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An MMI-based polarization splitter using patterned metal and tilted jointKeisuke Kojima, Wangqing Yuan, Bingnan Wang, Toshiaki Koike-Akino, Kieran Parsons, Satoshi Nishikawa, and Eiji Yagyu »View Author Affiliations
Keisuke Kojima,1,*
Wangqing Yuan,1,2
Bingnan Wang,1
Toshiaki Koike-Akino,1
Kieran Parsons,1
Satoshi Nishikawa,3
and Eiji Yagyu3
1Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, 201 Broadway, Cambridge MA, 02139, USA 2Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame IN, 46556, USA 3Advanced Technology R&D Center, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, 8-1-1 Tsukaguchi-Honmachi, Amagasaki, Hyogo 661-8661, Japan *Corresponding author: kojima@merl.com |
Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 26, pp. B371-B376 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.00B371
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Abstract
A novel polarization splitter on an InP substrate utilizing an MMI coupler loaded with a dielectric and gold layer pad is proposed and simulated. A tilted joint is used for adjusting the phases of TE and TM modes. The MMI section is less than 540 μm. Simulations show that the device has a polarization extinction ratio over 23 dB and an insertion loss below 0.7 dB over the entire C-band for both TE and TM polarizations. The device design was optimized to maximize the wavelength range and tolerance for manufacturing variations.
© 2012 OSA
OCIS Codes
(060.2340) Fiber optics and optical communications : Fiber optics components
(130.0130) Integrated optics : Integrated optics
(130.5440) Integrated optics : Polarization-selective devices
ToC Category:
Waveguide and Optoelectronic Devices
History
Original Manuscript: October 2, 2012
Revised Manuscript: November 10, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: November 11, 2012
Published: November 29, 2012
Virtual Issues
European Conference on Optical Communication 2012 (2012) Optics Express
Citation
Keisuke Kojima, Wangqing Yuan, Bingnan Wang, Toshiaki Koike-Akino, Kieran Parsons, Satoshi Nishikawa, and Eiji Yagyu, "An MMI-based polarization splitter using patterned metal and tilted joint," Opt. Express 20, B371-B376 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-20-26-B371
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References
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- L. B. Soldano, A. I. de Vreede, M. K. Smit, B. H. Verbeek, E. G. Metaal, and F. H. Green, “Mach-Zehnder interferometer polarization splitter in InGaAsP/InP,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.6(3), 402–405 (1994). [CrossRef]
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- D. F. G. Gallagher and T. P. Felici, “Eigenmode expansion methods for simulation of optical propagation in photonics: pros and cons,” Proc. SPIE4987, 69–82 (2003). [CrossRef]
- D. F. G. Gallagher and T. P. Felici, “Eigenmode expansion methods for simulation of optical propagation in photonics: pros and cons,” Proc. SPIE4987, 69–82 (2003). [CrossRef]
- R. Nagarajan, J. Rahn, M. Kato, J. Pleumeekers, D. Lambert, V. Lal, H. S. Tsai, A. Nilsson, A. Dentai, M. Kuntz, R. Malendevich, J. Tang, J. Zhang, T. Butrie, M. Raburn, B. Little, W. Chen, G. Goldfarb, V. Dominic, B. Taylor, M. Reffle, F. Kish, and D. Welch, “10 Channel, 45.6 Gb/s per channel, polarization-multiplexed DQPSK, InP receiver photonic integrated circuit,” J. Lightwave Technol.29(4), 386–395 (2011). [CrossRef]
- H. Goto, K. Shibahara, and S. Yokoyama, “Atomic layer controlled deposition of silicon nitride with self-limiting mechanism,” Appl. Phys. Lett.68(23), 3257–3259 (1996). [CrossRef]
- B. M. A. Rahman, N. Somasiri, C. Themistos, and K. T. V. Grattan, “Design of optical polarization splitters in a single-section deeply etched MMI waveguide,” Appl. Phys. B73(5), 613–618 (2001). [CrossRef]
- L. B. Soldano, A. I. de Vreede, M. K. Smit, B. H. Verbeek, E. G. Metaal, and F. H. Green, “Mach-Zehnder interferometer polarization splitter in InGaAsP/InP,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.6(3), 402–405 (1994). [CrossRef]
- L. M. Augustin, R. Hanfoug, J. J. G. M. van der Tol, W. J. M. de Laat, and M. K. Smit, “A compact integrated polarization splitter/converter in InGaAsP-InP,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.19(17), 1286–1288 (2007). [CrossRef]
- J. M. Hong, H. H. Ryu, S. R. Park, J. W. Jeong, S. G. Lee, E. H. Lee, S. G. Park, D. Woo, S. Kim, and O. Beom-Hoan, “Design and fabrication of a significantly shortened multimode interference coupler for polarization splitter application,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.15(1), 72–74 (2003). [CrossRef]
- Q. Lai, M. Bachmann, W. Hunziker, P. A. Besse, and H. Melchior, “Arbitrary ratio power splitters using angled silica on silicon multimode interference couplers,” Electron. Lett.32(17), 1576–1577 (1996). [CrossRef]
- T. Barwicz, M. R. Watts, M. A. Popovic, P. T. Rakich, L. Socci, F. X. Kartner, E. P. Ippen, and H. I. Smith, “Polarization-transparent microphotonic devices in the strong confinement limit,” Nat. Photonics1(1), 57–60 (2007). [CrossRef]
- J. M. Hong, H. H. Ryu, S. R. Park, J. W. Jeong, S. G. Lee, E. H. Lee, S. G. Park, D. Woo, S. Kim, and O. Beom-Hoan, “Design and fabrication of a significantly shortened multimode interference coupler for polarization splitter application,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.15(1), 72–74 (2003). [CrossRef]
- T. Barwicz, M. R. Watts, M. A. Popovic, P. T. Rakich, L. Socci, F. X. Kartner, E. P. Ippen, and H. I. Smith, “Polarization-transparent microphotonic devices in the strong confinement limit,” Nat. Photonics1(1), 57–60 (2007). [CrossRef]
- A. Katigbak, J. F. Strother, and J. Lin, “Compact silicon slot waveguide polarization splitter,” Opt. Eng.48(8), 080503 (2009). [CrossRef]
- R. Nagarajan, J. Rahn, M. Kato, J. Pleumeekers, D. Lambert, V. Lal, H. S. Tsai, A. Nilsson, A. Dentai, M. Kuntz, R. Malendevich, J. Tang, J. Zhang, T. Butrie, M. Raburn, B. Little, W. Chen, G. Goldfarb, V. Dominic, B. Taylor, M. Reffle, F. Kish, and D. Welch, “10 Channel, 45.6 Gb/s per channel, polarization-multiplexed DQPSK, InP receiver photonic integrated circuit,” J. Lightwave Technol.29(4), 386–395 (2011). [CrossRef]
- J. M. Hong, H. H. Ryu, S. R. Park, J. W. Jeong, S. G. Lee, E. H. Lee, S. G. Park, D. Woo, S. Kim, and O. Beom-Hoan, “Design and fabrication of a significantly shortened multimode interference coupler for polarization splitter application,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.15(1), 72–74 (2003). [CrossRef]
- R. Nagarajan, J. Rahn, M. Kato, J. Pleumeekers, D. Lambert, V. Lal, H. S. Tsai, A. Nilsson, A. Dentai, M. Kuntz, R. Malendevich, J. Tang, J. Zhang, T. Butrie, M. Raburn, B. Little, W. Chen, G. Goldfarb, V. Dominic, B. Taylor, M. Reffle, F. Kish, and D. Welch, “10 Channel, 45.6 Gb/s per channel, polarization-multiplexed DQPSK, InP receiver photonic integrated circuit,” J. Lightwave Technol.29(4), 386–395 (2011). [CrossRef]
- R. Nagarajan, J. Rahn, M. Kato, J. Pleumeekers, D. Lambert, V. Lal, H. S. Tsai, A. Nilsson, A. Dentai, M. Kuntz, R. Malendevich, J. Tang, J. Zhang, T. Butrie, M. Raburn, B. Little, W. Chen, G. Goldfarb, V. Dominic, B. Taylor, M. Reffle, F. Kish, and D. Welch, “10 Channel, 45.6 Gb/s per channel, polarization-multiplexed DQPSK, InP receiver photonic integrated circuit,” J. Lightwave Technol.29(4), 386–395 (2011). [CrossRef]
- Q. Lai, M. Bachmann, W. Hunziker, P. A. Besse, and H. Melchior, “Arbitrary ratio power splitters using angled silica on silicon multimode interference couplers,” Electron. Lett.32(17), 1576–1577 (1996). [CrossRef]
- R. Nagarajan, J. Rahn, M. Kato, J. Pleumeekers, D. Lambert, V. Lal, H. S. Tsai, A. Nilsson, A. Dentai, M. Kuntz, R. Malendevich, J. Tang, J. Zhang, T. Butrie, M. Raburn, B. Little, W. Chen, G. Goldfarb, V. Dominic, B. Taylor, M. Reffle, F. Kish, and D. Welch, “10 Channel, 45.6 Gb/s per channel, polarization-multiplexed DQPSK, InP receiver photonic integrated circuit,” J. Lightwave Technol.29(4), 386–395 (2011). [CrossRef]
- R. Nagarajan, J. Rahn, M. Kato, J. Pleumeekers, D. Lambert, V. Lal, H. S. Tsai, A. Nilsson, A. Dentai, M. Kuntz, R. Malendevich, J. Tang, J. Zhang, T. Butrie, M. Raburn, B. Little, W. Chen, G. Goldfarb, V. Dominic, B. Taylor, M. Reffle, F. Kish, and D. Welch, “10 Channel, 45.6 Gb/s per channel, polarization-multiplexed DQPSK, InP receiver photonic integrated circuit,” J. Lightwave Technol.29(4), 386–395 (2011). [CrossRef]
- J. M. Hong, H. H. Ryu, S. R. Park, J. W. Jeong, S. G. Lee, E. H. Lee, S. G. Park, D. Woo, S. Kim, and O. Beom-Hoan, “Design and fabrication of a significantly shortened multimode interference coupler for polarization splitter application,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.15(1), 72–74 (2003). [CrossRef]
- J. M. Hong, H. H. Ryu, S. R. Park, J. W. Jeong, S. G. Lee, E. H. Lee, S. G. Park, D. Woo, S. Kim, and O. Beom-Hoan, “Design and fabrication of a significantly shortened multimode interference coupler for polarization splitter application,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.15(1), 72–74 (2003). [CrossRef]
- A. Katigbak, J. F. Strother, and J. Lin, “Compact silicon slot waveguide polarization splitter,” Opt. Eng.48(8), 080503 (2009). [CrossRef]
- R. Nagarajan, J. Rahn, M. Kato, J. Pleumeekers, D. Lambert, V. Lal, H. S. Tsai, A. Nilsson, A. Dentai, M. Kuntz, R. Malendevich, J. Tang, J. Zhang, T. Butrie, M. Raburn, B. Little, W. Chen, G. Goldfarb, V. Dominic, B. Taylor, M. Reffle, F. Kish, and D. Welch, “10 Channel, 45.6 Gb/s per channel, polarization-multiplexed DQPSK, InP receiver photonic integrated circuit,” J. Lightwave Technol.29(4), 386–395 (2011). [CrossRef]
- R. Nagarajan, J. Rahn, M. Kato, J. Pleumeekers, D. Lambert, V. Lal, H. S. Tsai, A. Nilsson, A. Dentai, M. Kuntz, R. Malendevich, J. Tang, J. Zhang, T. Butrie, M. Raburn, B. Little, W. Chen, G. Goldfarb, V. Dominic, B. Taylor, M. Reffle, F. Kish, and D. Welch, “10 Channel, 45.6 Gb/s per channel, polarization-multiplexed DQPSK, InP receiver photonic integrated circuit,” J. Lightwave Technol.29(4), 386–395 (2011). [CrossRef]
- Q. Lai, M. Bachmann, W. Hunziker, P. A. Besse, and H. Melchior, “Arbitrary ratio power splitters using angled silica on silicon multimode interference couplers,” Electron. Lett.32(17), 1576–1577 (1996). [CrossRef]
- L. B. Soldano, A. I. de Vreede, M. K. Smit, B. H. Verbeek, E. G. Metaal, and F. H. Green, “Mach-Zehnder interferometer polarization splitter in InGaAsP/InP,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.6(3), 402–405 (1994). [CrossRef]
- R. Nagarajan, J. Rahn, M. Kato, J. Pleumeekers, D. Lambert, V. Lal, H. S. Tsai, A. Nilsson, A. Dentai, M. Kuntz, R. Malendevich, J. Tang, J. Zhang, T. Butrie, M. Raburn, B. Little, W. Chen, G. Goldfarb, V. Dominic, B. Taylor, M. Reffle, F. Kish, and D. Welch, “10 Channel, 45.6 Gb/s per channel, polarization-multiplexed DQPSK, InP receiver photonic integrated circuit,” J. Lightwave Technol.29(4), 386–395 (2011). [CrossRef]
- R. Nagarajan, J. Rahn, M. Kato, J. Pleumeekers, D. Lambert, V. Lal, H. S. Tsai, A. Nilsson, A. Dentai, M. Kuntz, R. Malendevich, J. Tang, J. Zhang, T. Butrie, M. Raburn, B. Little, W. Chen, G. Goldfarb, V. Dominic, B. Taylor, M. Reffle, F. Kish, and D. Welch, “10 Channel, 45.6 Gb/s per channel, polarization-multiplexed DQPSK, InP receiver photonic integrated circuit,” J. Lightwave Technol.29(4), 386–395 (2011). [CrossRef]
- J. M. Hong, H. H. Ryu, S. R. Park, J. W. Jeong, S. G. Lee, E. H. Lee, S. G. Park, D. Woo, S. Kim, and O. Beom-Hoan, “Design and fabrication of a significantly shortened multimode interference coupler for polarization splitter application,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.15(1), 72–74 (2003). [CrossRef]
- J. M. Hong, H. H. Ryu, S. R. Park, J. W. Jeong, S. G. Lee, E. H. Lee, S. G. Park, D. Woo, S. Kim, and O. Beom-Hoan, “Design and fabrication of a significantly shortened multimode interference coupler for polarization splitter application,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.15(1), 72–74 (2003). [CrossRef]
- R. Nagarajan, J. Rahn, M. Kato, J. Pleumeekers, D. Lambert, V. Lal, H. S. Tsai, A. Nilsson, A. Dentai, M. Kuntz, R. Malendevich, J. Tang, J. Zhang, T. Butrie, M. Raburn, B. Little, W. Chen, G. Goldfarb, V. Dominic, B. Taylor, M. Reffle, F. Kish, and D. Welch, “10 Channel, 45.6 Gb/s per channel, polarization-multiplexed DQPSK, InP receiver photonic integrated circuit,” J. Lightwave Technol.29(4), 386–395 (2011). [CrossRef]
- T. Barwicz, M. R. Watts, M. A. Popovic, P. T. Rakich, L. Socci, F. X. Kartner, E. P. Ippen, and H. I. Smith, “Polarization-transparent microphotonic devices in the strong confinement limit,” Nat. Photonics1(1), 57–60 (2007). [CrossRef]
- R. Nagarajan, J. Rahn, M. Kato, J. Pleumeekers, D. Lambert, V. Lal, H. S. Tsai, A. Nilsson, A. Dentai, M. Kuntz, R. Malendevich, J. Tang, J. Zhang, T. Butrie, M. Raburn, B. Little, W. Chen, G. Goldfarb, V. Dominic, B. Taylor, M. Reffle, F. Kish, and D. Welch, “10 Channel, 45.6 Gb/s per channel, polarization-multiplexed DQPSK, InP receiver photonic integrated circuit,” J. Lightwave Technol.29(4), 386–395 (2011). [CrossRef]
- B. M. A. Rahman, N. Somasiri, C. Themistos, and K. T. V. Grattan, “Design of optical polarization splitters in a single-section deeply etched MMI waveguide,” Appl. Phys. B73(5), 613–618 (2001). [CrossRef]
- R. Nagarajan, J. Rahn, M. Kato, J. Pleumeekers, D. Lambert, V. Lal, H. S. Tsai, A. Nilsson, A. Dentai, M. Kuntz, R. Malendevich, J. Tang, J. Zhang, T. Butrie, M. Raburn, B. Little, W. Chen, G. Goldfarb, V. Dominic, B. Taylor, M. Reffle, F. Kish, and D. Welch, “10 Channel, 45.6 Gb/s per channel, polarization-multiplexed DQPSK, InP receiver photonic integrated circuit,” J. Lightwave Technol.29(4), 386–395 (2011). [CrossRef]
- T. Barwicz, M. R. Watts, M. A. Popovic, P. T. Rakich, L. Socci, F. X. Kartner, E. P. Ippen, and H. I. Smith, “Polarization-transparent microphotonic devices in the strong confinement limit,” Nat. Photonics1(1), 57–60 (2007). [CrossRef]
- S. C. Rashleigh, “Four-layer metal-clad thin film optical waveguides,” Opt. Quantum Electron.8(1), 49–60 (1976). [CrossRef]
- R. Nagarajan, J. Rahn, M. Kato, J. Pleumeekers, D. Lambert, V. Lal, H. S. Tsai, A. Nilsson, A. Dentai, M. Kuntz, R. Malendevich, J. Tang, J. Zhang, T. Butrie, M. Raburn, B. Little, W. Chen, G. Goldfarb, V. Dominic, B. Taylor, M. Reffle, F. Kish, and D. Welch, “10 Channel, 45.6 Gb/s per channel, polarization-multiplexed DQPSK, InP receiver photonic integrated circuit,” J. Lightwave Technol.29(4), 386–395 (2011). [CrossRef]
- J. M. Hong, H. H. Ryu, S. R. Park, J. W. Jeong, S. G. Lee, E. H. Lee, S. G. Park, D. Woo, S. Kim, and O. Beom-Hoan, “Design and fabrication of a significantly shortened multimode interference coupler for polarization splitter application,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.15(1), 72–74 (2003). [CrossRef]
- H. Goto, K. Shibahara, and S. Yokoyama, “Atomic layer controlled deposition of silicon nitride with self-limiting mechanism,” Appl. Phys. Lett.68(23), 3257–3259 (1996). [CrossRef]
- L. M. Augustin, R. Hanfoug, J. J. G. M. van der Tol, W. J. M. de Laat, and M. K. Smit, “A compact integrated polarization splitter/converter in InGaAsP-InP,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.19(17), 1286–1288 (2007). [CrossRef]
- L. B. Soldano, A. I. de Vreede, M. K. Smit, B. H. Verbeek, E. G. Metaal, and F. H. Green, “Mach-Zehnder interferometer polarization splitter in InGaAsP/InP,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.6(3), 402–405 (1994). [CrossRef]
- T. Barwicz, M. R. Watts, M. A. Popovic, P. T. Rakich, L. Socci, F. X. Kartner, E. P. Ippen, and H. I. Smith, “Polarization-transparent microphotonic devices in the strong confinement limit,” Nat. Photonics1(1), 57–60 (2007). [CrossRef]
- T. Barwicz, M. R. Watts, M. A. Popovic, P. T. Rakich, L. Socci, F. X. Kartner, E. P. Ippen, and H. I. Smith, “Polarization-transparent microphotonic devices in the strong confinement limit,” Nat. Photonics1(1), 57–60 (2007). [CrossRef]
- L. B. Soldano, A. I. de Vreede, M. K. Smit, B. H. Verbeek, E. G. Metaal, and F. H. Green, “Mach-Zehnder interferometer polarization splitter in InGaAsP/InP,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.6(3), 402–405 (1994). [CrossRef]
- B. M. A. Rahman, N. Somasiri, C. Themistos, and K. T. V. Grattan, “Design of optical polarization splitters in a single-section deeply etched MMI waveguide,” Appl. Phys. B73(5), 613–618 (2001). [CrossRef]
- A. Katigbak, J. F. Strother, and J. Lin, “Compact silicon slot waveguide polarization splitter,” Opt. Eng.48(8), 080503 (2009). [CrossRef]
- R. Nagarajan, J. Rahn, M. Kato, J. Pleumeekers, D. Lambert, V. Lal, H. S. Tsai, A. Nilsson, A. Dentai, M. Kuntz, R. Malendevich, J. Tang, J. Zhang, T. Butrie, M. Raburn, B. Little, W. Chen, G. Goldfarb, V. Dominic, B. Taylor, M. Reffle, F. Kish, and D. Welch, “10 Channel, 45.6 Gb/s per channel, polarization-multiplexed DQPSK, InP receiver photonic integrated circuit,” J. Lightwave Technol.29(4), 386–395 (2011). [CrossRef]
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- B. M. A. Rahman, N. Somasiri, C. Themistos, and K. T. V. Grattan, “Design of optical polarization splitters in a single-section deeply etched MMI waveguide,” Appl. Phys. B73(5), 613–618 (2001). [CrossRef]
- R. Nagarajan, J. Rahn, M. Kato, J. Pleumeekers, D. Lambert, V. Lal, H. S. Tsai, A. Nilsson, A. Dentai, M. Kuntz, R. Malendevich, J. Tang, J. Zhang, T. Butrie, M. Raburn, B. Little, W. Chen, G. Goldfarb, V. Dominic, B. Taylor, M. Reffle, F. Kish, and D. Welch, “10 Channel, 45.6 Gb/s per channel, polarization-multiplexed DQPSK, InP receiver photonic integrated circuit,” J. Lightwave Technol.29(4), 386–395 (2011). [CrossRef]
- L. M. Augustin, R. Hanfoug, J. J. G. M. van der Tol, W. J. M. de Laat, and M. K. Smit, “A compact integrated polarization splitter/converter in InGaAsP-InP,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.19(17), 1286–1288 (2007). [CrossRef]
- L. B. Soldano, A. I. de Vreede, M. K. Smit, B. H. Verbeek, E. G. Metaal, and F. H. Green, “Mach-Zehnder interferometer polarization splitter in InGaAsP/InP,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.6(3), 402–405 (1994). [CrossRef]
- T. Barwicz, M. R. Watts, M. A. Popovic, P. T. Rakich, L. Socci, F. X. Kartner, E. P. Ippen, and H. I. Smith, “Polarization-transparent microphotonic devices in the strong confinement limit,” Nat. Photonics1(1), 57–60 (2007). [CrossRef]
- R. Nagarajan, J. Rahn, M. Kato, J. Pleumeekers, D. Lambert, V. Lal, H. S. Tsai, A. Nilsson, A. Dentai, M. Kuntz, R. Malendevich, J. Tang, J. Zhang, T. Butrie, M. Raburn, B. Little, W. Chen, G. Goldfarb, V. Dominic, B. Taylor, M. Reffle, F. Kish, and D. Welch, “10 Channel, 45.6 Gb/s per channel, polarization-multiplexed DQPSK, InP receiver photonic integrated circuit,” J. Lightwave Technol.29(4), 386–395 (2011). [CrossRef]
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Appl. Phys. B
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Appl. Phys. Lett.
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Electron. Lett.
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IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.
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J. Lightwave Technol.
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Nat. Photonics
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Opt. Eng.
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Opt. Express
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Opt. Quantum Electron.
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Proc. SPIE
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Other
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2012, Yuan, Opt. Express
- R. Nagarajan, J. Rahn, M. Kato, J. Pleumeekers, D. Lambert, V. Lal, H. S. Tsai, A. Nilsson, A. Dentai, M. Kuntz, R. Malendevich, J. Tang, J. Zhang, T. Butrie, M. Raburn, B. Little, W. Chen, G. Goldfarb, V. Dominic, B. Taylor, M. Reffle, F. Kish, and D. Welch, “10 Channel, 45.6 Gb/s per channel, polarization-multiplexed DQPSK, InP receiver photonic integrated circuit,” J. Lightwave Technol.29(4), 386–395 (2011). [CrossRef]
- A. Katigbak, J. F. Strother, and J. Lin, “Compact silicon slot waveguide polarization splitter,” Opt. Eng.48(8), 080503 (2009). [CrossRef]
- L. M. Augustin, R. Hanfoug, J. J. G. M. van der Tol, W. J. M. de Laat, and M. K. Smit, “A compact integrated polarization splitter/converter in InGaAsP-InP,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.19(17), 1286–1288 (2007). [CrossRef]
- T. Barwicz, M. R. Watts, M. A. Popovic, P. T. Rakich, L. Socci, F. X. Kartner, E. P. Ippen, and H. I. Smith, “Polarization-transparent microphotonic devices in the strong confinement limit,” Nat. Photonics1(1), 57–60 (2007). [CrossRef]
- J. M. Hong, H. H. Ryu, S. R. Park, J. W. Jeong, S. G. Lee, E. H. Lee, S. G. Park, D. Woo, S. Kim, and O. Beom-Hoan, “Design and fabrication of a significantly shortened multimode interference coupler for polarization splitter application,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.15(1), 72–74 (2003). [CrossRef]
- D. F. G. Gallagher and T. P. Felici, “Eigenmode expansion methods for simulation of optical propagation in photonics: pros and cons,” Proc. SPIE4987, 69–82 (2003). [CrossRef]
- B. M. A. Rahman, N. Somasiri, C. Themistos, and K. T. V. Grattan, “Design of optical polarization splitters in a single-section deeply etched MMI waveguide,” Appl. Phys. B73(5), 613–618 (2001). [CrossRef]
- H. Goto, K. Shibahara, and S. Yokoyama, “Atomic layer controlled deposition of silicon nitride with self-limiting mechanism,” Appl. Phys. Lett.68(23), 3257–3259 (1996). [CrossRef]
- Q. Lai, M. Bachmann, W. Hunziker, P. A. Besse, and H. Melchior, “Arbitrary ratio power splitters using angled silica on silicon multimode interference couplers,” Electron. Lett.32(17), 1576–1577 (1996). [CrossRef]
- L. B. Soldano, A. I. de Vreede, M. K. Smit, B. H. Verbeek, E. G. Metaal, and F. H. Green, “Mach-Zehnder interferometer polarization splitter in InGaAsP/InP,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.6(3), 402–405 (1994). [CrossRef]
- S. C. Rashleigh, “Four-layer metal-clad thin film optical waveguides,” Opt. Quantum Electron.8(1), 49–60 (1976). [CrossRef]
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