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Continuous-wave interband cascade lasers operating above room temperature at λ = 4.7-5.6 μmWilliam W. Bewley, Chadwick L. Canedy, Chul Soo Kim, Mijin Kim, Charles D. Merritt, Joshua Abell, Igor Vurgaftman, and Jerry R. Meyer »View Author Affiliations
William W. Bewley,1
Chadwick L. Canedy,1
Chul Soo Kim,1
Mijin Kim,2
Charles D. Merritt,1
Joshua Abell,1
Igor Vurgaftman,1,*
and Jerry R. Meyer1
1Code 5613, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA 2Sotera Defense Solutions, Inc., Crofton, MD 21114, USA *Corresponding author: vurgaftman@nrl.navy.mil |
Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 3, pp. 3235-3240 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.003235
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Abstract
We have substantially improved the performance of interband cascade lasers emitting at λ = 4.7 and 5.6 μm, by applying the recently-pioneered approach of heavily doping the injector regions to rebalance the electron and hole concentrations in the active quantum wells. Ridges of ≈10 μm width, 4 mm length, and high-reflectivity back facets achieve maximum continuous wave operating temperatures of 60°C and 48°C, respectively. The threshold power density of ≈1 kW/cm2 at T = 25°C is over an order of magnitude lower than for state-of-the-art quantum cascade lasers emitting in this spectral range.
© 2012 OSA
OCIS Codes
(140.2020) Lasers and laser optics : Diode lasers
(140.5960) Lasers and laser optics : Semiconductor lasers
ToC Category:
Lasers and Laser Optics
History
Original Manuscript: January 10, 2012
Revised Manuscript: January 23, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: January 23, 2012
Published: January 26, 2012
Virtual Issues
March 22, 2012 Spotlight on Optics
Citation
William W. Bewley, Chadwick L. Canedy, Chul Soo Kim, Mijin Kim, Charles D. Merritt, Joshua Abell, Igor Vurgaftman, and Jerry R. Meyer, "Continuous-wave interband cascade lasers operating above room temperature at λ = 4.7-5.6 μm," Opt. Express 20, 3235-3240 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-20-3-3235
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References
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- I. Vurgaftman, W. W. Bewley, C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, C. D. Merritt, J. Abell, J. R. Lindle, and J. R. Meyer, “Rebalancing of internally generated carriers for mid-infrared interband cascade lasers with very low power consumption,” Nature Commun2, 585 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. W. Bewley, C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, J. R. Lindle, J. Abell, I. Vurgaftman, and J. R. Meyer, “Ridge width dependence of mid-infrared interband cascade laser characteristics,” Opt. Eng.49(11), 111116 (2010). [CrossRef]
- I. Vurgaftman, C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, W. W. Bewley, J. R. Lindle, J. Abell, and J. R. Meyer, “Mid-infrared interband cascade lasers operating at ambient temperatures,” New J. Phys.11(12), 125015 (2009). [CrossRef]
- C. S. Kim, M. Kim, J. R. Lindle, W. W. Bewley, C. L. Canedy, J. Abell, I. Vurgaftman, and J. R. Meyer, “Corrugated-sidewall interband cascade lasers single-mode midwave-infrared emission at room temperature,” Appl. Phys. Lett.95(23), 231103 (2009). [CrossRef]
- C.-H. Lin, R. Q. Yang, D. Zhang, S. J. Murry, S. S. Pei, A. A. Allerman, and S. R. Kurtz, “Type-II interband quantum cascade laser at 3.8 μm,” Electron. Lett.33(7), 598–599 (1997). [CrossRef]
- Y. Bai, S. R. Darvish, N. Bandyopadhyay, S. Slivken, and M. Razeghi, “Optimizing facet coating of quantum cascade lasers for low power consumption,” J. Appl. Phys.109(5), 053103 (2011). [CrossRef]
- Y. Bai, S. Slivken, S. R. Darvish, and M. Razeghi, “Room-temperature continuous-wave operation of quantum cascade lasers with 12.5% wall plug efficiency,” Appl. Phys. Lett.93(2), 021103 (2008). [CrossRef]
- Y. Bai, S. R. Darvish, N. Bandyopadhyay, S. Slivken, and M. Razeghi, “Optimizing facet coating of quantum cascade lasers for low power consumption,” J. Appl. Phys.109(5), 053103 (2011). [CrossRef]
- I. Vurgaftman, W. W. Bewley, C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, J. R. Lindle, C. D. Merritt, J. Abell, and J. R. Meyer, “Mid-IR type-II interband cascade lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.17(5), 1435–1444 (2011). [CrossRef]
- I. Vurgaftman, W. W. Bewley, C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, C. D. Merritt, J. Abell, J. R. Lindle, and J. R. Meyer, “Rebalancing of internally generated carriers for mid-infrared interband cascade lasers with very low power consumption,” Nature Commun2, 585 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. W. Bewley, C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, J. R. Lindle, J. Abell, I. Vurgaftman, and J. R. Meyer, “Ridge width dependence of mid-infrared interband cascade laser characteristics,” Opt. Eng.49(11), 111116 (2010). [CrossRef]
- I. Vurgaftman, C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, W. W. Bewley, J. R. Lindle, J. Abell, and J. R. Meyer, “Mid-infrared interband cascade lasers operating at ambient temperatures,” New J. Phys.11(12), 125015 (2009). [CrossRef]
- C. S. Kim, M. Kim, J. R. Lindle, W. W. Bewley, C. L. Canedy, J. Abell, I. Vurgaftman, and J. R. Meyer, “Corrugated-sidewall interband cascade lasers single-mode midwave-infrared emission at room temperature,” Appl. Phys. Lett.95(23), 231103 (2009). [CrossRef]
- C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, D. C. Larrabee, J. A. Nolde, W. W. Bewley, I. Vurgaftman, and J. R. Meyer, “High-power, narrow-ridge, mid-infared interband cascade lasers,” J. Vac. Sci. Technol.26(3), 1160–1162 (2008). [CrossRef]
- C. L. Canedy, W. W. Bewley, J. R. Lindle, J. A. Nolde, D. C. Larrabee, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, I. Vurgaftman, and J. R. Meyer, “Interband cascade lasers with wavelenghths spanning 2.9 μm to 5.2 μm,” J. Electron. Mater.37(12), 1780–1785 (2008). [CrossRef]
- I. Vurgaftman, W. W. Bewley, C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, C. D. Merritt, J. Abell, J. R. Lindle, and J. R. Meyer, “Rebalancing of internally generated carriers for mid-infrared interband cascade lasers with very low power consumption,” Nature Commun2, 585 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. Vurgaftman, W. W. Bewley, C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, J. R. Lindle, C. D. Merritt, J. Abell, and J. R. Meyer, “Mid-IR type-II interband cascade lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.17(5), 1435–1444 (2011). [CrossRef]
- W. W. Bewley, C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, J. R. Lindle, J. Abell, I. Vurgaftman, and J. R. Meyer, “Ridge width dependence of mid-infrared interband cascade laser characteristics,” Opt. Eng.49(11), 111116 (2010). [CrossRef]
- I. Vurgaftman, C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, W. W. Bewley, J. R. Lindle, J. Abell, and J. R. Meyer, “Mid-infrared interband cascade lasers operating at ambient temperatures,” New J. Phys.11(12), 125015 (2009). [CrossRef]
- C. S. Kim, M. Kim, J. R. Lindle, W. W. Bewley, C. L. Canedy, J. Abell, I. Vurgaftman, and J. R. Meyer, “Corrugated-sidewall interband cascade lasers single-mode midwave-infrared emission at room temperature,” Appl. Phys. Lett.95(23), 231103 (2009). [CrossRef]
- C. L. Canedy, W. W. Bewley, J. R. Lindle, J. A. Nolde, D. C. Larrabee, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, I. Vurgaftman, and J. R. Meyer, “Interband cascade lasers with wavelenghths spanning 2.9 μm to 5.2 μm,” J. Electron. Mater.37(12), 1780–1785 (2008). [CrossRef]
- C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, D. C. Larrabee, J. A. Nolde, W. W. Bewley, I. Vurgaftman, and J. R. Meyer, “High-power, narrow-ridge, mid-infared interband cascade lasers,” J. Vac. Sci. Technol.26(3), 1160–1162 (2008). [CrossRef]
- A. Lyakh, R. Maulini, A. Tsekoun, R. Go, C. Pflügl, L. Diehl, Q. J. Wang, F. Capasso, and C. K. N. Patel, “3 W continuous-wave room temperature single-facet emission from quantum cascade lasers based on nonresonant extraction design approach,” Appl. Phys. Lett.95(14), 141113 (2009). [CrossRef]
- Z. Tian, C. Chen, R. Q. Yang, T. D. Mishima, M. B. Santos, J. C. Keay, M. B. Johnson, and J. F. Klem, “InAs-based plasmon-waveguide interband cascade lasers,” Proc. SPIE7616, 76161B, 76161B-9 (2010). [CrossRef]
- Y. Bai, S. R. Darvish, N. Bandyopadhyay, S. Slivken, and M. Razeghi, “Optimizing facet coating of quantum cascade lasers for low power consumption,” J. Appl. Phys.109(5), 053103 (2011). [CrossRef]
- Y. Bai, S. Slivken, S. R. Darvish, and M. Razeghi, “Room-temperature continuous-wave operation of quantum cascade lasers with 12.5% wall plug efficiency,” Appl. Phys. Lett.93(2), 021103 (2008). [CrossRef]
- A. Lyakh, R. Maulini, A. Tsekoun, R. Go, C. Pflügl, L. Diehl, Q. J. Wang, F. Capasso, and C. K. N. Patel, “3 W continuous-wave room temperature single-facet emission from quantum cascade lasers based on nonresonant extraction design approach,” Appl. Phys. Lett.95(14), 141113 (2009). [CrossRef]
- A. Lyakh, R. Maulini, A. Tsekoun, R. Go, C. Pflügl, L. Diehl, Q. J. Wang, F. Capasso, and C. K. N. Patel, “3 W continuous-wave room temperature single-facet emission from quantum cascade lasers based on nonresonant extraction design approach,” Appl. Phys. Lett.95(14), 141113 (2009). [CrossRef]
- Z. Tian, C. Chen, R. Q. Yang, T. D. Mishima, M. B. Santos, J. C. Keay, M. B. Johnson, and J. F. Klem, “InAs-based plasmon-waveguide interband cascade lasers,” Proc. SPIE7616, 76161B, 76161B-9 (2010). [CrossRef]
- Z. Tian, C. Chen, R. Q. Yang, T. D. Mishima, M. B. Santos, J. C. Keay, M. B. Johnson, and J. F. Klem, “InAs-based plasmon-waveguide interband cascade lasers,” Proc. SPIE7616, 76161B, 76161B-9 (2010). [CrossRef]
- I. Vurgaftman, W. W. Bewley, C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, J. R. Lindle, C. D. Merritt, J. Abell, and J. R. Meyer, “Mid-IR type-II interband cascade lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.17(5), 1435–1444 (2011). [CrossRef]
- I. Vurgaftman, W. W. Bewley, C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, C. D. Merritt, J. Abell, J. R. Lindle, and J. R. Meyer, “Rebalancing of internally generated carriers for mid-infrared interband cascade lasers with very low power consumption,” Nature Commun2, 585 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. W. Bewley, C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, J. R. Lindle, J. Abell, I. Vurgaftman, and J. R. Meyer, “Ridge width dependence of mid-infrared interband cascade laser characteristics,” Opt. Eng.49(11), 111116 (2010). [CrossRef]
- I. Vurgaftman, C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, W. W. Bewley, J. R. Lindle, J. Abell, and J. R. Meyer, “Mid-infrared interband cascade lasers operating at ambient temperatures,” New J. Phys.11(12), 125015 (2009). [CrossRef]
- C. S. Kim, M. Kim, J. R. Lindle, W. W. Bewley, C. L. Canedy, J. Abell, I. Vurgaftman, and J. R. Meyer, “Corrugated-sidewall interband cascade lasers single-mode midwave-infrared emission at room temperature,” Appl. Phys. Lett.95(23), 231103 (2009). [CrossRef]
- C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, D. C. Larrabee, J. A. Nolde, W. W. Bewley, I. Vurgaftman, and J. R. Meyer, “High-power, narrow-ridge, mid-infared interband cascade lasers,” J. Vac. Sci. Technol.26(3), 1160–1162 (2008). [CrossRef]
- C. L. Canedy, W. W. Bewley, J. R. Lindle, J. A. Nolde, D. C. Larrabee, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, I. Vurgaftman, and J. R. Meyer, “Interband cascade lasers with wavelenghths spanning 2.9 μm to 5.2 μm,” J. Electron. Mater.37(12), 1780–1785 (2008). [CrossRef]
- I. Vurgaftman, W. W. Bewley, C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, C. D. Merritt, J. Abell, J. R. Lindle, and J. R. Meyer, “Rebalancing of internally generated carriers for mid-infrared interband cascade lasers with very low power consumption,” Nature Commun2, 585 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. Vurgaftman, W. W. Bewley, C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, J. R. Lindle, C. D. Merritt, J. Abell, and J. R. Meyer, “Mid-IR type-II interband cascade lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.17(5), 1435–1444 (2011). [CrossRef]
- W. W. Bewley, C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, J. R. Lindle, J. Abell, I. Vurgaftman, and J. R. Meyer, “Ridge width dependence of mid-infrared interband cascade laser characteristics,” Opt. Eng.49(11), 111116 (2010). [CrossRef]
- I. Vurgaftman, C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, W. W. Bewley, J. R. Lindle, J. Abell, and J. R. Meyer, “Mid-infrared interband cascade lasers operating at ambient temperatures,” New J. Phys.11(12), 125015 (2009). [CrossRef]
- C. S. Kim, M. Kim, J. R. Lindle, W. W. Bewley, C. L. Canedy, J. Abell, I. Vurgaftman, and J. R. Meyer, “Corrugated-sidewall interband cascade lasers single-mode midwave-infrared emission at room temperature,” Appl. Phys. Lett.95(23), 231103 (2009). [CrossRef]
- C. L. Canedy, W. W. Bewley, J. R. Lindle, J. A. Nolde, D. C. Larrabee, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, I. Vurgaftman, and J. R. Meyer, “Interband cascade lasers with wavelenghths spanning 2.9 μm to 5.2 μm,” J. Electron. Mater.37(12), 1780–1785 (2008). [CrossRef]
- C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, D. C. Larrabee, J. A. Nolde, W. W. Bewley, I. Vurgaftman, and J. R. Meyer, “High-power, narrow-ridge, mid-infared interband cascade lasers,” J. Vac. Sci. Technol.26(3), 1160–1162 (2008). [CrossRef]
- Z. Tian, C. Chen, R. Q. Yang, T. D. Mishima, M. B. Santos, J. C. Keay, M. B. Johnson, and J. F. Klem, “InAs-based plasmon-waveguide interband cascade lasers,” Proc. SPIE7616, 76161B, 76161B-9 (2010). [CrossRef]
- C.-H. Lin, R. Q. Yang, D. Zhang, S. J. Murry, S. S. Pei, A. A. Allerman, and S. R. Kurtz, “Type-II interband quantum cascade laser at 3.8 μm,” Electron. Lett.33(7), 598–599 (1997). [CrossRef]
- C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, D. C. Larrabee, J. A. Nolde, W. W. Bewley, I. Vurgaftman, and J. R. Meyer, “High-power, narrow-ridge, mid-infared interband cascade lasers,” J. Vac. Sci. Technol.26(3), 1160–1162 (2008). [CrossRef]
- C. L. Canedy, W. W. Bewley, J. R. Lindle, J. A. Nolde, D. C. Larrabee, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, I. Vurgaftman, and J. R. Meyer, “Interband cascade lasers with wavelenghths spanning 2.9 μm to 5.2 μm,” J. Electron. Mater.37(12), 1780–1785 (2008). [CrossRef]
- C.-H. Lin, R. Q. Yang, D. Zhang, S. J. Murry, S. S. Pei, A. A. Allerman, and S. R. Kurtz, “Type-II interband quantum cascade laser at 3.8 μm,” Electron. Lett.33(7), 598–599 (1997). [CrossRef]
- I. Vurgaftman, W. W. Bewley, C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, J. R. Lindle, C. D. Merritt, J. Abell, and J. R. Meyer, “Mid-IR type-II interband cascade lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.17(5), 1435–1444 (2011). [CrossRef]
- I. Vurgaftman, W. W. Bewley, C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, C. D. Merritt, J. Abell, J. R. Lindle, and J. R. Meyer, “Rebalancing of internally generated carriers for mid-infrared interband cascade lasers with very low power consumption,” Nature Commun2, 585 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. W. Bewley, C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, J. R. Lindle, J. Abell, I. Vurgaftman, and J. R. Meyer, “Ridge width dependence of mid-infrared interband cascade laser characteristics,” Opt. Eng.49(11), 111116 (2010). [CrossRef]
- I. Vurgaftman, C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, W. W. Bewley, J. R. Lindle, J. Abell, and J. R. Meyer, “Mid-infrared interband cascade lasers operating at ambient temperatures,” New J. Phys.11(12), 125015 (2009). [CrossRef]
- C. S. Kim, M. Kim, J. R. Lindle, W. W. Bewley, C. L. Canedy, J. Abell, I. Vurgaftman, and J. R. Meyer, “Corrugated-sidewall interband cascade lasers single-mode midwave-infrared emission at room temperature,” Appl. Phys. Lett.95(23), 231103 (2009). [CrossRef]
- C. L. Canedy, W. W. Bewley, J. R. Lindle, J. A. Nolde, D. C. Larrabee, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, I. Vurgaftman, and J. R. Meyer, “Interband cascade lasers with wavelenghths spanning 2.9 μm to 5.2 μm,” J. Electron. Mater.37(12), 1780–1785 (2008). [CrossRef]
- A. Lyakh, R. Maulini, A. Tsekoun, R. Go, C. Pflügl, L. Diehl, Q. J. Wang, F. Capasso, and C. K. N. Patel, “3 W continuous-wave room temperature single-facet emission from quantum cascade lasers based on nonresonant extraction design approach,” Appl. Phys. Lett.95(14), 141113 (2009). [CrossRef]
- A. Lyakh, R. Maulini, A. Tsekoun, R. Go, C. Pflügl, L. Diehl, Q. J. Wang, F. Capasso, and C. K. N. Patel, “3 W continuous-wave room temperature single-facet emission from quantum cascade lasers based on nonresonant extraction design approach,” Appl. Phys. Lett.95(14), 141113 (2009). [CrossRef]
- I. Vurgaftman, W. W. Bewley, C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, J. R. Lindle, C. D. Merritt, J. Abell, and J. R. Meyer, “Mid-IR type-II interband cascade lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.17(5), 1435–1444 (2011). [CrossRef]
- I. Vurgaftman, W. W. Bewley, C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, C. D. Merritt, J. Abell, J. R. Lindle, and J. R. Meyer, “Rebalancing of internally generated carriers for mid-infrared interband cascade lasers with very low power consumption,” Nature Commun2, 585 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. Vurgaftman, W. W. Bewley, C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, C. D. Merritt, J. Abell, J. R. Lindle, and J. R. Meyer, “Rebalancing of internally generated carriers for mid-infrared interband cascade lasers with very low power consumption,” Nature Commun2, 585 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. Vurgaftman, W. W. Bewley, C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, J. R. Lindle, C. D. Merritt, J. Abell, and J. R. Meyer, “Mid-IR type-II interband cascade lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.17(5), 1435–1444 (2011). [CrossRef]
- W. W. Bewley, C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, J. R. Lindle, J. Abell, I. Vurgaftman, and J. R. Meyer, “Ridge width dependence of mid-infrared interband cascade laser characteristics,” Opt. Eng.49(11), 111116 (2010). [CrossRef]
- I. Vurgaftman, C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, W. W. Bewley, J. R. Lindle, J. Abell, and J. R. Meyer, “Mid-infrared interband cascade lasers operating at ambient temperatures,” New J. Phys.11(12), 125015 (2009). [CrossRef]
- C. S. Kim, M. Kim, J. R. Lindle, W. W. Bewley, C. L. Canedy, J. Abell, I. Vurgaftman, and J. R. Meyer, “Corrugated-sidewall interband cascade lasers single-mode midwave-infrared emission at room temperature,” Appl. Phys. Lett.95(23), 231103 (2009). [CrossRef]
- C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, D. C. Larrabee, J. A. Nolde, W. W. Bewley, I. Vurgaftman, and J. R. Meyer, “High-power, narrow-ridge, mid-infared interband cascade lasers,” J. Vac. Sci. Technol.26(3), 1160–1162 (2008). [CrossRef]
- C. L. Canedy, W. W. Bewley, J. R. Lindle, J. A. Nolde, D. C. Larrabee, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, I. Vurgaftman, and J. R. Meyer, “Interband cascade lasers with wavelenghths spanning 2.9 μm to 5.2 μm,” J. Electron. Mater.37(12), 1780–1785 (2008). [CrossRef]
- J. R. Meyer, I. Vurgaftman, R. Q. Yang, and L. R. Ram-Mohan, “Type-II and type-I interband cascade lasers,” Electron. Lett.32(1), 45–46 (1996). [CrossRef]
- Z. Tian, C. Chen, R. Q. Yang, T. D. Mishima, M. B. Santos, J. C. Keay, M. B. Johnson, and J. F. Klem, “InAs-based plasmon-waveguide interband cascade lasers,” Proc. SPIE7616, 76161B, 76161B-9 (2010). [CrossRef]
- C.-H. Lin, R. Q. Yang, D. Zhang, S. J. Murry, S. S. Pei, A. A. Allerman, and S. R. Kurtz, “Type-II interband quantum cascade laser at 3.8 μm,” Electron. Lett.33(7), 598–599 (1997). [CrossRef]
- C. L. Canedy, W. W. Bewley, J. R. Lindle, J. A. Nolde, D. C. Larrabee, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, I. Vurgaftman, and J. R. Meyer, “Interband cascade lasers with wavelenghths spanning 2.9 μm to 5.2 μm,” J. Electron. Mater.37(12), 1780–1785 (2008). [CrossRef]
- C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, D. C. Larrabee, J. A. Nolde, W. W. Bewley, I. Vurgaftman, and J. R. Meyer, “High-power, narrow-ridge, mid-infared interband cascade lasers,” J. Vac. Sci. Technol.26(3), 1160–1162 (2008). [CrossRef]
- A. Lyakh, R. Maulini, A. Tsekoun, R. Go, C. Pflügl, L. Diehl, Q. J. Wang, F. Capasso, and C. K. N. Patel, “3 W continuous-wave room temperature single-facet emission from quantum cascade lasers based on nonresonant extraction design approach,” Appl. Phys. Lett.95(14), 141113 (2009). [CrossRef]
- C.-H. Lin, R. Q. Yang, D. Zhang, S. J. Murry, S. S. Pei, A. A. Allerman, and S. R. Kurtz, “Type-II interband quantum cascade laser at 3.8 μm,” Electron. Lett.33(7), 598–599 (1997). [CrossRef]
- A. Lyakh, R. Maulini, A. Tsekoun, R. Go, C. Pflügl, L. Diehl, Q. J. Wang, F. Capasso, and C. K. N. Patel, “3 W continuous-wave room temperature single-facet emission from quantum cascade lasers based on nonresonant extraction design approach,” Appl. Phys. Lett.95(14), 141113 (2009). [CrossRef]
- J. R. Meyer, I. Vurgaftman, R. Q. Yang, and L. R. Ram-Mohan, “Type-II and type-I interband cascade lasers,” Electron. Lett.32(1), 45–46 (1996). [CrossRef]
- Y. Bai, S. R. Darvish, N. Bandyopadhyay, S. Slivken, and M. Razeghi, “Optimizing facet coating of quantum cascade lasers for low power consumption,” J. Appl. Phys.109(5), 053103 (2011). [CrossRef]
- Y. Bai, S. Slivken, S. R. Darvish, and M. Razeghi, “Room-temperature continuous-wave operation of quantum cascade lasers with 12.5% wall plug efficiency,” Appl. Phys. Lett.93(2), 021103 (2008). [CrossRef]
- Z. Tian, C. Chen, R. Q. Yang, T. D. Mishima, M. B. Santos, J. C. Keay, M. B. Johnson, and J. F. Klem, “InAs-based plasmon-waveguide interband cascade lasers,” Proc. SPIE7616, 76161B, 76161B-9 (2010). [CrossRef]
- Y. Bai, S. R. Darvish, N. Bandyopadhyay, S. Slivken, and M. Razeghi, “Optimizing facet coating of quantum cascade lasers for low power consumption,” J. Appl. Phys.109(5), 053103 (2011). [CrossRef]
- Y. Bai, S. Slivken, S. R. Darvish, and M. Razeghi, “Room-temperature continuous-wave operation of quantum cascade lasers with 12.5% wall plug efficiency,” Appl. Phys. Lett.93(2), 021103 (2008). [CrossRef]
- Z. Tian, C. Chen, R. Q. Yang, T. D. Mishima, M. B. Santos, J. C. Keay, M. B. Johnson, and J. F. Klem, “InAs-based plasmon-waveguide interband cascade lasers,” Proc. SPIE7616, 76161B, 76161B-9 (2010). [CrossRef]
- A. Lyakh, R. Maulini, A. Tsekoun, R. Go, C. Pflügl, L. Diehl, Q. J. Wang, F. Capasso, and C. K. N. Patel, “3 W continuous-wave room temperature single-facet emission from quantum cascade lasers based on nonresonant extraction design approach,” Appl. Phys. Lett.95(14), 141113 (2009). [CrossRef]
- I. Vurgaftman, W. W. Bewley, C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, C. D. Merritt, J. Abell, J. R. Lindle, and J. R. Meyer, “Rebalancing of internally generated carriers for mid-infrared interband cascade lasers with very low power consumption,” Nature Commun2, 585 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. Vurgaftman, W. W. Bewley, C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, J. R. Lindle, C. D. Merritt, J. Abell, and J. R. Meyer, “Mid-IR type-II interband cascade lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.17(5), 1435–1444 (2011). [CrossRef]
- W. W. Bewley, C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, J. R. Lindle, J. Abell, I. Vurgaftman, and J. R. Meyer, “Ridge width dependence of mid-infrared interband cascade laser characteristics,” Opt. Eng.49(11), 111116 (2010). [CrossRef]
- I. Vurgaftman, C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, W. W. Bewley, J. R. Lindle, J. Abell, and J. R. Meyer, “Mid-infrared interband cascade lasers operating at ambient temperatures,” New J. Phys.11(12), 125015 (2009). [CrossRef]
- C. S. Kim, M. Kim, J. R. Lindle, W. W. Bewley, C. L. Canedy, J. Abell, I. Vurgaftman, and J. R. Meyer, “Corrugated-sidewall interband cascade lasers single-mode midwave-infrared emission at room temperature,” Appl. Phys. Lett.95(23), 231103 (2009). [CrossRef]
- C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, D. C. Larrabee, J. A. Nolde, W. W. Bewley, I. Vurgaftman, and J. R. Meyer, “High-power, narrow-ridge, mid-infared interband cascade lasers,” J. Vac. Sci. Technol.26(3), 1160–1162 (2008). [CrossRef]
- C. L. Canedy, W. W. Bewley, J. R. Lindle, J. A. Nolde, D. C. Larrabee, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, I. Vurgaftman, and J. R. Meyer, “Interband cascade lasers with wavelenghths spanning 2.9 μm to 5.2 μm,” J. Electron. Mater.37(12), 1780–1785 (2008). [CrossRef]
- J. R. Meyer, I. Vurgaftman, R. Q. Yang, and L. R. Ram-Mohan, “Type-II and type-I interband cascade lasers,” Electron. Lett.32(1), 45–46 (1996). [CrossRef]
- A. Lyakh, R. Maulini, A. Tsekoun, R. Go, C. Pflügl, L. Diehl, Q. J. Wang, F. Capasso, and C. K. N. Patel, “3 W continuous-wave room temperature single-facet emission from quantum cascade lasers based on nonresonant extraction design approach,” Appl. Phys. Lett.95(14), 141113 (2009). [CrossRef]
- Z. Tian, C. Chen, R. Q. Yang, T. D. Mishima, M. B. Santos, J. C. Keay, M. B. Johnson, and J. F. Klem, “InAs-based plasmon-waveguide interband cascade lasers,” Proc. SPIE7616, 76161B, 76161B-9 (2010). [CrossRef]
- C.-H. Lin, R. Q. Yang, D. Zhang, S. J. Murry, S. S. Pei, A. A. Allerman, and S. R. Kurtz, “Type-II interband quantum cascade laser at 3.8 μm,” Electron. Lett.33(7), 598–599 (1997). [CrossRef]
- J. R. Meyer, I. Vurgaftman, R. Q. Yang, and L. R. Ram-Mohan, “Type-II and type-I interband cascade lasers,” Electron. Lett.32(1), 45–46 (1996). [CrossRef]
- R. Q. Yang, “Infrared-laser based on intersubband transitions in quantum-wells,” Superlattices Microstruct.17(1), 77–83 (1995). [CrossRef]
- C.-H. Lin, R. Q. Yang, D. Zhang, S. J. Murry, S. S. Pei, A. A. Allerman, and S. R. Kurtz, “Type-II interband quantum cascade laser at 3.8 μm,” Electron. Lett.33(7), 598–599 (1997). [CrossRef]
Appl. Phys. Lett.
- A. Lyakh, R. Maulini, A. Tsekoun, R. Go, C. Pflügl, L. Diehl, Q. J. Wang, F. Capasso, and C. K. N. Patel, “3 W continuous-wave room temperature single-facet emission from quantum cascade lasers based on nonresonant extraction design approach,” Appl. Phys. Lett.95(14), 141113 (2009). [CrossRef]
- Y. Bai, S. Slivken, S. R. Darvish, and M. Razeghi, “Room-temperature continuous-wave operation of quantum cascade lasers with 12.5% wall plug efficiency,” Appl. Phys. Lett.93(2), 021103 (2008). [CrossRef]
- C. S. Kim, M. Kim, J. R. Lindle, W. W. Bewley, C. L. Canedy, J. Abell, I. Vurgaftman, and J. R. Meyer, “Corrugated-sidewall interband cascade lasers single-mode midwave-infrared emission at room temperature,” Appl. Phys. Lett.95(23), 231103 (2009). [CrossRef]
Electron. Lett.
- J. R. Meyer, I. Vurgaftman, R. Q. Yang, and L. R. Ram-Mohan, “Type-II and type-I interband cascade lasers,” Electron. Lett.32(1), 45–46 (1996). [CrossRef]
- C.-H. Lin, R. Q. Yang, D. Zhang, S. J. Murry, S. S. Pei, A. A. Allerman, and S. R. Kurtz, “Type-II interband quantum cascade laser at 3.8 μm,” Electron. Lett.33(7), 598–599 (1997). [CrossRef]
IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.
- I. Vurgaftman, W. W. Bewley, C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, J. R. Lindle, C. D. Merritt, J. Abell, and J. R. Meyer, “Mid-IR type-II interband cascade lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.17(5), 1435–1444 (2011). [CrossRef]
J. Appl. Phys.
- Y. Bai, S. R. Darvish, N. Bandyopadhyay, S. Slivken, and M. Razeghi, “Optimizing facet coating of quantum cascade lasers for low power consumption,” J. Appl. Phys.109(5), 053103 (2011). [CrossRef]
J. Electron. Mater.
- C. L. Canedy, W. W. Bewley, J. R. Lindle, J. A. Nolde, D. C. Larrabee, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, I. Vurgaftman, and J. R. Meyer, “Interband cascade lasers with wavelenghths spanning 2.9 μm to 5.2 μm,” J. Electron. Mater.37(12), 1780–1785 (2008). [CrossRef]
J. Vac. Sci. Technol.
- C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, D. C. Larrabee, J. A. Nolde, W. W. Bewley, I. Vurgaftman, and J. R. Meyer, “High-power, narrow-ridge, mid-infared interband cascade lasers,” J. Vac. Sci. Technol.26(3), 1160–1162 (2008). [CrossRef]
Nature Commun
- I. Vurgaftman, W. W. Bewley, C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, C. D. Merritt, J. Abell, J. R. Lindle, and J. R. Meyer, “Rebalancing of internally generated carriers for mid-infrared interband cascade lasers with very low power consumption,” Nature Commun2, 585 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
New J. Phys.
- I. Vurgaftman, C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, W. W. Bewley, J. R. Lindle, J. Abell, and J. R. Meyer, “Mid-infrared interband cascade lasers operating at ambient temperatures,” New J. Phys.11(12), 125015 (2009). [CrossRef]
Opt. Eng.
- W. W. Bewley, C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, J. R. Lindle, J. Abell, I. Vurgaftman, and J. R. Meyer, “Ridge width dependence of mid-infrared interband cascade laser characteristics,” Opt. Eng.49(11), 111116 (2010). [CrossRef]
Proc. SPIE
- Z. Tian, C. Chen, R. Q. Yang, T. D. Mishima, M. B. Santos, J. C. Keay, M. B. Johnson, and J. F. Klem, “InAs-based plasmon-waveguide interband cascade lasers,” Proc. SPIE7616, 76161B, 76161B-9 (2010). [CrossRef]
Superlattices Microstruct.
- R. Q. Yang, “Infrared-laser based on intersubband transitions in quantum-wells,” Superlattices Microstruct.17(1), 77–83 (1995). [CrossRef]
2011, Vurgaftman, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.
- I. Vurgaftman, W. W. Bewley, C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, J. R. Lindle, C. D. Merritt, J. Abell, and J. R. Meyer, “Mid-IR type-II interband cascade lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.17(5), 1435–1444 (2011). [CrossRef]
- I. Vurgaftman, W. W. Bewley, C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, C. D. Merritt, J. Abell, J. R. Lindle, and J. R. Meyer, “Rebalancing of internally generated carriers for mid-infrared interband cascade lasers with very low power consumption,” Nature Commun2, 585 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Bai, S. R. Darvish, N. Bandyopadhyay, S. Slivken, and M. Razeghi, “Optimizing facet coating of quantum cascade lasers for low power consumption,” J. Appl. Phys.109(5), 053103 (2011). [CrossRef]
- W. W. Bewley, C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, J. R. Lindle, J. Abell, I. Vurgaftman, and J. R. Meyer, “Ridge width dependence of mid-infrared interband cascade laser characteristics,” Opt. Eng.49(11), 111116 (2010). [CrossRef]
- Z. Tian, C. Chen, R. Q. Yang, T. D. Mishima, M. B. Santos, J. C. Keay, M. B. Johnson, and J. F. Klem, “InAs-based plasmon-waveguide interband cascade lasers,” Proc. SPIE7616, 76161B, 76161B-9 (2010). [CrossRef]
- A. Lyakh, R. Maulini, A. Tsekoun, R. Go, C. Pflügl, L. Diehl, Q. J. Wang, F. Capasso, and C. K. N. Patel, “3 W continuous-wave room temperature single-facet emission from quantum cascade lasers based on nonresonant extraction design approach,” Appl. Phys. Lett.95(14), 141113 (2009). [CrossRef]
- I. Vurgaftman, C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, W. W. Bewley, J. R. Lindle, J. Abell, and J. R. Meyer, “Mid-infrared interband cascade lasers operating at ambient temperatures,” New J. Phys.11(12), 125015 (2009). [CrossRef]
- C. S. Kim, M. Kim, J. R. Lindle, W. W. Bewley, C. L. Canedy, J. Abell, I. Vurgaftman, and J. R. Meyer, “Corrugated-sidewall interband cascade lasers single-mode midwave-infrared emission at room temperature,” Appl. Phys. Lett.95(23), 231103 (2009). [CrossRef]
- C. L. Canedy, W. W. Bewley, J. R. Lindle, J. A. Nolde, D. C. Larrabee, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, I. Vurgaftman, and J. R. Meyer, “Interband cascade lasers with wavelenghths spanning 2.9 μm to 5.2 μm,” J. Electron. Mater.37(12), 1780–1785 (2008). [CrossRef]
- Y. Bai, S. Slivken, S. R. Darvish, and M. Razeghi, “Room-temperature continuous-wave operation of quantum cascade lasers with 12.5% wall plug efficiency,” Appl. Phys. Lett.93(2), 021103 (2008). [CrossRef]
- C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, D. C. Larrabee, J. A. Nolde, W. W. Bewley, I. Vurgaftman, and J. R. Meyer, “High-power, narrow-ridge, mid-infared interband cascade lasers,” J. Vac. Sci. Technol.26(3), 1160–1162 (2008). [CrossRef]
- C.-H. Lin, R. Q. Yang, D. Zhang, S. J. Murry, S. S. Pei, A. A. Allerman, and S. R. Kurtz, “Type-II interband quantum cascade laser at 3.8 μm,” Electron. Lett.33(7), 598–599 (1997). [CrossRef]
- J. R. Meyer, I. Vurgaftman, R. Q. Yang, and L. R. Ram-Mohan, “Type-II and type-I interband cascade lasers,” Electron. Lett.32(1), 45–46 (1996). [CrossRef]
- R. Q. Yang, “Infrared-laser based on intersubband transitions in quantum-wells,” Superlattices Microstruct.17(1), 77–83 (1995). [CrossRef]
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