We theoretically and numerically explain the power saturation and the additional phase noise brought by the fiber optical parametric amplifier (FOPA). An equation to calculate an approximation to the saturated signal output power is presented. We also propose a scheme for alleviating the phase noise brought by the FOPA at the saturated state. In simulation, by controlling the decisive factor dispersion difference term Δk of the FOPA, amplitude-noise and additional phase noise reduction of quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) based on the saturated FOPA is studied, which can provide promising performance to deal with PSK signals.

© 2012 OSA

1. M. Matsumoto, “Fiber-based all-optical signal regeneration,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.18(2), 738–752 (2012). [CrossRef]
2. M. Gao, J. Kurumida, and S. Namiki, “Wide range operation of regenerative optical parametric wavelength converter using ASE-degraded 43-Gb/s RZ-DPSK signals,” Opt. Express19(23), 23258–23270 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
3. G. K. P. Lei, C. Shu, and H. K. Tsang, “Amplitude noise reduction, pulse format conversion, and wavelength multicast of PSK signal in a fiber optical parametric amplifier,” National Fiber Optics Engineers Conference (NFOEC), JW2A.79, Mar. 2012.
4. C. S. Brès, A. O. J. Wiberg, J. Coles, and S. Radic, “160-Gb/s optical time division multiplexing and multicasting in parametric amplifiers,” Opt. Express16(21), 16609–16615 (2008). [PubMed]
5. P. O. Hedekvist and P. A. Anderson, “Noise characteristics of fiber-based optical phase conjugators,” J. Lightwave Technol.17(1), 74–79 (1999). [CrossRef]
6. P. Kylemark, P. O. Hedekvist, H. Sunnerud, M. Karlsson, and P. A. Andrekson, “Noise characteristics of fiber optical parametric amplifiers,” J. Lightwave Technol.22(2), 409–416 (2004). [CrossRef]
7. S. Radic, C. J. McKinstrie, R. M. Jopson, J. C. Centanni, and A. R. Chraplyvy, “All-optical regeneration in one- and two-pump parametric amplifiers using highly nonlinear optical fiber,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.15(7), 957–959 (2003). [CrossRef]
8. M. Matsumoto, “Phase noise generation in an amplitude limiter using saturation of a fiber-optic parametric amplifier,” Opt. Lett.33(15), 1638–1640 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
9. P. Kylemark, H. Sunnerud, M. Karlsson, and P. A. Andrekson, “Semi-analytic saturation theory of fiber optical parametric amplifiers,” J. Lightwave Technol.24(9), 3471–3479 (2006). [CrossRef]
10. S. Watanabe, F. Futami, R. Okabe, R. Ludwig, C. Schmidt-Langhorst, B. Huettl, C. Schubert, and H. Weber, “An optical parametric amplified fiber switch for optical signal processing and regeneration,” J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.14(3), 674–680 (2008). [CrossRef]
11. M. Sköld, J. Yang, H. Sunnerud, M. Karlsson, S. Oda, and P. A. Andrekson, “Constellation diagram analysis of DPSK signal regeneration in a saturated parametric amplifier,” Opt. Express16(9), 5974–5982 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
12. G. Agrawal, Nonlinear Fiber Optics, 4th ed.(Aademic Press, 2007) Chap. 10.
13. G. Cappellini and S. Trillo, “Third-order three-wave mixing in singlemode fibers: exact solutions and spatial instability effects,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B8(4), 824–838 (1991). [CrossRef]
14. R. Elschner and K. Petermann, “Impact of pump-induced nonlinear phase noise on parametric amplification and wavelength conversion of phase modulated signals,” in Proc. Eur. Conf. Opt. Commun. (ECOC), Sep. 2009, Paper.

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.

• M. Matsumoto, “Fiber-based all-optical signal regeneration,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.18(2), 738–752 (2012). [CrossRef]

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.

• S. Radic, C. J. McKinstrie, R. M. Jopson, J. C. Centanni, and A. R. Chraplyvy, “All-optical regeneration in one- and two-pump parametric amplifiers using highly nonlinear optical fiber,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.15(7), 957–959 (2003). [CrossRef]

J. Lightwave Technol.

• P. O. Hedekvist and P. A. Anderson, “Noise characteristics of fiber-based optical phase conjugators,” J. Lightwave Technol.17(1), 74–79 (1999). [CrossRef]
• P. Kylemark, P. O. Hedekvist, H. Sunnerud, M. Karlsson, and P. A. Andrekson, “Noise characteristics of fiber optical parametric amplifiers,” J. Lightwave Technol.22(2), 409–416 (2004). [CrossRef]
• P. Kylemark, H. Sunnerud, M. Karlsson, and P. A. Andrekson, “Semi-analytic saturation theory of fiber optical parametric amplifiers,” J. Lightwave Technol.24(9), 3471–3479 (2006). [CrossRef]

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B

• G. Cappellini and S. Trillo, “Third-order three-wave mixing in singlemode fibers: exact solutions and spatial instability effects,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B8(4), 824–838 (1991). [CrossRef]

J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.

• S. Watanabe, F. Futami, R. Okabe, R. Ludwig, C. Schmidt-Langhorst, B. Huettl, C. Schubert, and H. Weber, “An optical parametric amplified fiber switch for optical signal processing and regeneration,” J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.14(3), 674–680 (2008). [CrossRef]

Opt. Express

• M. Sköld, J. Yang, H. Sunnerud, M. Karlsson, S. Oda, and P. A. Andrekson, “Constellation diagram analysis of DPSK signal regeneration in a saturated parametric amplifier,” Opt. Express16(9), 5974–5982 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• M. Gao, J. Kurumida, and S. Namiki, “Wide range operation of regenerative optical parametric wavelength converter using ASE-degraded 43-Gb/s RZ-DPSK signals,” Opt. Express19(23), 23258–23270 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• C. S. Brès, A. O. J. Wiberg, J. Coles, and S. Radic, “160-Gb/s optical time division multiplexing and multicasting in parametric amplifiers,” Opt. Express16(21), 16609–16615 (2008). [PubMed]

Opt. Lett.

• M. Matsumoto, “Phase noise generation in an amplitude limiter using saturation of a fiber-optic parametric amplifier,” Opt. Lett.33(15), 1638–1640 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Other

• R. Elschner and K. Petermann, “Impact of pump-induced nonlinear phase noise on parametric amplification and wavelength conversion of phase modulated signals,” in Proc. Eur. Conf. Opt. Commun. (ECOC), Sep. 2009, Paper.
• G. K. P. Lei, C. Shu, and H. K. Tsang, “Amplitude noise reduction, pulse format conversion, and wavelength multicast of PSK signal in a fiber optical parametric amplifier,” National Fiber Optics Engineers Conference (NFOEC), JW2A.79, Mar. 2012.
• G. Agrawal, Nonlinear Fiber Optics, 4th ed.(Aademic Press, 2007) Chap. 10.

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