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Refractive index-modified structures in glass written by 266nm fs laser pulsesAli Saliminia, Jean-Philippe Bérubé, and Réal Vallée »View Author Affiliations
Ali Saliminia,*
Jean-Philippe Bérubé,
and Réal Vallée
Centre d’optique, photonique et laser (COPL), Université Laval, 2375, rue de la Terrasse, Québec (Québec) G1V 0A6, Canada *Corresponding author: ali.saliminia.1@ulaval.ca |
Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 25, pp. 27410-27419 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.027410
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Abstract
We demonstrate the inscription of embedded waveguides, anti-waveguides and Bragg gratings by use of intense femtosecond (fs) UV laser pulses at 266nm in pure fused silica, and for the first time, in bulk fused quartz and ZBLAN glasses. The magnitude of induced index changes, depends, besides pulse energy and translation speed, largely on writing depth and varies from ~10−4 for smooth modifications to ~10−3 for damaged structures. The obtained results are promising as they present the feasibility of fabrication of short (< 0.2μm) period first-order fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) for applications such as in realization of all-fiber lasers operating at short wavelengths.
© 2012 OSA
OCIS Codes
(160.2750) Materials : Glass and other amorphous materials
(320.7090) Ultrafast optics : Ultrafast lasers
ToC Category:
Laser Microfabrication
History
Original Manuscript: September 18, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: November 4, 2012
Published: November 26, 2012
Citation
Ali Saliminia, Jean-Philippe Bérubé, and Réal Vallée, "Refractive index-modified structures in glass written by 266nm fs laser pulses," Opt. Express 20, 27410-27419 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-20-25-27410
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References
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- A. Dragomir, D. N. Nikogosyan, K. A. Zagorulko, P. G. Kryukov, and E. M. Dianov, “Inscription of fiber Bragg gratings by ultraviolet femtosecond radiation,” Opt. Lett.28(22), 2171–2173 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. J. Mihailov, C. W. Smelser, D. Grobnic, R. B. Walker, P. Lu, H. Ding, and J. Unruh, “Bragg gratings written in all-SiO2 and Ge-doped core fibers with 800-nm femtosecond radiation and a phase mask,” J. Lightwave Technol.22(1), 94–100 (2004). [CrossRef]
- S. J. Mihailov, C. W. Smelser, P. Lu, R. B. Walker, D. Grobnic, H. Ding, G. Henderson, and J. Unruh, “Fiber Bragg gratings made with a phase mask and 800-nm femtosecond radiation,” Opt. Lett.28(12), 995–997 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- M. Douay, W. X. Xie, T. Taunay, P. Bernage, P. Niay, P. Cordier, B. Poumellec, L. Dong, J. F. Bayon, H. Poignant, and E. Delevaque, “Densification involved in the UV based photosensitivity of silica glasses and optical fibers,” J. Lightwave Technol.15(8), 1329–1342 (1997). [CrossRef]
- M. Dubov, I. Bennion, D. N. Nikogosyan, P. Bolger, and A. V. Zayats, “Point-by-point inscription of 250nm period structure in bulk fused silica by tightly focused femtosecond UV pulses,” J. Opt. A, Pure Appl. Opt.10(2), 025305–025310 (2008). [CrossRef]
- L. B. Fu, G. D. Marshall, J. A. Bolger, P. Stainvurzel, E. C. Magi, M. J. Withford, and B. J. Eggleton, “Femtosecond laser writing Bragg gratings in pure silica photonic crystal fibers,” Electron. Lett.41(11), 638–640 (2005). [CrossRef]
- G. M. Williams, T.-E. Tsai, C. I. Merzbacher, and E. J. Friebele, “Photosensitivity of rare-earth-doped ZBLAN fluoride glasses,” J. Lightwave Technol.15(8), 1357–1362 (1997). [CrossRef]
- L. B. Fu, G. D. Marshall, J. A. Bolger, P. Stainvurzel, E. C. Magi, M. J. Withford, and B. J. Eggleton, “Femtosecond laser writing Bragg gratings in pure silica photonic crystal fibers,” Electron. Lett.41(11), 638–640 (2005). [CrossRef]
- S. J. Mihailov, C. W. Smelser, D. Grobnic, R. B. Walker, P. Lu, H. Ding, and J. Unruh, “Bragg gratings written in all-SiO2 and Ge-doped core fibers with 800-nm femtosecond radiation and a phase mask,” J. Lightwave Technol.22(1), 94–100 (2004). [CrossRef]
- S. J. Mihailov, C. W. Smelser, P. Lu, R. B. Walker, D. Grobnic, H. Ding, G. Henderson, and J. Unruh, “Fiber Bragg gratings made with a phase mask and 800-nm femtosecond radiation,” Opt. Lett.28(12), 995–997 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Albert, B. Malo, F. Bilodeau, D. C. Johnson, K. O. Hill, Y. Hibino, and M. Kawachi, “Photosensitivity in Ge-doped silica optical waveguides and fibers with 193-nm light from an Ar-F excimer laser,” Opt. Lett.19(6), 387–389 (1994). [PubMed]
- K. O. Hill, B. Malo, F. Bilodeau, D. C. Johnson, and J. Albert, “Bragg gratings fabricated in mono-mode photosensitive optical fiber by UV exposure through a phase mask,” Appl. Phys. Lett.62(10), 1035–1037 (1993). [CrossRef]
- Y. Kondo, K. Nouchi, T. Mitsuyu, M. Watanabe, P. G. Kazansky, and K. Hirao, “Fabrication of long-period fiber gratings by focused irradiation of infrared femtosecond laser pulses,” Opt. Lett.24(10), 646–648 (1999). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Miura, J. Qiu, T. Mitsuyu, and K. Hirao, “Preparation and optical properties of fluoride glass waveguides induced by laser pulses,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids256, 212–219 (1999). [CrossRef]
- K. M. Davis, K. Miura, N. Sugimoto, and K. Hirao, “Writing waveguides in glass with a femtosecond laser,” Opt. Lett.21(21), 1729–1731 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Albert, B. Malo, F. Bilodeau, D. C. Johnson, K. O. Hill, Y. Hibino, and M. Kawachi, “Photosensitivity in Ge-doped silica optical waveguides and fibers with 193-nm light from an Ar-F excimer laser,” Opt. Lett.19(6), 387–389 (1994). [PubMed]
- K. O. Hill, B. Malo, F. Bilodeau, D. C. Johnson, and J. Albert, “Bragg gratings fabricated in mono-mode photosensitive optical fiber by UV exposure through a phase mask,” Appl. Phys. Lett.62(10), 1035–1037 (1993). [CrossRef]
- H. B. Sun, S. Juodkazis, M. Watanabe, S. Matsuo, H. Misawa, and J. Nishii, “Generation and recombination of defects in vitreous silica induced by irradiation with a near-infrared femtosecond laser,” J. Phys. Chem. B104(15), 3450–3455 (2000). [CrossRef]
- K. A. Zagorulko, P. G. Kryukov, Y. V. Larionov, A. A. Rybaltovsky, E. M. Dianov, S. Chekalin, Y. Matveets, and V. Kompanets, “Fabrication of fiber Bragg gratings with 267 nm femtosecond radiation,” Opt. Express12(24), 5996–6001 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Dragomir, D. N. Nikogosyan, K. A. Zagorulko, P. G. Kryukov, and E. M. Dianov, “Inscription of fiber Bragg gratings by ultraviolet femtosecond radiation,” Opt. Lett.28(22), 2171–2173 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. M. Levy and J. H. O. Varley, “Radiation induced colour centres in Fused Quartz,” Proc. Phys. Soc. B68(4), 223–233 (1955). [CrossRef]
- S. J. Mihailov, C. W. Smelser, D. Grobnic, R. B. Walker, P. Lu, H. Ding, and J. Unruh, “Bragg gratings written in all-SiO2 and Ge-doped core fibers with 800-nm femtosecond radiation and a phase mask,” J. Lightwave Technol.22(1), 94–100 (2004). [CrossRef]
- S. J. Mihailov, C. W. Smelser, P. Lu, R. B. Walker, D. Grobnic, H. Ding, G. Henderson, and J. Unruh, “Fiber Bragg gratings made with a phase mask and 800-nm femtosecond radiation,” Opt. Lett.28(12), 995–997 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. B. Fu, G. D. Marshall, J. A. Bolger, P. Stainvurzel, E. C. Magi, M. J. Withford, and B. J. Eggleton, “Femtosecond laser writing Bragg gratings in pure silica photonic crystal fibers,” Electron. Lett.41(11), 638–640 (2005). [CrossRef]
- J. Albert, B. Malo, F. Bilodeau, D. C. Johnson, K. O. Hill, Y. Hibino, and M. Kawachi, “Photosensitivity in Ge-doped silica optical waveguides and fibers with 193-nm light from an Ar-F excimer laser,” Opt. Lett.19(6), 387–389 (1994). [PubMed]
- K. O. Hill, B. Malo, F. Bilodeau, D. C. Johnson, and J. Albert, “Bragg gratings fabricated in mono-mode photosensitive optical fiber by UV exposure through a phase mask,” Appl. Phys. Lett.62(10), 1035–1037 (1993). [CrossRef]
- L. B. Fu, G. D. Marshall, J. A. Bolger, P. Stainvurzel, E. C. Magi, M. J. Withford, and B. J. Eggleton, “Femtosecond laser writing Bragg gratings in pure silica photonic crystal fibers,” Electron. Lett.41(11), 638–640 (2005). [CrossRef]
- H. B. Sun, S. Juodkazis, M. Watanabe, S. Matsuo, H. Misawa, and J. Nishii, “Generation and recombination of defects in vitreous silica induced by irradiation with a near-infrared femtosecond laser,” J. Phys. Chem. B104(15), 3450–3455 (2000). [CrossRef]
- G. M. Williams, T.-E. Tsai, C. I. Merzbacher, and E. J. Friebele, “Photosensitivity of rare-earth-doped ZBLAN fluoride glasses,” J. Lightwave Technol.15(8), 1357–1362 (1997). [CrossRef]
- S. J. Mihailov, C. W. Smelser, D. Grobnic, R. B. Walker, P. Lu, H. Ding, and J. Unruh, “Bragg gratings written in all-SiO2 and Ge-doped core fibers with 800-nm femtosecond radiation and a phase mask,” J. Lightwave Technol.22(1), 94–100 (2004). [CrossRef]
- S. J. Mihailov, C. W. Smelser, P. Lu, R. B. Walker, D. Grobnic, H. Ding, G. Henderson, and J. Unruh, “Fiber Bragg gratings made with a phase mask and 800-nm femtosecond radiation,” Opt. Lett.28(12), 995–997 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. B. Sun, S. Juodkazis, M. Watanabe, S. Matsuo, H. Misawa, and J. Nishii, “Generation and recombination of defects in vitreous silica induced by irradiation with a near-infrared femtosecond laser,” J. Phys. Chem. B104(15), 3450–3455 (2000). [CrossRef]
- K. Miura, J. Qiu, T. Mitsuyu, and K. Hirao, “Preparation and optical properties of fluoride glass waveguides induced by laser pulses,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids256, 212–219 (1999). [CrossRef]
- Y. Kondo, K. Nouchi, T. Mitsuyu, M. Watanabe, P. G. Kazansky, and K. Hirao, “Fabrication of long-period fiber gratings by focused irradiation of infrared femtosecond laser pulses,” Opt. Lett.24(10), 646–648 (1999). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Miura, J. Qiu, T. Mitsuyu, and K. Hirao, “Preparation and optical properties of fluoride glass waveguides induced by laser pulses,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids256, 212–219 (1999). [CrossRef]
- K. M. Davis, K. Miura, N. Sugimoto, and K. Hirao, “Writing waveguides in glass with a femtosecond laser,” Opt. Lett.21(21), 1729–1731 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Sramek, F. Smektala, W. X. Xie, M. Douay, and P. Niay, “Photoinduced surface expansion of fluorozirconate glasses,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids277(1), 39–44 (2000). [CrossRef]
- M. Douay, W. X. Xie, T. Taunay, P. Bernage, P. Niay, P. Cordier, B. Poumellec, L. Dong, J. F. Bayon, H. Poignant, and E. Delevaque, “Densification involved in the UV based photosensitivity of silica glasses and optical fibers,” J. Lightwave Technol.15(8), 1329–1342 (1997). [CrossRef]
- T. Taunay, P. Niay, P. Bernage, E. X. Xie, H. Poignant, S. Boj, E. Delevaque, and M. Monerie, “Ultraviolet-induced permanent Bragg gratings in cerium-doped ZBLAN glasses or optical fibers,” Opt. Lett.19(17), 1269–1271 (1994). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Dubov, I. Bennion, D. N. Nikogosyan, P. Bolger, and A. V. Zayats, “Point-by-point inscription of 250nm period structure in bulk fused silica by tightly focused femtosecond UV pulses,” J. Opt. A, Pure Appl. Opt.10(2), 025305–025310 (2008). [CrossRef]
- A. Dragomir, D. N. Nikogosyan, K. A. Zagorulko, P. G. Kryukov, and E. M. Dianov, “Inscription of fiber Bragg gratings by ultraviolet femtosecond radiation,” Opt. Lett.28(22), 2171–2173 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. B. Sun, S. Juodkazis, M. Watanabe, S. Matsuo, H. Misawa, and J. Nishii, “Generation and recombination of defects in vitreous silica induced by irradiation with a near-infrared femtosecond laser,” J. Phys. Chem. B104(15), 3450–3455 (2000). [CrossRef]
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- H. B. Sun, S. Juodkazis, M. Watanabe, S. Matsuo, H. Misawa, and J. Nishii, “Generation and recombination of defects in vitreous silica induced by irradiation with a near-infrared femtosecond laser,” J. Phys. Chem. B104(15), 3450–3455 (2000). [CrossRef]
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Appl. Phys. Lett.
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Electron. Lett.
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J. Non-Cryst. Solids
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J. Opt. A, Pure Appl. Opt.
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Opt. Express
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2008, Livitziis, Opt. Lett.
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