Mapping the local dielectric response at the nanoscale by means of plasmonic force spectroscopy

doi:10.1364/OE.20.029626

Mapping the local dielectric response at the nanoscale by means of plasmonic force spectroscopy

Francesco De Angelis, Remo Proietti Zaccaria, and Enzo Di Fabrizio »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 28, pp. 29626-29633 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.029626

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Abstract

At the present, the local optical properties of nanostructured materials are difficult to be measured by available instrumentation. We investigated the capability of plasmonic force spectroscopy of measuring the optical response at the nanoscale. The proposed technique is based on force measurements performed by combining Atomic Force Microscopy, or optical tweezers, and adiabatic compression of surface plasmon polaritons. We show that the optical forces, caused by the plasmonic field, depend on the local response of the substrates and, in principle, allow probing both the real and the imaginary part of the local permittivity with a spatial resolution of few nanometers.

OCIS Codes
(180.5810) Microscopy : Scanning microscopy
(240.6680) Optics at surfaces : Surface plasmons
(310.6628) Thin films : Subwavelength structures, nanostructures

ToC Category:
Microscopy

History
Original Manuscript: July 26, 2012
Revised Manuscript: October 29, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: November 5, 2012
Published: December 20, 2012

Virtual Issues
Vol. 8, Iss. 1 Virtual Journal for Biomedical Optics

Citation
Francesco De Angelis, Remo Proietti Zaccaria, and Enzo Di Fabrizio, "Mapping the local dielectric response at the nanoscale by means of plasmonic force spectroscopy," Opt. Express 20, 29626-29633 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-20-28-29626

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References

M. L. Juan, M. Righini, and R. Quidant, “Plasmon nano-optical tweezers,” Nat. Photonics 5(6), 349–356 (2011). [CrossRef]
L. Novotny, R. X. Bian, and X. S. Xie, “Theory of nanometric optical tweezers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 79(4), 645–648 (1997). [CrossRef]
P. C. Chaumet, A. Rahmani, and M. Nieto-Vesperinas, “Optical trapping and manipulation of nano-objects with an apertureless probe,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 88(12), 123601 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
M. Righini, A. S. Zelenina, C. Girard, and R. Quidant, “Parallel and selective trapping in a patterned plasmonic landscape,” Nat. Phys. 3(7), 477–480 (2007). [CrossRef]
C. Chen, M. L. Juan, Y. Li, G. Maes, G. Borghs, P. Van Dorpe, and R. Quidant, “Enhanced optical trapping and arrangement of nano-objects in a plasmonic nanocavity,” Nano Lett. 12(1), 125–132 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. R. Arias-González and M. Nieto-Vesperinas, “Optical forces on small particles: attractive and repulsive nature and plasmon-resonance conditions,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 20(7), 1201–1209 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
F. De Angelis, G. Das, P. Candeloro, M. Patrini, M. Galli, A. Bek, M. Lazzarino, I. Maksymov, C. Liberale, L. C. Andreani, and E. Di Fabrizio, “Nanoscale chemical mapping using three-dimensional adiabatic compression of surface plasmon polaritons,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 5(1), 67–72 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
F. De Angelis, M. Patrini, G. Das, I. Maksymov, M. Galli, L. Businaro, L. C. Andreani, and E. Di Fabrizio, “A hybrid plasmonic-photonic nanodevice for label-free detection of a few molecules,” Nano Lett. 8(8), 2321–2327 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
A. Weber-Bargioni, A. Schwartzberg, M. Cornaglia, A. Ismach, J. J. Urban, Y. Pang, R. Gordon, J. Bokor, M. B. Salmeron, D. F. Ogletree, P. Ashby, S. Cabrini, and P. J. Schuck, “Hyperspectral nanoscale imaging on dielectric substrates with coaxial optical antenna scan probes,” Nano Lett. 11(3), 1201–1207 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
C. C. Neacsu, S. Berweger, R. L. Olmon, L. V. Saraf, C. Ropers, and M. B. Raschke, “Near-field localization in plasmonic superfocusing: a nanoemitter on a tip,” Nano Lett. 10(2), 592–596 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
S. Berweger, J. M. Atkin, X. G. Xu, R. L. Olmon, and M. B. Raschke, “Femtosecond nanofocusing with full optical waveform control,” Nano Lett. 11(10), 4309–4313 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
N. C. Lindquist, P. Nagpal, A. Lesuffleur, D. J. Norris, and S. H. Oh, “Three-dimensional plasmonic nanofocusing,” Nano Lett. 10(4), 1369–1373 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
A. Weber-Bargioni, A. Schwartzberg, M. Schmidt, B. Harteneck, D. F. Ogletree, P. J. Schuck, and S. Cabrini, “Functional plasmonic antenna scanning probes fabricated by induced-deposition mask lithography,” Nanotechnology 21(6), 065306 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Kohoutek, D. Dey, A. Bonakdar, R. Gelfand, A. Sklar, O. G. Memis, and H. Mohseni, “Opto-mechanical force mapping of deep subwavelength plasmonic modes,” Nano Lett. 11(8), 3378–3382 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. F. Song, R. P. Zaccaria, G. Dong, E. Di Fabrizio, M. B. Yu, and G. Q. Lo, “Evolution of modes in a metal-coated nano-fiber,” Opt. Express 19(25), 25206–25221 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
A. Mohammadi and M. Agio, “Light scattering under nanofocusing: toward coherent nanoscopies,” Opt. Commun. 285(16), 3383–3389 (2012). [CrossRef]
A. A. Mikhailovsky, M. A. Petruska, M. I. Stockman, and V. I. Klimov, “Broad band near-field interference spectroscopy of metal nanoparticles using a femtosecond white-light continuum,” Opt. Lett. 28(18), 1686–1688 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
X. W. Chen, V. Sandoghdar, and M. Agio, “Nanofocusing radially-polarized beams for high-throughput funneling of optical energy to the near field,” Opt. Express 18(10), 10878–10887 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
F. De Angelis, R. P. Zaccaria, M. Francardi, C. Liberale, and E. Di Fabrizio, “Multi-scheme approach for efficient surface plasmon polariton generation in metallic conical tips on AFM-based cantilevers,” Opt. Express 19(22), 22268–22279 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
F. De Angelis, F. Gentile, F. Mecarini, G. Das, M. Moretti, P. Candeloro, M. L. Coluccio, G. Cojoc, A. Accardo, C. Liberale, R. P. Zaccaria, G. Perozziello, L. Tirinato, A. Toma, G. Cuda, R. Cingolani, and E. Di Fabrizio, “Breaking the diffusion limit with super-hydrophobic delivery of molecules to plasmonic nanofocusing SERS structures,” Nat. Photonics 5(11), 682–687 (2011). [CrossRef]
R. P. Zaccaria, F. De Angelis, A. Toma, L. Razzari, A. Alabastri, G. Das, C. Liberale, and E. Di Fabrizio, “Surface plasmon polariton compression through radially and linearly polarized source,” Opt. Lett. 37(4), 545–547 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
M. I. Stockman, “Nanofocusing of optical energy in tapered plasmonic waveguides,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 93(13), 137404 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
R. Proietti Zaccaria, A. Alabastri, F. De Angelis, G. Das, C. Liberale, A. Toma, A. Giugni, L. Razzari, M. Malerba, H. B. Sun, and E. Di Fabrizio, “Fully analytical description of adiabatic compression in dissipative polaritonic structures,” Phys. Rev. B 86(3), 035410 (2012). [CrossRef]
K. C. Neuman and A. Nagy, “Single-molecule force spectroscopy: optical tweezers, magnetic tweezers and atomic force microscopy,” Nat. Methods 5(6), 491–505 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
C. Liberale, P. Minzioni, F. Bragheri, F. De Angelis, E. Di Fabrizio, and I. Cristiani, “Miniaturized all-fibre probe for three-dimensional optical trapping and manipulation,” Nat. Photonics 1(12), 723–727 (2007). [CrossRef]
F. De Angelis, C. Liberale, M. L. Coluccio, G. Cojoc, and E. Di Fabrizio, “Emerging fabrication techniques for 3D nano-structuring in plasmonics and single molecule studies,” Nanoscale 3(7), 2689–2696 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
www.lumerical.com
www.cst.com
G. Baffou, R. Quidant, and F. J. García de Abajo, “Nanoscale control of optical heating in complex plasmonic systems,” ACS Nano 4(2), 709–716 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. N. Israelachvili, Intermolecular and surface forces (Academic Press, 2010).
H. Hövel, S. Fritz, A. Hilger, U. Kreibig, and M. Vollmer, “Width of cluster plasmon resonances: bulk dielectric functions and chemical interface damping,” Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter 48(24), 18178–18188 (1993). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
S. J. Youn, T. H. Rho, B. I. Min, and K. S. Kim, “Extended Drude model analysis of noble metals,” Phys. Status Solidi, B Basic Res. 244(4), 1354–1362 (2007). [CrossRef]

Accardo, A.
Agio, M.
Alabastri, A.
Andreani, L. C.
Arias-González, J. R.
Ashby, P.
Atkin, J. M.
Baffou, G.
Bek, A.
Berweger, S.
Bian, R. X.
Bokor, J.
Bonakdar, A.
Borghs, G.
Bragheri, F.
Businaro, L.
Cabrini, S.
Candeloro, P.
Chaumet, P. C.
Chen, C.
Chen, X. W.
Cingolani, R.
Cojoc, G.
Coluccio, M. L.
Cornaglia, M.
Cristiani, I.
Cuda, G.
Das, G.
De Angelis, F.
Dey, D.
Di Fabrizio, E.
Dong, G.
Francardi, M.
Fritz, S.
Galli, M.
García de Abajo, F. J.
Gelfand, R.
Gentile, F.
Girard, C.
Giugni, A.
Gordon, R.
Harteneck, B.
Hilger, A.
Hövel, H.
Ismach, A.
Juan, M. L.
Kim, K. S.
Klimov, V. I.
Kohoutek, J.
Kreibig, U.
Lazzarino, M.
Lesuffleur, A.
Li, Y.
Liberale, C.
Lindquist, N. C.
Lo, G. Q.
Maes, G.
Maksymov, I.
Malerba, M.
Mecarini, F.
Memis, O. G.
Mikhailovsky, A. A.
Min, B. I.
Minzioni, P.
Mohammadi, A.
Mohseni, H.
Moretti, M.
Nagpal, P.
Nagy, A.
Neacsu, C. C.
Neuman, K. C.
Nieto-Vesperinas, M.
Norris, D. J.
Novotny, L.
Ogletree, D. F.
Oh, S. H.
Olmon, R. L.
Pang, Y.
Patrini, M.
Perozziello, G.
Petruska, M. A.
Proietti Zaccaria, R.
Quidant, R.
Rahmani, A.
Raschke, M. B.
Razzari, L.
Rho, T. H.
Righini, M.
Ropers, C.
Salmeron, M. B.
Sandoghdar, V.
Saraf, L. V.
Schmidt, M.
Schuck, P. J.
Schwartzberg, A.
Sklar, A.
Song, J. F.
Stockman, M. I.
Sun, H. B.
Tirinato, L.
Toma, A.
Urban, J. J.
Van Dorpe, P.
Vollmer, M.
Weber-Bargioni, A.
Xie, X. S.
Xu, X. G.
Youn, S. J.
Yu, M. B.
Zaccaria, R. P.
Zelenina, A. S.

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[1] M. L. Juan, M. Righini, and R. Quidant, “Plasmon nano-optical tweezers,” Nat. Photonics 5(6), 349–356 (2011). [CrossRef]

[2] L. Novotny, R. X. Bian, and X. S. Xie, “Theory of nanometric optical tweezers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 79(4), 645–648 (1997). [CrossRef]

[3] P. C. Chaumet, A. Rahmani, and M. Nieto-Vesperinas, “Optical trapping and manipulation of nano-objects with an apertureless probe,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 88(12), 123601 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[4] M. Righini, A. S. Zelenina, C. Girard, and R. Quidant, “Parallel and selective trapping in a patterned plasmonic landscape,” Nat. Phys. 3(7), 477–480 (2007). [CrossRef]

[5] C. Chen, M. L. Juan, Y. Li, G. Maes, G. Borghs, P. Van Dorpe, and R. Quidant, “Enhanced optical trapping and arrangement of nano-objects in a plasmonic nanocavity,” Nano Lett. 12(1), 125–132 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[6] J. R. Arias-González and M. Nieto-Vesperinas, “Optical forces on small particles: attractive and repulsive nature and plasmon-resonance conditions,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 20(7), 1201–1209 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[7] F. De Angelis, G. Das, P. Candeloro, M. Patrini, M. Galli, A. Bek, M. Lazzarino, I. Maksymov, C. Liberale, L. C. Andreani, and E. Di Fabrizio, “Nanoscale chemical mapping using three-dimensional adiabatic compression of surface plasmon polaritons,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 5(1), 67–72 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[8] F. De Angelis, M. Patrini, G. Das, I. Maksymov, M. Galli, L. Businaro, L. C. Andreani, and E. Di Fabrizio, “A hybrid plasmonic-photonic nanodevice for label-free detection of a few molecules,” Nano Lett. 8(8), 2321–2327 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[9] A. Weber-Bargioni, A. Schwartzberg, M. Cornaglia, A. Ismach, J. J. Urban, Y. Pang, R. Gordon, J. Bokor, M. B. Salmeron, D. F. Ogletree, P. Ashby, S. Cabrini, and P. J. Schuck, “Hyperspectral nanoscale imaging on dielectric substrates with coaxial optical antenna scan probes,” Nano Lett. 11(3), 1201–1207 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[10] C. C. Neacsu, S. Berweger, R. L. Olmon, L. V. Saraf, C. Ropers, and M. B. Raschke, “Near-field localization in plasmonic superfocusing: a nanoemitter on a tip,” Nano Lett. 10(2), 592–596 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[11] S. Berweger, J. M. Atkin, X. G. Xu, R. L. Olmon, and M. B. Raschke, “Femtosecond nanofocusing with full optical waveform control,” Nano Lett. 11(10), 4309–4313 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[12] N. C. Lindquist, P. Nagpal, A. Lesuffleur, D. J. Norris, and S. H. Oh, “Three-dimensional plasmonic nanofocusing,” Nano Lett. 10(4), 1369–1373 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[13] A. Weber-Bargioni, A. Schwartzberg, M. Schmidt, B. Harteneck, D. F. Ogletree, P. J. Schuck, and S. Cabrini, “Functional plasmonic antenna scanning probes fabricated by induced-deposition mask lithography,” Nanotechnology 21(6), 065306 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[14] J. Kohoutek, D. Dey, A. Bonakdar, R. Gelfand, A. Sklar, O. G. Memis, and H. Mohseni, “Opto-mechanical force mapping of deep subwavelength plasmonic modes,” Nano Lett. 11(8), 3378–3382 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[15] J. F. Song, R. P. Zaccaria, G. Dong, E. Di Fabrizio, M. B. Yu, and G. Q. Lo, “Evolution of modes in a metal-coated nano-fiber,” Opt. Express 19(25), 25206–25221 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[16] A. Mohammadi and M. Agio, “Light scattering under nanofocusing: toward coherent nanoscopies,” Opt. Commun. 285(16), 3383–3389 (2012). [CrossRef]

[17] A. A. Mikhailovsky, M. A. Petruska, M. I. Stockman, and V. I. Klimov, “Broad band near-field interference spectroscopy of metal nanoparticles using a femtosecond white-light continuum,” Opt. Lett. 28(18), 1686–1688 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[18] X. W. Chen, V. Sandoghdar, and M. Agio, “Nanofocusing radially-polarized beams for high-throughput funneling of optical energy to the near field,” Opt. Express 18(10), 10878–10887 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[19] F. De Angelis, R. P. Zaccaria, M. Francardi, C. Liberale, and E. Di Fabrizio, “Multi-scheme approach for efficient surface plasmon polariton generation in metallic conical tips on AFM-based cantilevers,” Opt. Express 19(22), 22268–22279 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[20] F. De Angelis, F. Gentile, F. Mecarini, G. Das, M. Moretti, P. Candeloro, M. L. Coluccio, G. Cojoc, A. Accardo, C. Liberale, R. P. Zaccaria, G. Perozziello, L. Tirinato, A. Toma, G. Cuda, R. Cingolani, and E. Di Fabrizio, “Breaking the diffusion limit with super-hydrophobic delivery of molecules to plasmonic nanofocusing SERS structures,” Nat. Photonics 5(11), 682–687 (2011). [CrossRef]

[21] R. P. Zaccaria, F. De Angelis, A. Toma, L. Razzari, A. Alabastri, G. Das, C. Liberale, and E. Di Fabrizio, “Surface plasmon polariton compression through radially and linearly polarized source,” Opt. Lett. 37(4), 545–547 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[22] M. I. Stockman, “Nanofocusing of optical energy in tapered plasmonic waveguides,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 93(13), 137404 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[23] R. Proietti Zaccaria, A. Alabastri, F. De Angelis, G. Das, C. Liberale, A. Toma, A. Giugni, L. Razzari, M. Malerba, H. B. Sun, and E. Di Fabrizio, “Fully analytical description of adiabatic compression in dissipative polaritonic structures,” Phys. Rev. B 86(3), 035410 (2012). [CrossRef]

[24] K. C. Neuman and A. Nagy, “Single-molecule force spectroscopy: optical tweezers, magnetic tweezers and atomic force microscopy,” Nat. Methods 5(6), 491–505 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[25] C. Liberale, P. Minzioni, F. Bragheri, F. De Angelis, E. Di Fabrizio, and I. Cristiani, “Miniaturized all-fibre probe for three-dimensional optical trapping and manipulation,” Nat. Photonics 1(12), 723–727 (2007). [CrossRef]

[26] F. De Angelis, C. Liberale, M. L. Coluccio, G. Cojoc, and E. Di Fabrizio, “Emerging fabrication techniques for 3D nano-structuring in plasmonics and single molecule studies,” Nanoscale 3(7), 2689–2696 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[27] www.lumerical.com

[28] www.cst.com

[29] G. Baffou, R. Quidant, and F. J. García de Abajo, “Nanoscale control of optical heating in complex plasmonic systems,” ACS Nano 4(2), 709–716 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[30] J. N. Israelachvili, Intermolecular and surface forces (Academic Press, 2010).

[31] H. Hövel, S. Fritz, A. Hilger, U. Kreibig, and M. Vollmer, “Width of cluster plasmon resonances: bulk dielectric functions and chemical interface damping,” Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter 48(24), 18178–18188 (1993). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[32] S. J. Youn, T. H. Rho, B. I. Min, and K. S. Kim, “Extended Drude model analysis of noble metals,” Phys. Status Solidi, B Basic Res. 244(4), 1354–1362 (2007). [CrossRef]

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Mapping the local dielectric response at the nanoscale by means of plasmonic force spectroscopy