depth-resolved nuclear morphology measurements,” Gastroenterology140(1), 42–50 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. G. Terry, Y. Zhu, M. T. Rinehart, W. J. Brown, S. C. Gebhart, S. Bright, E. Carretta, C. G. Ziefle, M. Panjehpour, J. Galanko, R. D. Madanick, E. S. Dellon, D. Trembath, A. Bennett, J. R. Goldblum, B. F. Overholt, J. T. Woosley, N. J. Shaheen, and A. Wax, “Detection of dysplasia in Barrett’s esophagus with in vivo depth-resolved nuclear morphology measurements,” Gastroenterology140(1), 42–50 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Am. J. Gastroenterol.
- J. Menzel and W. Domschke, “Gastrointestinal miniprobe sonography: the current status,” Am. J. Gastroenterol.95(3), 605–616 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Biomed. Opt. Express
- X. Wang, W. W. Roberts, P. L. Carson, D. P. Wood, and J. B. Fowlkes, “Photoacoustic tomography: a potential new tool for prostate cancer,” Biomed. Opt. Express1(4), 1117–1126 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Yang, X. Li, T. Wang, P. D. Kumavor, A. Aguirre, K. K. Shung, Q. Zhou, M. Sanders, M. Brewer, and Q. Zhu, “Integrated optical coherence tomography, ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging for ovarian tissue characterization,” Biomed. Opt. Express2(9), 2551–2561 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Gastroenterology
- R. Kiesslich, J. Burg, M. Vieth, J. Gnaendiger, M. Enders, P. Delaney, A. Polglase, W. McLaren, D. Janell, S. Thomas, B. Nafe, P. R. Galle, and M. F. Neurath, “Confocal laser endoscopy for diagnosing intraepithelial neoplasias and colorectal cancer in vivo,” Gastroenterology127(3), 706–713 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. G. Terry, Y. Zhu, M. T. Rinehart, W. J. Brown, S. C. Gebhart, S. Bright, E. Carretta, C. G. Ziefle, M. Panjehpour, J. Galanko, R. D. Madanick, E. S. Dellon, D. Trembath, A. Bennett, J. R. Goldblum, B. F. Overholt, J. T. Woosley, N. J. Shaheen, and A. Wax, “Detection of dysplasia in Barrett’s esophagus with in vivo depth-resolved nuclear morphology measurements,” Gastroenterology140(1), 42–50 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
IEEE J. Quantum Electron.
- B. Wang, J. L. Su, A. B. Karpiouk, K. V. Sokolov, R. W. Smalling, and S. Y. Emelianov, “Intravascular photoacoustic imaging,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron.16(3), 588–599 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control
- Q. Zhou, X. Xu, E. J. Gottlieb, L. Sun, J. M. Cannata, H. Ameri, M. S. Humayun, P. Han, and K. K. Shung, “PMN-PT single crystal, high-frequency ultrasonic needle transducers for pulsed-wave Doppler application,” IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control54(3), 668–675 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Interface Focus
- P. Beard, “Biomedical photoacoustic imaging,” Interface Focus1(4), 602–631 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Biomed. Opt.
- J. Yao, K. I. Maslov, Y. Zhang, Y. Xia, and L. V. Wang, “Label-free oxygen-metabolic photoacoustic microscopy in vivo,” J. Biomed. Opt.16(7), 076003 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Pramanik and L. V. Wang, “Thermoacoustic and photoacoustic sensing of temperature,” J. Biomed. Opt.14(5), 054024 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. R. Chatni, J. Yao, A. Danielli, C. P. Favazza, K. I. Maslov, and L. V. Wang, “Functional photoacoustic microscopy of pH,” J. Biomed. Opt.16(10), 100503 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Hu and L. V. Wang, “Photoacoustic imaging and characterization of the microvasculature,” J. Biomed. Opt.15(1), 011101 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. P. Favazza, L. A. Cornelius, and L. V. Wang, “In vivo functional photoacoustic microscopy of cutaneous microvasculature in human skin,” J. Biomed. Opt.16(2), 026004 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. J. Allen, A. Hall, A. P. Dhillon, J. S. Owen, and P. C. Beard, “Spectroscopic photoacoustic imaging of lipid-rich plaques in the human aorta in the 740 to 1400 nm wavelength range,” J. Biomed. Opt.17(6), 061209 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. A. Yaseen, S. A. Ermilov, H. P. Brecht, R. Su, A. Conjusteau, M. Fronheiser, B. A. Bell, M. Motamedi, and A. A. Oraevsky, “Optoacoustic imaging of the prostate: development toward image-guided biopsy,” J. Biomed. Opt.15(2), 021310 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Med. Phys.
- L. V. Wang, “Prospects of photoacoustic tomography,” Med. Phys.35(12), 5758–5767 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Mol. Imaging Biol.
- A. M. Winkler, P. F. Rice, J. Weichsel, J. M. Watson, M. V. Backer, J. M. Backer, and J. K. Barton, “In vivo, dual-modality OCT/LIF imaging using a novel VEGF receptor-targeted NIR fluorescent probe in the AOM-treated mouse model,” Mol. Imaging Biol.13(6), 1173–1182 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Nat. Med.
- H. Yoo, J. W. Kim, M. Shishkov, E. Namati, T. Morse, R. Shubochkin, J. R. McCarthy, V. Ntziachristos, B. E. Bouma, F. A. Jaffer, and G. J. Tearney, “Intra-arterial catheter for simultaneous microstructural and molecular imaging in vivo,” Nat. Med.17(12), 1680–1684 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. H. Yun, G. J. Tearney, B. J. Vakoc, M. Shishkov, W. Y. Oh, A. E. Desjardins, M. J. Suter, R. C. Chan, J. A. Evans, I. K. Jang, N. S. Nishioka, J. F. de Boer, and B. E. Bouma, “Comprehensive volumetric optical microscopy in vivo,” Nat. Med.12(12), 1429–1433 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. M. Yang, C. Favazza, R. Chen, J. Yao, X. Cai, K. Maslov, Q. Zhou, K. K. Shung, and L. V. Wang, “Simultaneous functional photoacoustic and ultrasonic endoscopy of internal organs in vivo,” Nat. Med.18(8), 1297–1302 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Qiu, D. K. Pleskow, R. Chuttani, E. Vitkin, J. Leyden, N. Ozden, S. Itani, L. Guo, A. Sacks, J. D. Goldsmith, M. D. Modell, E. B. Hanlon, I. Itzkan, and L. T. Perelman, “Multispectral scanning during endoscopy guides biopsy of dysplasia in Barrett’s esophagus,” Nat. Med.16(5), 603–606, 1p, 606 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Nat. Methods
- P. Kim, E. Chung, H. Yamashita, K. E. Hung, A. Mizoguchi, R. Kucherlapati, D. Fukumura, R. K. Jain, and S. H. Yun, “In vivo wide-area cellular imaging by side-view endomicroscopy,” Nat. Methods7(4), 303–305 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Nat. Photonics
- D. C. Adler, Y. Chen, R. Huber, J. Schmitt, J. Connolly, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Three-dimensional endomicroscopy using optical coherence tomography,” Nat. Photonics1(12), 709–716 (2007). [CrossRef]
- L. V. Wang, “Multiscale photoacoustic microscopy and computed tomography,” Nat. Photonics3(9), 503–509 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Opt. Express
- J. L. Su, B. Wang, and S. Y. Emelianov, “Photoacoustic imaging of coronary artery stents,” Opt. Express17(22), 19894–19901 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Y. Hsieh, S. L. Chen, T. Ling, L. J. Guo, and P. C. Li, “All-optical scanhead for ultrasound and photoacoustic dual-modality imaging,” Opt. Express20(2), 1588–1596 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Opt. Lett.
- B. Wang, A. Karpiouk, D. Yeager, J. Amirian, S. Litovsky, R. Smalling, and S. Emelianov, “Intravascular photoacoustic imaging of lipid in atherosclerotic plaques in the presence of luminal blood,” Opt. Lett.37(7), 1244–1246 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Jansen, A. F. van der Steen, H. M. van Beusekom, J. W. Oosterhuis, and G. van Soest, “Intravascular photoacoustic imaging of human coronary atherosclerosis,” Opt. Lett.36(5), 597–599 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Z. Guo, S. Hu, and L. V. Wang, “Calibration-free absolute quantification of optical absorption coefficients using acoustic spectra in 3D photoacoustic microscopy of biological tissue,” Opt. Lett.35(12), 2067–2069 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Yuan, S. Yang, and D. Xing, “Preclinical photoacoustic imaging endoscope based on acousto-optic coaxial system using ring transducer array,” Opt. Lett.35(13), 2266–2268 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Li, C. Chudoba, T. Ko, C. Pitris, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Imaging needle for optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Lett.25(20), 1520–1522 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Liu, M. J. Cobb, Y. Chen, M. B. Kimmey, and X. Li, “Rapid-scanning forward-imaging miniature endoscope for real-time optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Lett.29(15), 1763–1765 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. M. Yang, K. Maslov, H. C. Yang, Q. Zhou, K. K. Shung, and L. V. Wang, “Photoacoustic endoscopy,” Opt. Lett.34(10), 1591–1593 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Danielli, C. P. Favazza, K. Maslov, and L. V. Wang, “Single-wavelength functional photoacoustic microscopy in biological tissue,” Opt. Lett.36(5), 769–771 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Wang, S. Hu, K. Maslov, Y. Zhang, Y. Xia, and L. V. Wang, “In vivo integrated photoacoustic and confocal microscopy of hemoglobin oxygen saturation and oxygen partial pressure,” Opt. Lett.36(7), 1029–1031 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Hu, K. Maslov, and L. V. Wang, “Second-generation optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy with improved sensitivity and speed,” Opt. Lett.36(7), 1134–1136 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Yao, K. I. Maslov, Y. Shi, L. A. Taber, and L. V. Wang, “In vivo photoacoustic imaging of transverse blood flow by using Doppler broadening of bandwidth,” Opt. Lett.35(9), 1419–1421 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Phys. Med. Biol.
- C. Li and L. V. Wang, “Photoacoustic tomography and sensing in biomedicine,” Phys. Med. Biol.54(19), R59–R97 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Proc. SPIE
- J. M. Yang, C. Favazza, R. Chen, J. Yao, K. Maslov, X. Cai, Q. Zhou, K. K. Shung, and L. V. Wang, “Volumetric photoacoustic endoscopy of upper gastrointestinal tract: ultrasonic transducer technology development,” Proc. SPIE7899, 78990D, 78990D-6 (2011). [CrossRef]
- E. Z. Zhang and P. C. Beard, “A miniature all-optical photoacoustic imaging probe,” Proc. SPIE7899, 78991F, 78991F-6 (2011). [CrossRef]
Rev. Sci. Instrum.
- A. B. Karpiouk, B. Wang, and S. Y. Emelianov, “Development of a catheter for combined intravascular ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.81(1), 014901 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Science
- L. V. Wang and S. Hu, “Photoacoustic tomography: in vivo imaging from organelles to organs,” Science335(6075), 1458–1462 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. J. Tearney, M. E. Brezinski, B. E. Bouma, S. A. Boppart, C. Pitris, J. F. Southern, and J. G. Fujimoto, “In vivo endoscopic optical biopsy with optical coherence tomography,” Science276(5321), 2037–2039 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Other
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- Laser Institute of America, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers, ANSI Z136.1–2007 (American National Standards Institute, Inc., New York, NY, 2007).
2012, Wang, Science
- L. V. Wang and S. Hu, “Photoacoustic tomography: in vivo imaging from organelles to organs,” Science335(6075), 1458–1462 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. J. Allen, A. Hall, A. P. Dhillon, J. S. Owen, and P. C. Beard, “Spectroscopic photoacoustic imaging of lipid-rich plaques in the human aorta in the 740 to 1400 nm wavelength range,” J. Biomed. Opt.17(6), 061209 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. M. Yang, C. Favazza, R. Chen, J. Yao, X. Cai, K. Maslov, Q. Zhou, K. K. Shung, and L. V. Wang, “Simultaneous functional photoacoustic and ultrasonic endoscopy of internal organs in vivo,” Nat. Med.18(8), 1297–1302 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Yoo, J. W. Kim, M. Shishkov, E. Namati, T. Morse, R. Shubochkin, J. R. McCarthy, V. Ntziachristos, B. E. Bouma, F. A. Jaffer, and G. J. Tearney, “Intra-arterial catheter for simultaneous microstructural and molecular imaging in vivo,” Nat. Med.17(12), 1680–1684 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. M. Winkler, P. F. Rice, J. Weichsel, J. M. Watson, M. V. Backer, J. M. Backer, and J. K. Barton, “In vivo, dual-modality OCT/LIF imaging using a novel VEGF receptor-targeted NIR fluorescent probe in the AOM-treated mouse model,” Mol. Imaging Biol.13(6), 1173–1182 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Z. Zhang and P. C. Beard, “A miniature all-optical photoacoustic imaging probe,” Proc. SPIE7899, 78991F, 78991F-6 (2011). [CrossRef]
- N. G. Terry, Y. Zhu, M. T. Rinehart, W. J. Brown, S. C. Gebhart, S. Bright, E. Carretta, C. G. Ziefle, M. Panjehpour, J. Galanko, R. D. Madanick, E. S. Dellon, D. Trembath, A. Bennett, J. R. Goldblum, B. F. Overholt, J. T. Woosley, N. J. Shaheen, and A. Wax, “Detection of dysplasia in Barrett’s esophagus with in vivo depth-resolved nuclear morphology measurements,” Gastroenterology140(1), 42–50 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. M. Yang, C. Favazza, R. Chen, J. Yao, K. Maslov, X. Cai, Q. Zhou, K. K. Shung, and L. V. Wang, “Volumetric photoacoustic endoscopy of upper gastrointestinal tract: ultrasonic transducer technology development,” Proc. SPIE7899, 78990D, 78990D-6 (2011). [CrossRef]
- P. Beard, “Biomedical photoacoustic imaging,” Interface Focus1(4), 602–631 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. P. Favazza, L. A. Cornelius, and L. V. Wang, “In vivo functional photoacoustic microscopy of cutaneous microvasculature in human skin,” J. Biomed. Opt.16(2), 026004 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Yao, K. I. Maslov, Y. Zhang, Y. Xia, and L. V. Wang, “Label-free oxygen-metabolic photoacoustic microscopy in vivo,” J. Biomed. Opt.16(7), 076003 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. R. Chatni, J. Yao, A. Danielli, C. P. Favazza, K. I. Maslov, and L. V. Wang, “Functional photoacoustic microscopy of pH,” J. Biomed. Opt.16(10), 100503 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Hu and L. V. Wang, “Photoacoustic imaging and characterization of the microvasculature,” J. Biomed. Opt.15(1), 011101 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Wang, J. L. Su, A. B. Karpiouk, K. V. Sokolov, R. W. Smalling, and S. Y. Emelianov, “Intravascular photoacoustic imaging,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron.16(3), 588–599 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. B. Karpiouk, B. Wang, and S. Y. Emelianov, “Development of a catheter for combined intravascular ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.81(1), 014901 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. A. Yaseen, S. A. Ermilov, H. P. Brecht, R. Su, A. Conjusteau, M. Fronheiser, B. A. Bell, M. Motamedi, and A. A. Oraevsky, “Optoacoustic imaging of the prostate: development toward image-guided biopsy,” J. Biomed. Opt.15(2), 021310 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Kim, E. Chung, H. Yamashita, K. E. Hung, A. Mizoguchi, R. Kucherlapati, D. Fukumura, R. K. Jain, and S. H. Yun, “In vivo wide-area cellular imaging by side-view endomicroscopy,” Nat. Methods7(4), 303–305 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Qiu, D. K. Pleskow, R. Chuttani, E. Vitkin, J. Leyden, N. Ozden, S. Itani, L. Guo, A. Sacks, J. D. Goldsmith, M. D. Modell, E. B. Hanlon, I. Itzkan, and L. T. Perelman, “Multispectral scanning during endoscopy guides biopsy of dysplasia in Barrett’s esophagus,” Nat. Med.16(5), 603–606, 1p, 606 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. V. Wang, “Multiscale photoacoustic microscopy and computed tomography,” Nat. Photonics3(9), 503–509 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Li and L. V. Wang, “Photoacoustic tomography and sensing in biomedicine,” Phys. Med. Biol.54(19), R59–R97 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Pramanik and L. V. Wang, “Thermoacoustic and photoacoustic sensing of temperature,” J. Biomed. Opt.14(5), 054024 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. V. Wang, “Prospects of photoacoustic tomography,” Med. Phys.35(12), 5758–5767 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. H. Yun, G. J. Tearney, B. J. Vakoc, M. Shishkov, W. Y. Oh, A. E. Desjardins, M. J. Suter, R. C. Chan, J. A. Evans, I. K. Jang, N. S. Nishioka, J. F. de Boer, and B. E. Bouma, “Comprehensive volumetric optical microscopy in vivo,” Nat. Med.12(12), 1429–1433 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. C. Adler, Y. Chen, R. Huber, J. Schmitt, J. Connolly, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Three-dimensional endomicroscopy using optical coherence tomography,” Nat. Photonics1(12), 709–716 (2007). [CrossRef]
- Q. Zhou, X. Xu, E. J. Gottlieb, L. Sun, J. M. Cannata, H. Ameri, M. S. Humayun, P. Han, and K. K. Shung, “PMN-PT single crystal, high-frequency ultrasonic needle transducers for pulsed-wave Doppler application,” IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control54(3), 668–675 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Kiesslich, J. Burg, M. Vieth, J. Gnaendiger, M. Enders, P. Delaney, A. Polglase, W. McLaren, D. Janell, S. Thomas, B. Nafe, P. R. Galle, and M. F. Neurath, “Confocal laser endoscopy for diagnosing intraepithelial neoplasias and colorectal cancer in vivo,” Gastroenterology127(3), 706–713 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Menzel and W. Domschke, “Gastrointestinal miniprobe sonography: the current status,” Am. J. Gastroenterol.95(3), 605–616 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. J. Tearney, M. E. Brezinski, B. E. Bouma, S. A. Boppart, C. Pitris, J. F. Southern, and J. G. Fujimoto, “In vivo endoscopic optical biopsy with optical coherence tomography,” Science276(5321), 2037–2039 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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