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1. X. Gong, W. Ma, J. C. Ostrowski, G. C. Bazan, D. Moses, and A. J. Heeger, “White electrophosphorescence from semiconducting polymer blends,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)16(7), 615–619 (2004). [CrossRef]
2. B. W. D'Andrade and S. R. Forrest, “White organic light-emitting devices for solid-state lighting,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)16(18), 1585–1595 (2004). [CrossRef]
3. A. Liedtke, M. O’Neill, A. Wertmöller, S. P. Kitney, and S. M. Kelly, “White-light OLEDs using liquid crystal polymer networks,” Chem. Mater.20(11), 3579–3586 (2008). [CrossRef]
4. J. Kido, K. Hongawa, K. Okuyama, and K. Nagai, “White light‐emitting organic electroluminescent devices using the poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) emitter layer doped with three fluorescent deyes,” Appl. Phys. Lett.64(7), 815–817 (1994). [CrossRef]
5. J. Kido, H. Shionoya, and K. Nagai, “White light‐emitting organic electroluminescent devices based on dye‐dispersed poly(N‐vinylcarbazole),” Appl. Phys. Lett.67(16), 2281–2283 (1995). [CrossRef]
6. J. H. Kim, P. Herguth, M.-S. Kang, A. K. Y. Jen, Y.-H. Tseng, and C.-F. Shu, “Bright white light electroluminescent devices based on a dye-dispersed polyfluorene derivative,” Appl. Phys. Lett.85(7), 1116–1118 (2004). [CrossRef]
7. S. Kim, J. Seo, H. K. Jung, J. J. Kim, and S. Y. Park, “White luminescence from polymer thin films containing excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer dyes,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)17(17), 2077–2082 (2005). [CrossRef]
8. M. A. Baldo, S. Lamansky, P. E. Burrows, M. E. Thompson, and S. R. Forrest, “Very high-efficiency green organic light-emitting devices based on electrophosphorescence,” Appl. Phys. Lett.75(1), 4–6 (1999). [CrossRef]
9. X. Gong, S. Wang, D. Moses, G. C. Bazan, and A. J. Heeger, “Multilayer polymer light-emitting diodes: white-light emission with high efficiency,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)17(17), 2053–2058 (2005). [CrossRef]
10. T. H. Kim, H. K. Lee, O. O. Park, B. D. Chin, S. H. Lee, and K. Kim, “White-light-emitting diodes based on iridium complexes via efficient energy transfer from a conjugated polymer,” Adv. Funct. Mater.16(5), 611–617 (2006). [CrossRef]
11. G. L. Tu, C. Y. Mei, Q. G. Zhou, Y. X. Cheng, Y. H. Geng, L. X. Wang, D. G. Ma, X. B. Jing, and F. S. Wang, “Highly efficient pure-white-light-emitting diodes from a single polymer: polyfluorene with naphthalimide moieties,” Adv. Funct. Mater.16(1), 101–106 (2006). [CrossRef]
12. S. J. Bai, C. C. Wu, T. D. Dang, F. E. Arnold, and B. Sakaran, “Tunable and white light-emitting diodes of monolayer fluorinated benzoxazole graft copolymers,” Appl. Phys. Lett.84(10), 1656–1658 (2004). [CrossRef]
13. Y.-Z. Lee, X. Chen, M.-C. Chen, S.-A. Chen, J.-H. Hsu, and W. Fann, “White-light electroluminescence from soluble oxadiazole-containing phenylene vinylene ether-linkage copolymer,” Appl. Phys. Lett.79(3), 308–310 (2001). [CrossRef]
14. V. Vaenkatesan, R. T. Wegh, J.-P. Teunissen, J. Lub, C. W. M. Bastiaansen, and D. J. Broer, “Improving the brightness and daylight contrast of organic light-emitting diodes,” Adv. Funct. Mater.15(1), 138–142 (2005). [CrossRef]
15. E. Peeters, M. P. T. Christiaans, R. A. J. Janssen, H. F. M. Schoo, H. P. J. M. Dekkers, and E. W. Meijer, “Circularly polarized electroluminescence from a polymer light-emitting diode,” J. Am. Chem. Soc.119(41), 9909–9910 (1997). [CrossRef]
16. M. Oda, H. G. Nothofer, G. Lieser, U. Scherf, S. C. J. Meskers, and D. Neher, “Circularly polarized electroluminescence from liquid-crystalline chiral polyfluorenes,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)12(5), 362–365 (2000). [CrossRef]
17. S. V. Belayev, M. Schadt, M. I. Barnik, J. Funfschilling, N. V. Malimoneko, and K. Schmitt, “Large aperture polarized light source and novel liquid crystal display operating modes,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.29(Part 2, No. 4), L634–L637 (1990). [CrossRef]
18. M. Grell, M. Oda, K. S. Whitehead, A. Asimakis, D. Neher, and D. D. C. Bradley, “A compact device for the efficient, electrically driven generation of highly circularly polarized light,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)13(8), 577–580 (2001). [CrossRef]
19. S. M. Jeong, Y. Ohtsuka, N. Y. Ha, Y. Takanishi, K. Ishikawa, H. Takezoe, S. Nishimura, and G. Suzaki, “Highly circularly polarized electroluminescence from organic light-emitting diodes with wide-band reflective polymeric cholesteric liquid crystal films,” Appl. Phys. Lett.90(21), 211106 (2007). [CrossRef]
20. P. G. d. Gennes and J. Prost, The Physics of Liquid Crystals (Clarendon Press: 1995).
21. S. Chandrasekhar, Frontmatter Liquid Crystals (Cambridge University Press: 1992).
22. M. Belalia, M. Mitov, C. Bourgerette, A. Krallafa, M. Belhakem, and D. Bormann, “Cholesteric liquid crystals with a helical pitch gradient: spatial distribution of the concentration of chiral groups by raman mapping in relation with the optical response and the microstructure,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys.74(5), 051704 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
23. M. G. Chee, M. H. Song, D. Kim, H. Takezoe, and I. J. Chung, “Lowring lasing threshold in chiral nematic liquid crystal structure with different anisotropies,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.46(18), L437–L439 (2007). [CrossRef]
24. M. H. Song, N. Y. Ha, K. Amemiya, B. Park, Y. Takanishi, K. Ishikawa, J. W. Wu, S. Nishimura, T. Toyooka, and H. Takezoe, “Defect mode lasing with lowered threshold in a three-layered hetero cholesteric liquid crystal structure,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)18(2), 193–197 (2006). [CrossRef]
25. N. Y. Ha, Y. Ohtsuka, S. M. Jeong, S. Nishimura, G. Suzaki, Y. Takanishi, K. Ishikawa, and H. Takezoe, “Electro-tunable optical diode based on photonic bandgap liquid-crystal heterojunctions,” Nat. Mater.4, 383–387 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
26. M. H. Song, B. Park, S. Nishimura, T. Toyooka, I. J. Chung, Y. Takanishi, K. Ishikawa, and H. Takezoe, “Electrotunable non-reciprocal laser emission from a liquid-crystal photonic device,” Adv. Funct. Mater.16(14), 1793–1798 (2006). [CrossRef]
27. M. Lee, H. Jang, S.-W. Choi, and K. Song, “Direct observation of pitch gradient in cholesteric liquid crystal film using fourier transform infrared spectroscopic imaging,” Bull. Korean Chem. Soc.30(7), 1625–1627 (2009). [CrossRef]
28. M. Lee, H. Jang, S.-W. Choi, and K. Song, “Fabrication of broadband cholesteric liquid crystal films by photopolymerization-induced phase separation,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. (Phila. Pa.)530(1), 169–174 (2010). [CrossRef]
29. L. M. Popescu, P. van 't Hof, A. B. Sieval, H. T. Jonkman, and J. C. Hummelen, “Thienyl analog of 1-(3-methoxycarbonyl)Propyl-1-Phenyl-[6,6]-methanofullerene for bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices in combination with polythiophenes,” Appl. Phys. Lett.89(21), 213507 (2006). [CrossRef]
30. M. Geoghegan, H. Ermer, G. Jüngst, G. Krausch, and R. Brenn, “Wetting in a phase separating polymer blend film: quench depth dependence,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Phys. Plasmas Fluids Relat. Interdiscip. Topics62(11 Pt B), 940–950 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
31. areJ.-C. Kuhlmann, P. Bruyn, R. K. M. Bouwer, A. Meetsma, P. W. M. Blom, and J. C. Hummelen, “Improving the compatibility of fullerene acceptors with fluorene-containing donor-polymers in organic photovoltaic devices,” Chem. Commun. (Camb.)46(38), 7232–7234 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
32. B. Wieb Van Der Meer, G. C. I., S.-Y. Simon Chen, Resonance Energy Transfer, Theory and Data (VCH, Weinheim, Germany 1994).
33. J. P. Yang, Y. D. Jin, P. L. Heremans, R. Hoefnagels, P. Dieltiens, F. Blockhuys, H. J. Geise, M. Van der Auweraer, and G. Borghs, “White light emission from a single layer organic light emitting diode fabricated by spincoating,” Chem. Phys. Lett.325(1-3), 251–256 (2000). [CrossRef]

Adv. Funct. Mater.

• T. H. Kim, H. K. Lee, O. O. Park, B. D. Chin, S. H. Lee, and K. Kim, “White-light-emitting diodes based on iridium complexes via efficient energy transfer from a conjugated polymer,” Adv. Funct. Mater.16(5), 611–617 (2006). [CrossRef]
• G. L. Tu, C. Y. Mei, Q. G. Zhou, Y. X. Cheng, Y. H. Geng, L. X. Wang, D. G. Ma, X. B. Jing, and F. S. Wang, “Highly efficient pure-white-light-emitting diodes from a single polymer: polyfluorene with naphthalimide moieties,” Adv. Funct. Mater.16(1), 101–106 (2006). [CrossRef]
• V. Vaenkatesan, R. T. Wegh, J.-P. Teunissen, J. Lub, C. W. M. Bastiaansen, and D. J. Broer, “Improving the brightness and daylight contrast of organic light-emitting diodes,” Adv. Funct. Mater.15(1), 138–142 (2005). [CrossRef]
• M. H. Song, B. Park, S. Nishimura, T. Toyooka, I. J. Chung, Y. Takanishi, K. Ishikawa, and H. Takezoe, “Electrotunable non-reciprocal laser emission from a liquid-crystal photonic device,” Adv. Funct. Mater.16(14), 1793–1798 (2006). [CrossRef]

Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)

• M. H. Song, N. Y. Ha, K. Amemiya, B. Park, Y. Takanishi, K. Ishikawa, J. W. Wu, S. Nishimura, T. Toyooka, and H. Takezoe, “Defect mode lasing with lowered threshold in a three-layered hetero cholesteric liquid crystal structure,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)18(2), 193–197 (2006). [CrossRef]
• M. Oda, H. G. Nothofer, G. Lieser, U. Scherf, S. C. J. Meskers, and D. Neher, “Circularly polarized electroluminescence from liquid-crystalline chiral polyfluorenes,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)12(5), 362–365 (2000). [CrossRef]
• X. Gong, S. Wang, D. Moses, G. C. Bazan, and A. J. Heeger, “Multilayer polymer light-emitting diodes: white-light emission with high efficiency,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)17(17), 2053–2058 (2005). [CrossRef]
• S. Kim, J. Seo, H. K. Jung, J. J. Kim, and S. Y. Park, “White luminescence from polymer thin films containing excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer dyes,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)17(17), 2077–2082 (2005). [CrossRef]
• M. Grell, M. Oda, K. S. Whitehead, A. Asimakis, D. Neher, and D. D. C. Bradley, “A compact device for the efficient, electrically driven generation of highly circularly polarized light,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)13(8), 577–580 (2001). [CrossRef]
• X. Gong, W. Ma, J. C. Ostrowski, G. C. Bazan, D. Moses, and A. J. Heeger, “White electrophosphorescence from semiconducting polymer blends,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)16(7), 615–619 (2004). [CrossRef]
• B. W. D'Andrade and S. R. Forrest, “White organic light-emitting devices for solid-state lighting,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)16(18), 1585–1595 (2004). [CrossRef]

Appl. Phys. Lett.

• J. Kido, K. Hongawa, K. Okuyama, and K. Nagai, “White light‐emitting organic electroluminescent devices using the poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) emitter layer doped with three fluorescent deyes,” Appl. Phys. Lett.64(7), 815–817 (1994). [CrossRef]
• J. Kido, H. Shionoya, and K. Nagai, “White light‐emitting organic electroluminescent devices based on dye‐dispersed poly(N‐vinylcarbazole),” Appl. Phys. Lett.67(16), 2281–2283 (1995). [CrossRef]
• J. H. Kim, P. Herguth, M.-S. Kang, A. K. Y. Jen, Y.-H. Tseng, and C.-F. Shu, “Bright white light electroluminescent devices based on a dye-dispersed polyfluorene derivative,” Appl. Phys. Lett.85(7), 1116–1118 (2004). [CrossRef]
• S. J. Bai, C. C. Wu, T. D. Dang, F. E. Arnold, and B. Sakaran, “Tunable and white light-emitting diodes of monolayer fluorinated benzoxazole graft copolymers,” Appl. Phys. Lett.84(10), 1656–1658 (2004). [CrossRef]
• Y.-Z. Lee, X. Chen, M.-C. Chen, S.-A. Chen, J.-H. Hsu, and W. Fann, “White-light electroluminescence from soluble oxadiazole-containing phenylene vinylene ether-linkage copolymer,” Appl. Phys. Lett.79(3), 308–310 (2001). [CrossRef]
• S. M. Jeong, Y. Ohtsuka, N. Y. Ha, Y. Takanishi, K. Ishikawa, H. Takezoe, S. Nishimura, and G. Suzaki, “Highly circularly polarized electroluminescence from organic light-emitting diodes with wide-band reflective polymeric cholesteric liquid crystal films,” Appl. Phys. Lett.90(21), 211106 (2007). [CrossRef]
• M. A. Baldo, S. Lamansky, P. E. Burrows, M. E. Thompson, and S. R. Forrest, “Very high-efficiency green organic light-emitting devices based on electrophosphorescence,” Appl. Phys. Lett.75(1), 4–6 (1999). [CrossRef]
• L. M. Popescu, P. van 't Hof, A. B. Sieval, H. T. Jonkman, and J. C. Hummelen, “Thienyl analog of 1-(3-methoxycarbonyl)Propyl-1-Phenyl-[6,6]-methanofullerene for bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices in combination with polythiophenes,” Appl. Phys. Lett.89(21), 213507 (2006). [CrossRef]

Bull. Korean Chem. Soc.

• M. Lee, H. Jang, S.-W. Choi, and K. Song, “Direct observation of pitch gradient in cholesteric liquid crystal film using fourier transform infrared spectroscopic imaging,” Bull. Korean Chem. Soc.30(7), 1625–1627 (2009). [CrossRef]

Chem. Commun. (Camb.)

• areJ.-C. Kuhlmann, P. Bruyn, R. K. M. Bouwer, A. Meetsma, P. W. M. Blom, and J. C. Hummelen, “Improving the compatibility of fullerene acceptors with fluorene-containing donor-polymers in organic photovoltaic devices,” Chem. Commun. (Camb.)46(38), 7232–7234 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Chem. Mater.

• A. Liedtke, M. O’Neill, A. Wertmöller, S. P. Kitney, and S. M. Kelly, “White-light OLEDs using liquid crystal polymer networks,” Chem. Mater.20(11), 3579–3586 (2008). [CrossRef]

Chem. Phys. Lett.

• J. P. Yang, Y. D. Jin, P. L. Heremans, R. Hoefnagels, P. Dieltiens, F. Blockhuys, H. J. Geise, M. Van der Auweraer, and G. Borghs, “White light emission from a single layer organic light emitting diode fabricated by spincoating,” Chem. Phys. Lett.325(1-3), 251–256 (2000). [CrossRef]

J. Am. Chem. Soc.

• E. Peeters, M. P. T. Christiaans, R. A. J. Janssen, H. F. M. Schoo, H. P. J. M. Dekkers, and E. W. Meijer, “Circularly polarized electroluminescence from a polymer light-emitting diode,” J. Am. Chem. Soc.119(41), 9909–9910 (1997). [CrossRef]

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

• M. G. Chee, M. H. Song, D. Kim, H. Takezoe, and I. J. Chung, “Lowring lasing threshold in chiral nematic liquid crystal structure with different anisotropies,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.46(18), L437–L439 (2007). [CrossRef]
• S. V. Belayev, M. Schadt, M. I. Barnik, J. Funfschilling, N. V. Malimoneko, and K. Schmitt, “Large aperture polarized light source and novel liquid crystal display operating modes,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.29(Part 2, No. 4), L634–L637 (1990). [CrossRef]

Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. (Phila. Pa.)

• M. Lee, H. Jang, S.-W. Choi, and K. Song, “Fabrication of broadband cholesteric liquid crystal films by photopolymerization-induced phase separation,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. (Phila. Pa.)530(1), 169–174 (2010). [CrossRef]

Nat. Mater.

• N. Y. Ha, Y. Ohtsuka, S. M. Jeong, S. Nishimura, G. Suzaki, Y. Takanishi, K. Ishikawa, and H. Takezoe, “Electro-tunable optical diode based on photonic bandgap liquid-crystal heterojunctions,” Nat. Mater.4, 383–387 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys.

• M. Belalia, M. Mitov, C. Bourgerette, A. Krallafa, M. Belhakem, and D. Bormann, “Cholesteric liquid crystals with a helical pitch gradient: spatial distribution of the concentration of chiral groups by raman mapping in relation with the optical response and the microstructure,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys.74(5), 051704 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Phys. Rev. E Stat. Phys. Plasmas Fluids Relat. Interdiscip. Topics

• M. Geoghegan, H. Ermer, G. Jüngst, G. Krausch, and R. Brenn, “Wetting in a phase separating polymer blend film: quench depth dependence,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Phys. Plasmas Fluids Relat. Interdiscip. Topics62(11 Pt B), 940–950 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Other

• B. Wieb Van Der Meer, G. C. I., S.-Y. Simon Chen, Resonance Energy Transfer, Theory and Data (VCH, Weinheim, Germany 1994).
• P. G. d. Gennes and J. Prost, The Physics of Liquid Crystals (Clarendon Press: 1995).
• S. Chandrasekhar, Frontmatter Liquid Crystals (Cambridge University Press: 1992).

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