Analysis of the feed-forward method for the referencing of a CW laser to a frequency comb

doi:10.1364/OE.20.024880

Analysis of the feed-forward method for the referencing of a CW laser to a frequency comb

D. Gatti, T. Sala, A. Gambetta, N. Coluccelli, G. Nunzi Conti, G. Galzerano, P. Laporta, and M. Marangoni »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 22, pp. 24880-24885 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.024880

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Abstract
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Abstract

We report on a comprehensive theoretical and experimental analysis of the feed-forward method for external frequency stabilization of a continuous wave laser against a frequency comb. Application of the method to a distributed feedback diode laser at 1.55 μm allows line narrowing from 800 to 10 kHz, with frequency noise reduction by more than 2 decades up to a Fourier frequency of 100 kHz and a maximum control bandwidth of 0.8 MHz. The results are consistent with a relative phase fluctuation of 1.4 rad rms, as limited by uncompensated high-frequency noise of the slave laser.

OCIS Codes
(120.3930) Instrumentation, measurement, and metrology : Metrological instrumentation
(230.1040) Optical devices : Acousto-optical devices
(300.3700) Spectroscopy : Linewidth

ToC Category:
Instrumentation, Measurement, and Metrology

History
Original Manuscript: August 14, 2012
Revised Manuscript: October 8, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: October 9, 2012
Published: October 16, 2012

Citation
D. Gatti, T. Sala, A. Gambetta, N. Coluccelli, G. Nunzi Conti, G. Galzerano, P. Laporta, and M. Marangoni, "Analysis of the feed-forward method for the referencing of a CW laser to a frequency comb," Opt. Express 20, 24880-24885 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-20-22-24880

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References

S. A. Diddams, “The evolving optical frequency comb,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B27(11), B51–B62 (2010). [CrossRef]
V. Ahtee, M. Merimaa, and K. Nyholm, “Precision spectroscopy of acetylene transitions using an optical frequency synthesizer,” Opt. Lett.34(17), 2619–2621 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
A. Gambetta, D. Gatti, A. Castrillo, G. Galzerano, P. Laporta, L. Gianfrani, and M. Marangoni, “Mid-infrared quantitative spectroscopy by comb-referencing of a quantum-cascade-laser: Application to the CO2 spectrum at 4.3 μm,” Appl. Phys. Lett.99(25), 251107 (2011). [CrossRef]
C. P. McRaven, M. J. Cich, G. V. Lopez, T. J. Sears, D. Hurtmans, and A. W. Mantz, “Frequency comb-referenced measurements of self- and nitrogen-broadening in the ν1 + ν3 band of acetylene,” J. Mol. Spectrosc.266(1), 43–51 (2011). [CrossRef]
C. G. Parthey, A. Matveev, J. Alnis, B. Bernhardt, A. Beyer, R. Holzwarth, A. Maistrou, R. Pohl, K. Predehl, T. Udem, T. Wilken, N. Kolachevsky, M. Abgrall, D. Rovera, C. Salomon, P. Laurent, and T. W. Hänsch, “Improved Measurement of the Hydrogen 1S-2S Transition Frequency,” Phys. Rev. Lett.107(20), 203001 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
F. L. Hong, A. Onae, J. Jiang, R. Guo, H. Inaba, K. Minoshima, T. R. Schibli, H. Matsumoto, and K. Nakagawa, “Absolute frequency measurement of an acetylene-stabilized laser at 1542 nm,” Opt. Lett.28(23), 2324–2326 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. D. Jost, J. L. Hall, and J. Ye, “Continuously tunable, precise, single frequency optical signal generator,” Opt. Express10(12), 515–520 (2002). [PubMed]
L. Matos, O. D. Mücke, J. Chen, and F. X. Kärtner, “Carrier-envelope phase dynamics and noise analysis in octave-spanning Ti:sapphire lasers,” Opt. Express14(6), 2497–2511 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. L. Hall and T. W. Hänsch, “External dye-laser frequency stabilizer,” Opt. Lett.9(11), 502–504 (1984). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
S. Koke, C. Grebing, H. Frei, A. Anderson, A. Assion, and G. Steinmeyer, “Direct frequency comb synthesis with arbitrary offset and shot-noise-limited phase noise,” Nat. Photonics4(7), 462–465 (2010). [CrossRef]
F. Lücking, A. Assion, A. Apolonski, F. Krausz, and G. Steinmeyer, “Long-term carrier-envelope-phase-stable few-cycle pulses by use of the feed-forward method,” Opt. Lett.37(11), 2076–2078 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
T. Sala, D. Gatti, A. Gambetta, N. Coluccelli, G. Galzerano, P. Laporta, and M. Marangoni, “Wide-bandwidth phase lock between a CW laser and a frequency comb based on a feed-forward configuration,” Opt. Lett.37(13), 2592–2594 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
E. A. Donley, T. P. Heavner, F. Levi, M. O. Tataw, and S. R. Jefferts, “Double-pass acousto-optic modulator system,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.76(6), 063112 (2005). [CrossRef]
G. Di Domenico, S. Schilt, and P. Thomann, “Simple approach to the relation between laser frequency noise and laser line shape,” Appl. Opt.49(25), 4801–4807 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. L. Hall and M. Zhu, “An Introduction to Phase Stable Optical Sources,” in Laser Manipulation of Atoms and Ions, E. Arimondo, W. D. Phillips, and F. Strumia, eds. (North Holland, 1992), 671.
S. Bartalini, S. Borri, I. Galli, G. Giusfredi, D. Mazzotti, T. Edamura, N. Akikusa, M. Yamanishi, and P. De Natale, “Measuring frequency noise and intrinsic linewidth of a room-temperature DFB quantum cascade laser,” Opt. Express19(19), 17996–18003 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
A. A. Mills, D. Gatti, J. Jiang, C. Mohr, W. Mefford, L. Gianfrani, M. Fermann, I. Hartl, and M. Marangoni, “Coherent phase lock of a 9 μm quantum cascade laser to a 2 μm thulium optical frequency comb,” Opt. Lett.37(19), 4083–4085 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

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[1] S. A. Diddams, “The evolving optical frequency comb,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B27(11), B51–B62 (2010). [CrossRef]

[2] V. Ahtee, M. Merimaa, and K. Nyholm, “Precision spectroscopy of acetylene transitions using an optical frequency synthesizer,” Opt. Lett.34(17), 2619–2621 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[3] A. Gambetta, D. Gatti, A. Castrillo, G. Galzerano, P. Laporta, L. Gianfrani, and M. Marangoni, “Mid-infrared quantitative spectroscopy by comb-referencing of a quantum-cascade-laser: Application to the CO2 spectrum at 4.3 μm,” Appl. Phys. Lett.99(25), 251107 (2011). [CrossRef]

[4] C. P. McRaven, M. J. Cich, G. V. Lopez, T. J. Sears, D. Hurtmans, and A. W. Mantz, “Frequency comb-referenced measurements of self- and nitrogen-broadening in the ν1 + ν3 band of acetylene,” J. Mol. Spectrosc.266(1), 43–51 (2011). [CrossRef]

[5] C. G. Parthey, A. Matveev, J. Alnis, B. Bernhardt, A. Beyer, R. Holzwarth, A. Maistrou, R. Pohl, K. Predehl, T. Udem, T. Wilken, N. Kolachevsky, M. Abgrall, D. Rovera, C. Salomon, P. Laurent, and T. W. Hänsch, “Improved Measurement of the Hydrogen 1S-2S Transition Frequency,” Phys. Rev. Lett.107(20), 203001 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[6] F. L. Hong, A. Onae, J. Jiang, R. Guo, H. Inaba, K. Minoshima, T. R. Schibli, H. Matsumoto, and K. Nakagawa, “Absolute frequency measurement of an acetylene-stabilized laser at 1542 nm,” Opt. Lett.28(23), 2324–2326 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[7] J. D. Jost, J. L. Hall, and J. Ye, “Continuously tunable, precise, single frequency optical signal generator,” Opt. Express10(12), 515–520 (2002). [PubMed]

[8] L. Matos, O. D. Mücke, J. Chen, and F. X. Kärtner, “Carrier-envelope phase dynamics and noise analysis in octave-spanning Ti:sapphire lasers,” Opt. Express14(6), 2497–2511 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[9] J. L. Hall and T. W. Hänsch, “External dye-laser frequency stabilizer,” Opt. Lett.9(11), 502–504 (1984). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[10] S. Koke, C. Grebing, H. Frei, A. Anderson, A. Assion, and G. Steinmeyer, “Direct frequency comb synthesis with arbitrary offset and shot-noise-limited phase noise,” Nat. Photonics4(7), 462–465 (2010). [CrossRef]

[11] F. Lücking, A. Assion, A. Apolonski, F. Krausz, and G. Steinmeyer, “Long-term carrier-envelope-phase-stable few-cycle pulses by use of the feed-forward method,” Opt. Lett.37(11), 2076–2078 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[12] T. Sala, D. Gatti, A. Gambetta, N. Coluccelli, G. Galzerano, P. Laporta, and M. Marangoni, “Wide-bandwidth phase lock between a CW laser and a frequency comb based on a feed-forward configuration,” Opt. Lett.37(13), 2592–2594 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[13] E. A. Donley, T. P. Heavner, F. Levi, M. O. Tataw, and S. R. Jefferts, “Double-pass acousto-optic modulator system,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.76(6), 063112 (2005). [CrossRef]

[14] G. Di Domenico, S. Schilt, and P. Thomann, “Simple approach to the relation between laser frequency noise and laser line shape,” Appl. Opt.49(25), 4801–4807 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[15] J. L. Hall and M. Zhu, “An Introduction to Phase Stable Optical Sources,” in Laser Manipulation of Atoms and Ions, E. Arimondo, W. D. Phillips, and F. Strumia, eds. (North Holland, 1992), 671.

[16] S. Bartalini, S. Borri, I. Galli, G. Giusfredi, D. Mazzotti, T. Edamura, N. Akikusa, M. Yamanishi, and P. De Natale, “Measuring frequency noise and intrinsic linewidth of a room-temperature DFB quantum cascade laser,” Opt. Express19(19), 17996–18003 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[17] A. A. Mills, D. Gatti, J. Jiang, C. Mohr, W. Mefford, L. Gianfrani, M. Fermann, I. Hartl, and M. Marangoni, “Coherent phase lock of a 9 μm quantum cascade laser to a 2 μm thulium optical frequency comb,” Opt. Lett.37(19), 4083–4085 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

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Analysis of the feed-forward method for the referencing of a CW laser to a frequency comb