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Mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in tapered chalcogenide fiber for producing octave-spanning frequency comb around 3 μmAlireza Marandi, Charles W. Rudy, Victor G. Plotnichenko, Evgeny M. Dianov, Konstantin L. Vodopyanov, and Robert L. Byer »View Author Affiliations
Alireza Marandi,1,*
Charles W. Rudy,1
Victor G. Plotnichenko,2
Evgeny M. Dianov,2
Konstantin L. Vodopyanov,1
and Robert L. Byer1
1E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA 2Fiber Optics Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia *Corresponding author: marandi@stanford.edu |
Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 22, pp. 24218-24225 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.024218
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Abstract
We demonstrate mid-infrared (mid-IR) supercontinuum generation (SCG) with instantaneous bandwidth from 2.2 to 5 μm at 40 dB below the peak, covering the wavelength range desirable for molecular spectroscopy and numerous other applications. The SCG occurs in a tapered As2S3 fiber prepared by in-situ tapering and is pumped by femtosecond pulses from the subharmonic of a mode-locked Er-doped fiber laser. Interference with a narrow linewidth c.w. laser verifies that the coherence properties of the near-IR frequency comb have been preserved through these cascaded nonlinear processes. With this approach stable broad mid-IR frequency combs can be derived from commercially available near-IR frequency combs without an extra stabilization mechanism.
© 2012 OSA
OCIS Codes
(190.4370) Nonlinear optics : Nonlinear optics, fibers
(320.6629) Ultrafast optics : Supercontinuum generation
ToC Category:
Ultrafast Optics
History
Original Manuscript: June 11, 2012
Revised Manuscript: August 14, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: September 30, 2012
Published: October 8, 2012
Virtual Issues
November 2, 2012 Spotlight on Optics
Citation
Alireza Marandi, Charles W. Rudy, Victor G. Plotnichenko, Evgeny M. Dianov, Konstantin L. Vodopyanov, and Robert L. Byer, "Mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in tapered chalcogenide fiber for producing octave-spanning frequency comb around 3 μm," Opt. Express 20, 24218-24225 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-20-22-24218
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References
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Aggarwal, I.
Aggarwal, I. D.
Agger, C.
Ahmad, R.
Alfanao, R. R.
Arpin, P.
Balslev-Clausen, D.
Bang, O.
Bellini, M.
Bernhardt, B.
Birks, T. A.
Brandon Shaw, L.
Brilland, L.
Byer, R. L.
Chen, M. C.
Churbanov, M. F.
Coen, S.
Colby, E.
Cordeiro, C. M. B.
Corwin, K. L.
Cronin-Golomb, M.
Dekker, S.
Dekker, S. A.
Dianov, E. M.
Diddams, S. A.
Domachuk, P.
Duan, Z.
Dudley, J. M.
Dupont, S.
Eggleton, B. J.
El-Amraoui, M.
England, R. J.
Fatome, J.
Fermann, M.
Fortier, C.
Gadret, G.
Gao, W.
Gattass, R. R.
Genty, G.
George, A. K.
Gohle, C.
Guelachvili, G.
Hansch, T. W.
Harbold, J. M.
Hartl, I.
Hollberg, L.
Holzwarth, R.
Hu, J.
Hudson, D. D.
Ilday, F. O.
Ischebeck, R.
Jackson, S. D.
Jacquet, P.
Jacquey, M.
Jiang, J.
Judge, A. C.
Jules, J. C.
Kapteyn, H. C.
Keiding, S. R.
Keilmann, F.
Kibler, B.
King, T. A.
Kirchner, M. S.
Knight, J. C.
Kobayashi, Y.
Leindecker, N.
Li, E.
Li, Y. W.
Liao, M.
Luan, F.
Luther-Davies, B.
Magi, E.
Magi, E. C.
Maliston, I. H.
Marandi, A.
Mbele, V.
McGuinness, C.
Menyuk, C. R.
Messaddeq, Y.
Moselund, P. M.
Murnane, M. M.
Nelson, J.
Newbury, N. R.
Nguyen, V. Q.
Noble, R.
Ohishi, Y.
Omenetto, F. G.
Ozawa, A.
Pervak, V.
Petersen, C.
Picque, N.
Plettner, T.
Plotnichenko, V. G.
Polacchini, C. F.
Popmintchev, T.
Qin, G.
Renversez, G.
Richardson, K.
Rochette, M.
Rodney, W. S.
Sanghera, J.
Sanghera, J. S.
Schliesser, A.
Schunemann, P. G.
Sears, C. M. S.
Shapiro, S. L.
Shaw, L. B.
Shiryaev, V. S.
Siemann, R. H.
Skripatchev, I.
Smektala, F.
Snopatin, G. E.
Spencer, J.
Suzuki, T.
Szpulak, M.
Taylor, J. R.
Thorpe, M. J.
Troles, J.
Tuniz, A.
Udem, T.
Vodopyanov, K. L.
Walz, D.
Wang, A.
Weber, K.
Windeler, R. S.
Wise, F. W.
Wolchover, N. A.
Xiong, C.
Yan, X.
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- D. D. Hudson, S. A. Dekker, E. C. Magi, A. C. Judge, S. D. Jackson, E. Li, J. S. Sanghera, L. B. Shaw, I. D. Aggarwal, and B. J. Eggleton, “Octave spanning supercontinuum in an As2S3 taper using ultralow pump pulse energy,” Opt. Lett.36, 1122–1124 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Hu, C. R. Menyuk, L. B. Shaw, J. S. Sanghera, and I. D. Aggarwal, “Maximizing the bandwidth of supercontinuum generation in As2Se3 chalcogenide fibers,” Opt. Express18, 6722–6739 (2010) [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Xiong, E. Magi, F. Luan, A. Tuniz, S. Dekker, J. S. Sanghera, L. B. Shaw, I. D. Aggarwal, and B. J. Eggleton, “Characterization of picosecond pulse nonlinear propagation in chalcogenide As2S3 fiber,” Appl. Opt.48, 5467–5474 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. M. Harbold, F. O. Ilday, F. W. Wise, J. S. Sanghera, V. Q. Nguyen, L. B. Shaw, and I. D. Aggarwal, “Highly nonlinear As-S-Se glasses for all-optical switching,” Opt. Lett.27, 119–121 (2002). [CrossRef]
- P. M. Moselund, C. Petersen, S. Dupont, C. Agger, O. Bang, and S. R. Keiding, “Supercontinuum: broad as a lamp, bright as a laser, now in the mid-infrared”, Proc. SPIE8381, 83811A (2012). [CrossRef]
- R. Ahmad and M. Rochette, “High efficiency and ultra broadband optical parametric four-wave mixing in chalcogenide-PMMA hybrid microwires,” Opt. Express.20, 9572–9580 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- M. El-Amraoui, J. Fatome, J. C. Jules, B. Kibler, G. Gadret, C. Fortier, F. Smektala, I. Skripatchev, C. F. Polacchini, Y. Messaddeq, J. Troles, L. Brilland, M. Szpulak, and G. Renversez, “Strong infrared spectral broadening in low-loss As-S chalcogenide suspended core microstructured optical fibers,” Opt. Express18, 4547–4556 (2010) [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Marandi, N. Leindecker, V. Pervak, R. L. Byer, and K. L. Vodopyanov, “Coherence properties of a broadband femtosecond mid-IR optical parametric oscillator operating at degeneracy,” Opt. Express20, 7255–7262 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- N. Leindecker, A. Marandi, R. L. Byer, and K. L. Vodopyanov, “Broadband degenerate OPO for mid-infrared frequency comb generation,” Opt. Express19, 6296–6302 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. M. S. Sears, E. Colby, R. J. England, R. Ischebeck, C. McGuinness, J. Nelson, R. Noble, R. H. Siemann, J. Spencer, D. Walz, T. Plettner, and R. L. Byer, “Phase stable net acceleration of electrons from a two-stage optical accelerator,” Phys. Rev. Lett.11, 101301 (2008).
- T. Popmintchev, M. C. Chen, P. Arpin, M. M. Murnane, and H. C. Kapteyn, “The attosecond nonlinear optics of bright coherent X-ray generation,” Nat. Photonics4, 822–832 (2010). [CrossRef]
- G. E. Snopatin, V. S. Shiryaev, V. G. Plotnichenko, E. M. Dianov, and M. F. Churbanov, “High-purity chalcogenide glasses for fiber optics,” Inorg. Mater.45, 1439–1460 (2009). [CrossRef]
- J. M. Dudley, G. Genty, and S. Coen, “Supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fiber,” Rev. Mod. Phys.78, 1135–1184 (2006). [CrossRef]
- K. L. Corwin, N. R. Newbury, J. M. Dudley, S. Coen, S. A. Diddams, K. Weber, and R. S. Windeler, “Fundamental noise limitations to supercontinuum generation in microstructure fiber,” Phys. Rev. Lett.90, 113904 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. M. Dudley and S. Coen, “Coherence properties of supercontinuum spectra generated in photonic crystal and tapered optical fibers,” Opt. Lett.27, 1180–1182 (2002). [CrossRef]
- C. M. S. Sears, E. Colby, R. J. England, R. Ischebeck, C. McGuinness, J. Nelson, R. Noble, R. H. Siemann, J. Spencer, D. Walz, T. Plettner, and R. L. Byer, “Phase stable net acceleration of electrons from a two-stage optical accelerator,” Phys. Rev. Lett.11, 101301 (2008).
- P. Domachuk, N. A. Wolchover, M. Cronin-Golomb, A. Wang, A. K. George, C. M. B. Cordeiro, J. C. Knight, and F. G. Omenetto, “Over 4000 nm bandwidth of mid-IR supercontinuum generation in sub-centimeter segments of highly nonlinear tellurite PCFs,” Opt. Express6, 7161–7168 (2008). [CrossRef]
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- P. Domachuk, N. A. Wolchover, M. Cronin-Golomb, A. Wang, A. K. George, C. M. B. Cordeiro, J. C. Knight, and F. G. Omenetto, “Over 4000 nm bandwidth of mid-IR supercontinuum generation in sub-centimeter segments of highly nonlinear tellurite PCFs,” Opt. Express6, 7161–7168 (2008). [CrossRef]
- G. E. Snopatin, V. S. Shiryaev, V. G. Plotnichenko, E. M. Dianov, and M. F. Churbanov, “High-purity chalcogenide glasses for fiber optics,” Inorg. Mater.45, 1439–1460 (2009). [CrossRef]
- S. A. Diddams, L. Hollberg, and V. Mbele, “Molecular fingerprinting with the resolved modes of a femtosecond laser frequency comb,” Nature445, 627–630 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. L. Corwin, N. R. Newbury, J. M. Dudley, S. Coen, S. A. Diddams, K. Weber, and R. S. Windeler, “Fundamental noise limitations to supercontinuum generation in microstructure fiber,” Phys. Rev. Lett.90, 113904 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Domachuk, N. A. Wolchover, M. Cronin-Golomb, A. Wang, A. K. George, C. M. B. Cordeiro, J. C. Knight, and F. G. Omenetto, “Over 4000 nm bandwidth of mid-IR supercontinuum generation in sub-centimeter segments of highly nonlinear tellurite PCFs,” Opt. Express6, 7161–7168 (2008). [CrossRef]
- J. M. Dudley, G. Genty, and S. Coen, “Supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fiber,” Rev. Mod. Phys.78, 1135–1184 (2006). [CrossRef]
- K. L. Corwin, N. R. Newbury, J. M. Dudley, S. Coen, S. A. Diddams, K. Weber, and R. S. Windeler, “Fundamental noise limitations to supercontinuum generation in microstructure fiber,” Phys. Rev. Lett.90, 113904 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. M. Dudley and S. Coen, “Coherence properties of supercontinuum spectra generated in photonic crystal and tapered optical fibers,” Opt. Lett.27, 1180–1182 (2002). [CrossRef]
- J. M. Dudley and J. R. Taylor, Supercontinuum generation in optical fibers (Cambridge University Press, 2010). [CrossRef]
- P. M. Moselund, C. Petersen, S. Dupont, C. Agger, O. Bang, and S. R. Keiding, “Supercontinuum: broad as a lamp, bright as a laser, now in the mid-infrared”, Proc. SPIE8381, 83811A (2012). [CrossRef]
- B. J. Eggleton, B. Luther-Davies, and K. Richardson, “Chalcogenide photonics,” Nat. Photonics5, 141148 (2011).
- D. D. Hudson, S. A. Dekker, E. C. Magi, A. C. Judge, S. D. Jackson, E. Li, J. S. Sanghera, L. B. Shaw, I. D. Aggarwal, and B. J. Eggleton, “Octave spanning supercontinuum in an As2S3 taper using ultralow pump pulse energy,” Opt. Lett.36, 1122–1124 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Xiong, E. Magi, F. Luan, A. Tuniz, S. Dekker, J. S. Sanghera, L. B. Shaw, I. D. Aggarwal, and B. J. Eggleton, “Characterization of picosecond pulse nonlinear propagation in chalcogenide As2S3 fiber,” Appl. Opt.48, 5467–5474 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. El-Amraoui, J. Fatome, J. C. Jules, B. Kibler, G. Gadret, C. Fortier, F. Smektala, I. Skripatchev, C. F. Polacchini, Y. Messaddeq, J. Troles, L. Brilland, M. Szpulak, and G. Renversez, “Strong infrared spectral broadening in low-loss As-S chalcogenide suspended core microstructured optical fibers,” Opt. Express18, 4547–4556 (2010) [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. M. S. Sears, E. Colby, R. J. England, R. Ischebeck, C. McGuinness, J. Nelson, R. Noble, R. H. Siemann, J. Spencer, D. Walz, T. Plettner, and R. L. Byer, “Phase stable net acceleration of electrons from a two-stage optical accelerator,” Phys. Rev. Lett.11, 101301 (2008).
- M. El-Amraoui, J. Fatome, J. C. Jules, B. Kibler, G. Gadret, C. Fortier, F. Smektala, I. Skripatchev, C. F. Polacchini, Y. Messaddeq, J. Troles, L. Brilland, M. Szpulak, and G. Renversez, “Strong infrared spectral broadening in low-loss As-S chalcogenide suspended core microstructured optical fibers,” Opt. Express18, 4547–4556 (2010) [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. El-Amraoui, J. Fatome, J. C. Jules, B. Kibler, G. Gadret, C. Fortier, F. Smektala, I. Skripatchev, C. F. Polacchini, Y. Messaddeq, J. Troles, L. Brilland, M. Szpulak, and G. Renversez, “Strong infrared spectral broadening in low-loss As-S chalcogenide suspended core microstructured optical fibers,” Opt. Express18, 4547–4556 (2010) [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. El-Amraoui, J. Fatome, J. C. Jules, B. Kibler, G. Gadret, C. Fortier, F. Smektala, I. Skripatchev, C. F. Polacchini, Y. Messaddeq, J. Troles, L. Brilland, M. Szpulak, and G. Renversez, “Strong infrared spectral broadening in low-loss As-S chalcogenide suspended core microstructured optical fibers,” Opt. Express18, 4547–4556 (2010) [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Brandon Shaw, R. R. Gattass, J. Sanghera, and I. Aggarwal, “All-fiber mid-IR supercontinuum source from 1.5 to 5 μm,” Proc. SPIE7914, 79140P (2011). [CrossRef]
- J. M. Dudley, G. Genty, and S. Coen, “Supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fiber,” Rev. Mod. Phys.78, 1135–1184 (2006). [CrossRef]
- P. Domachuk, N. A. Wolchover, M. Cronin-Golomb, A. Wang, A. K. George, C. M. B. Cordeiro, J. C. Knight, and F. G. Omenetto, “Over 4000 nm bandwidth of mid-IR supercontinuum generation in sub-centimeter segments of highly nonlinear tellurite PCFs,” Opt. Express6, 7161–7168 (2008). [CrossRef]
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Nature
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