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Modulation cancellation method for isotope 18O/16O ratio measurements in waterVincenzo Spagnolo, Lei Dong, Anatoliy A. Kosterev, and Frank K. Tittel »View Author Affiliations
Vincenzo Spagnolo,1,2,*
Lei Dong,1
Anatoliy A. Kosterev,1
and Frank K. Tittel1
1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA 2Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, Università e Politecnico di Bari, CNR-IFN UOS BARI, Via Amendola 173, I-70126 Bari, Italy *Corresponding author: spagnolo@fisica.uniba.it |
Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 4, pp. 3401-3407 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.003401
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Abstract
The application of an innovative spectroscopic balancing technique to measure the isotope 18O/16O ratio in water vapor is reported. Quartz enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy has been employed as the absorption sensing technique. Two isotope absorption lines with the same quantum numbers, with very close lower energy levels, have been selected to limit the sensitivity to temperature variations and guarantee identical broadening as well as relaxation properties. The sensitivity in measuring the deviation from a standard sample δ18O is 1.4‰, in 200 sec of integration time.
© 2012 OSA
OCIS Codes
(140.3070) Lasers and laser optics : Infrared and far-infrared lasers
(280.3420) Remote sensing and sensors : Laser sensors
ToC Category:
Sensors
History
Original Manuscript: October 17, 2011
Revised Manuscript: November 21, 2011
Manuscript Accepted: December 5, 2011
Published: January 30, 2012
Citation
Vincenzo Spagnolo, Lei Dong, Anatoliy A. Kosterev, and Frank K. Tittel, "Modulation cancellation method for isotope 18O/16O ratio measurements in water," Opt. Express 20, 3401-3407 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-20-4-3401
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- L. S. Rothman, I. E. Gordon, A. Barbe, D. C. Benner, P. F. Bernath, M. Birk, V. Boudon, L. R. Brown, A. Campargue, J.-P. Champion, K. Chance, L. H. Coudert, V. Dana, V. M. Devi, S. Fally, J.-M. Flaud, R. R. Gamache, A. Goldman, D. Jacquemart, I. Kleiner, N. Lacome, W. J. Lafferty, J.-Y. Mandin, S. T. Massie, S. N. Mikhailenko, C. E. Miller, N. Moazzen-Ahmadi, O. V. Naumenko, A. V. Nikitin, J. Orphal, V. I. Perevalov, A. Perrin, A. Predoi-Cross, C. P. Rinsland, M. Rotger, M. Šimečková, M. A. H. Smith, K. Sung, S. A. Tashkun, J. Tennyson, R. A. Toth, A. C. Vandaele, and J. Vander Auwera, “The HITRAN 2008 molecular spectroscopic database,” J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf.110(9-10), 533–572 (2009). [CrossRef]
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- L. S. Rothman, I. E. Gordon, A. Barbe, D. C. Benner, P. F. Bernath, M. Birk, V. Boudon, L. R. Brown, A. Campargue, J.-P. Champion, K. Chance, L. H. Coudert, V. Dana, V. M. Devi, S. Fally, J.-M. Flaud, R. R. Gamache, A. Goldman, D. Jacquemart, I. Kleiner, N. Lacome, W. J. Lafferty, J.-Y. Mandin, S. T. Massie, S. N. Mikhailenko, C. E. Miller, N. Moazzen-Ahmadi, O. V. Naumenko, A. V. Nikitin, J. Orphal, V. I. Perevalov, A. Perrin, A. Predoi-Cross, C. P. Rinsland, M. Rotger, M. Šimečková, M. A. H. Smith, K. Sung, S. A. Tashkun, J. Tennyson, R. A. Toth, A. C. Vandaele, and J. Vander Auwera, “The HITRAN 2008 molecular spectroscopic database,” J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf.110(9-10), 533–572 (2009). [CrossRef]
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- L. S. Rothman, I. E. Gordon, A. Barbe, D. C. Benner, P. F. Bernath, M. Birk, V. Boudon, L. R. Brown, A. Campargue, J.-P. Champion, K. Chance, L. H. Coudert, V. Dana, V. M. Devi, S. Fally, J.-M. Flaud, R. R. Gamache, A. Goldman, D. Jacquemart, I. Kleiner, N. Lacome, W. J. Lafferty, J.-Y. Mandin, S. T. Massie, S. N. Mikhailenko, C. E. Miller, N. Moazzen-Ahmadi, O. V. Naumenko, A. V. Nikitin, J. Orphal, V. I. Perevalov, A. Perrin, A. Predoi-Cross, C. P. Rinsland, M. Rotger, M. Šimečková, M. A. H. Smith, K. Sung, S. A. Tashkun, J. Tennyson, R. A. Toth, A. C. Vandaele, and J. Vander Auwera, “The HITRAN 2008 molecular spectroscopic database,” J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf.110(9-10), 533–572 (2009). [CrossRef]
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- K. K. Andersen, N. Azuma, J. M. Barnola, M. Bigler, P. Biscaye, N. Caillon, J. Chappellaz, H. B. Clausen, D. Dahl-Jensen, H. Fischer, J. Flückiger, D. Fritzsche, Y. Fujii, K. Goto-Azuma, K. Grønvold, N. S. Gundestrup, M. Hansson, C. Huber, C. S. Hvidberg, S. J. Johnsen, U. Jonsell, J. Jouzel, S. Kipfstuhl, A. Landais, M. Leuenberger, R. Lorrain, V. Masson-Delmotte, H. Miller, H. Motoyama, H. Narita, T. Popp, S. O. Rasmussen, D. Raynaud, R. Rothlisberger, U. Ruth, D. Samyn, J. Schwander, H. Shoji, M. L. Siggard-Andersen, J. P. Steffensen, T. Stocker, A. E. Sveinbjörnsdóttir, A. Svensson, M. Takata, J. L. Tison, T. Thorsteinsson, O. Watanabe, F. Wilhelms, and J. W. White, “High-resolution record of Northern Hemisphere climate extending into the last interglacial period,” Nature431(7005), 147–151 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- L. S. Rothman, I. E. Gordon, A. Barbe, D. C. Benner, P. F. Bernath, M. Birk, V. Boudon, L. R. Brown, A. Campargue, J.-P. Champion, K. Chance, L. H. Coudert, V. Dana, V. M. Devi, S. Fally, J.-M. Flaud, R. R. Gamache, A. Goldman, D. Jacquemart, I. Kleiner, N. Lacome, W. J. Lafferty, J.-Y. Mandin, S. T. Massie, S. N. Mikhailenko, C. E. Miller, N. Moazzen-Ahmadi, O. V. Naumenko, A. V. Nikitin, J. Orphal, V. I. Perevalov, A. Perrin, A. Predoi-Cross, C. P. Rinsland, M. Rotger, M. Šimečková, M. A. H. Smith, K. Sung, S. A. Tashkun, J. Tennyson, R. A. Toth, A. C. Vandaele, and J. Vander Auwera, “The HITRAN 2008 molecular spectroscopic database,” J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf.110(9-10), 533–572 (2009). [CrossRef]
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- L. S. Rothman, I. E. Gordon, A. Barbe, D. C. Benner, P. F. Bernath, M. Birk, V. Boudon, L. R. Brown, A. Campargue, J.-P. Champion, K. Chance, L. H. Coudert, V. Dana, V. M. Devi, S. Fally, J.-M. Flaud, R. R. Gamache, A. Goldman, D. Jacquemart, I. Kleiner, N. Lacome, W. J. Lafferty, J.-Y. Mandin, S. T. Massie, S. N. Mikhailenko, C. E. Miller, N. Moazzen-Ahmadi, O. V. Naumenko, A. V. Nikitin, J. Orphal, V. I. Perevalov, A. Perrin, A. Predoi-Cross, C. P. Rinsland, M. Rotger, M. Šimečková, M. A. H. Smith, K. Sung, S. A. Tashkun, J. Tennyson, R. A. Toth, A. C. Vandaele, and J. Vander Auwera, “The HITRAN 2008 molecular spectroscopic database,” J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf.110(9-10), 533–572 (2009). [CrossRef]
- J. R. de Laeter, J. K. Bohlke, P. De Bievre, H. Hidaka, H. S. Peiser, K. J. R. Rosman, and P. D. P. Taylor, “Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report),” Pure Appl. Chem.75(6), 683–799 (2003). [CrossRef]
- L. S. Rothman, I. E. Gordon, A. Barbe, D. C. Benner, P. F. Bernath, M. Birk, V. Boudon, L. R. Brown, A. Campargue, J.-P. Champion, K. Chance, L. H. Coudert, V. Dana, V. M. Devi, S. Fally, J.-M. Flaud, R. R. Gamache, A. Goldman, D. Jacquemart, I. Kleiner, N. Lacome, W. J. Lafferty, J.-Y. Mandin, S. T. Massie, S. N. Mikhailenko, C. E. Miller, N. Moazzen-Ahmadi, O. V. Naumenko, A. V. Nikitin, J. Orphal, V. I. Perevalov, A. Perrin, A. Predoi-Cross, C. P. Rinsland, M. Rotger, M. Šimečková, M. A. H. Smith, K. Sung, S. A. Tashkun, J. Tennyson, R. A. Toth, A. C. Vandaele, and J. Vander Auwera, “The HITRAN 2008 molecular spectroscopic database,” J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf.110(9-10), 533–572 (2009). [CrossRef]
- L. S. Rothman, I. E. Gordon, A. Barbe, D. C. Benner, P. F. Bernath, M. Birk, V. Boudon, L. R. Brown, A. Campargue, J.-P. Champion, K. Chance, L. H. Coudert, V. Dana, V. M. Devi, S. Fally, J.-M. Flaud, R. R. Gamache, A. Goldman, D. Jacquemart, I. Kleiner, N. Lacome, W. J. Lafferty, J.-Y. Mandin, S. T. Massie, S. N. Mikhailenko, C. E. Miller, N. Moazzen-Ahmadi, O. V. Naumenko, A. V. Nikitin, J. Orphal, V. I. Perevalov, A. Perrin, A. Predoi-Cross, C. P. Rinsland, M. Rotger, M. Šimečková, M. A. H. Smith, K. Sung, S. A. Tashkun, J. Tennyson, R. A. Toth, A. C. Vandaele, and J. Vander Auwera, “The HITRAN 2008 molecular spectroscopic database,” J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf.110(9-10), 533–572 (2009). [CrossRef]
- N. Petra, J. Zweck, A. A. Kosterev, S. E. Minkoff, and D. Thomazy, “Theoretical analysis of a quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy sensor,” Appl. Phys. B94(4), 673–680 (2009). [CrossRef]
- K. K. Andersen, N. Azuma, J. M. Barnola, M. Bigler, P. Biscaye, N. Caillon, J. Chappellaz, H. B. Clausen, D. Dahl-Jensen, H. Fischer, J. Flückiger, D. Fritzsche, Y. Fujii, K. Goto-Azuma, K. Grønvold, N. S. Gundestrup, M. Hansson, C. Huber, C. S. Hvidberg, S. J. Johnsen, U. Jonsell, J. Jouzel, S. Kipfstuhl, A. Landais, M. Leuenberger, R. Lorrain, V. Masson-Delmotte, H. Miller, H. Motoyama, H. Narita, T. Popp, S. O. Rasmussen, D. Raynaud, R. Rothlisberger, U. Ruth, D. Samyn, J. Schwander, H. Shoji, M. L. Siggard-Andersen, J. P. Steffensen, T. Stocker, A. E. Sveinbjörnsdóttir, A. Svensson, M. Takata, J. L. Tison, T. Thorsteinsson, O. Watanabe, F. Wilhelms, and J. W. White, “High-resolution record of Northern Hemisphere climate extending into the last interglacial period,” Nature431(7005), 147–151 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. S. Rothman, I. E. Gordon, A. Barbe, D. C. Benner, P. F. Bernath, M. Birk, V. Boudon, L. R. Brown, A. Campargue, J.-P. Champion, K. Chance, L. H. Coudert, V. Dana, V. M. Devi, S. Fally, J.-M. Flaud, R. R. Gamache, A. Goldman, D. Jacquemart, I. Kleiner, N. Lacome, W. J. Lafferty, J.-Y. Mandin, S. T. Massie, S. N. Mikhailenko, C. E. Miller, N. Moazzen-Ahmadi, O. V. Naumenko, A. V. Nikitin, J. Orphal, V. I. Perevalov, A. Perrin, A. Predoi-Cross, C. P. Rinsland, M. Rotger, M. Šimečková, M. A. H. Smith, K. Sung, S. A. Tashkun, J. Tennyson, R. A. Toth, A. C. Vandaele, and J. Vander Auwera, “The HITRAN 2008 molecular spectroscopic database,” J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf.110(9-10), 533–572 (2009). [CrossRef]
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- K. K. Andersen, N. Azuma, J. M. Barnola, M. Bigler, P. Biscaye, N. Caillon, J. Chappellaz, H. B. Clausen, D. Dahl-Jensen, H. Fischer, J. Flückiger, D. Fritzsche, Y. Fujii, K. Goto-Azuma, K. Grønvold, N. S. Gundestrup, M. Hansson, C. Huber, C. S. Hvidberg, S. J. Johnsen, U. Jonsell, J. Jouzel, S. Kipfstuhl, A. Landais, M. Leuenberger, R. Lorrain, V. Masson-Delmotte, H. Miller, H. Motoyama, H. Narita, T. Popp, S. O. Rasmussen, D. Raynaud, R. Rothlisberger, U. Ruth, D. Samyn, J. Schwander, H. Shoji, M. L. Siggard-Andersen, J. P. Steffensen, T. Stocker, A. E. Sveinbjörnsdóttir, A. Svensson, M. Takata, J. L. Tison, T. Thorsteinsson, O. Watanabe, F. Wilhelms, and J. W. White, “High-resolution record of Northern Hemisphere climate extending into the last interglacial period,” Nature431(7005), 147–151 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. K. Andersen, N. Azuma, J. M. Barnola, M. Bigler, P. Biscaye, N. Caillon, J. Chappellaz, H. B. Clausen, D. Dahl-Jensen, H. Fischer, J. Flückiger, D. Fritzsche, Y. Fujii, K. Goto-Azuma, K. Grønvold, N. S. Gundestrup, M. Hansson, C. Huber, C. S. Hvidberg, S. J. Johnsen, U. Jonsell, J. Jouzel, S. Kipfstuhl, A. Landais, M. Leuenberger, R. Lorrain, V. Masson-Delmotte, H. Miller, H. Motoyama, H. Narita, T. Popp, S. O. Rasmussen, D. Raynaud, R. Rothlisberger, U. Ruth, D. Samyn, J. Schwander, H. Shoji, M. L. Siggard-Andersen, J. P. Steffensen, T. Stocker, A. E. Sveinbjörnsdóttir, A. Svensson, M. Takata, J. L. Tison, T. Thorsteinsson, O. Watanabe, F. Wilhelms, and J. W. White, “High-resolution record of Northern Hemisphere climate extending into the last interglacial period,” Nature431(7005), 147–151 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. Spagnolo, L. Dong, A. A. Kosterev, D. Thomazy, J. H. Doty, and F. K. Tittel, “Modulation cancellation method for measurements of small temperature differences in a gas,” Opt. Lett.36(4), 460–462 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. Spagnolo, L. Dong, A. A. Kosterev, D. Thomazy, J. H. Doty, and F. K. Tittel, “Modulation cancellation method in laser spectroscopy,” Appl. Phys. B103(3), 735–742 (2011). [CrossRef]
- L. Dong, A. A. Kosterev, D. Thomazy, and F. K. Tittel, “QEPAS spectrophones: design, optimization, and performance,” Appl. Phys. B100(3), 627–635 (2010). [CrossRef]
- F. K. Tittel, D. Weidmann, C. Oppenheimer, and L. Gianfrani, “Laser absorption spectroscopy for volcano monitoring,” Opt. Photon. News17(5), 24–31 (2006). [CrossRef]
- A. A. Kosterev, F. K. Tittel, D. V. Serebryakov, A. L. Malinovsky, and I. V. Morozov, “Applications of Quartz Tuning Forks in Spectroscopic Gas Sensing,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.76(4), 043105 (2005). [CrossRef]
- L. S. Rothman, I. E. Gordon, A. Barbe, D. C. Benner, P. F. Bernath, M. Birk, V. Boudon, L. R. Brown, A. Campargue, J.-P. Champion, K. Chance, L. H. Coudert, V. Dana, V. M. Devi, S. Fally, J.-M. Flaud, R. R. Gamache, A. Goldman, D. Jacquemart, I. Kleiner, N. Lacome, W. J. Lafferty, J.-Y. Mandin, S. T. Massie, S. N. Mikhailenko, C. E. Miller, N. Moazzen-Ahmadi, O. V. Naumenko, A. V. Nikitin, J. Orphal, V. I. Perevalov, A. Perrin, A. Predoi-Cross, C. P. Rinsland, M. Rotger, M. Šimečková, M. A. H. Smith, K. Sung, S. A. Tashkun, J. Tennyson, R. A. Toth, A. C. Vandaele, and J. Vander Auwera, “The HITRAN 2008 molecular spectroscopic database,” J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf.110(9-10), 533–572 (2009). [CrossRef]
- D. D. Nelson, J. B. Mcmanus, S. C. Herndon, M. S. Zahniser, B. Tuzson, and L. Emmenegger, “New method for isotopic ratio measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide using a 4.3 μm pulsed quantum cascade laser,” Appl. Phys. B90(2), 301–309 (2008). [CrossRef]
- E. Kerstel, G. Gagliardi, L. Gianfrani, H. Meijer, R. van Trigt, and R. Ramaker, “Determination of the 2H/1H, 17O/16O, and 18O/16O isotope ratios in water by means of tunable diode laser spectroscopy at 1.39 μm,” Spectrochim. Acta [A]58(11), 2389–2396 (2002). [CrossRef]
- L. S. Rothman, I. E. Gordon, A. Barbe, D. C. Benner, P. F. Bernath, M. Birk, V. Boudon, L. R. Brown, A. Campargue, J.-P. Champion, K. Chance, L. H. Coudert, V. Dana, V. M. Devi, S. Fally, J.-M. Flaud, R. R. Gamache, A. Goldman, D. Jacquemart, I. Kleiner, N. Lacome, W. J. Lafferty, J.-Y. Mandin, S. T. Massie, S. N. Mikhailenko, C. E. Miller, N. Moazzen-Ahmadi, O. V. Naumenko, A. V. Nikitin, J. Orphal, V. I. Perevalov, A. Perrin, A. Predoi-Cross, C. P. Rinsland, M. Rotger, M. Šimečková, M. A. H. Smith, K. Sung, S. A. Tashkun, J. Tennyson, R. A. Toth, A. C. Vandaele, and J. Vander Auwera, “The HITRAN 2008 molecular spectroscopic database,” J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf.110(9-10), 533–572 (2009). [CrossRef]
- L. S. Rothman, I. E. Gordon, A. Barbe, D. C. Benner, P. F. Bernath, M. Birk, V. Boudon, L. R. Brown, A. Campargue, J.-P. Champion, K. Chance, L. H. Coudert, V. Dana, V. M. Devi, S. Fally, J.-M. Flaud, R. R. Gamache, A. Goldman, D. Jacquemart, I. Kleiner, N. Lacome, W. J. Lafferty, J.-Y. Mandin, S. T. Massie, S. N. Mikhailenko, C. E. Miller, N. Moazzen-Ahmadi, O. V. Naumenko, A. V. Nikitin, J. Orphal, V. I. Perevalov, A. Perrin, A. Predoi-Cross, C. P. Rinsland, M. Rotger, M. Šimečková, M. A. H. Smith, K. Sung, S. A. Tashkun, J. Tennyson, R. A. Toth, A. C. Vandaele, and J. Vander Auwera, “The HITRAN 2008 molecular spectroscopic database,” J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf.110(9-10), 533–572 (2009). [CrossRef]
- K. K. Andersen, N. Azuma, J. M. Barnola, M. Bigler, P. Biscaye, N. Caillon, J. Chappellaz, H. B. Clausen, D. Dahl-Jensen, H. Fischer, J. Flückiger, D. Fritzsche, Y. Fujii, K. Goto-Azuma, K. Grønvold, N. S. Gundestrup, M. Hansson, C. Huber, C. S. Hvidberg, S. J. Johnsen, U. Jonsell, J. Jouzel, S. Kipfstuhl, A. Landais, M. Leuenberger, R. Lorrain, V. Masson-Delmotte, H. Miller, H. Motoyama, H. Narita, T. Popp, S. O. Rasmussen, D. Raynaud, R. Rothlisberger, U. Ruth, D. Samyn, J. Schwander, H. Shoji, M. L. Siggard-Andersen, J. P. Steffensen, T. Stocker, A. E. Sveinbjörnsdóttir, A. Svensson, M. Takata, J. L. Tison, T. Thorsteinsson, O. Watanabe, F. Wilhelms, and J. W. White, “High-resolution record of Northern Hemisphere climate extending into the last interglacial period,” Nature431(7005), 147–151 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. K. Tittel, D. Weidmann, C. Oppenheimer, and L. Gianfrani, “Laser absorption spectroscopy for volcano monitoring,” Opt. Photon. News17(5), 24–31 (2006). [CrossRef]
- P. Werle, “Accuracy and precision of laser spectrometers for trace gas sensing in the presence of optical fringes and atmospheric turbulence,” Appl. Phys. B102(2), 313–329 (2011). [CrossRef]
- K. K. Andersen, N. Azuma, J. M. Barnola, M. Bigler, P. Biscaye, N. Caillon, J. Chappellaz, H. B. Clausen, D. Dahl-Jensen, H. Fischer, J. Flückiger, D. Fritzsche, Y. Fujii, K. Goto-Azuma, K. Grønvold, N. S. Gundestrup, M. Hansson, C. Huber, C. S. Hvidberg, S. J. Johnsen, U. Jonsell, J. Jouzel, S. Kipfstuhl, A. Landais, M. Leuenberger, R. Lorrain, V. Masson-Delmotte, H. Miller, H. Motoyama, H. Narita, T. Popp, S. O. Rasmussen, D. Raynaud, R. Rothlisberger, U. Ruth, D. Samyn, J. Schwander, H. Shoji, M. L. Siggard-Andersen, J. P. Steffensen, T. Stocker, A. E. Sveinbjörnsdóttir, A. Svensson, M. Takata, J. L. Tison, T. Thorsteinsson, O. Watanabe, F. Wilhelms, and J. W. White, “High-resolution record of Northern Hemisphere climate extending into the last interglacial period,” Nature431(7005), 147–151 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. K. Andersen, N. Azuma, J. M. Barnola, M. Bigler, P. Biscaye, N. Caillon, J. Chappellaz, H. B. Clausen, D. Dahl-Jensen, H. Fischer, J. Flückiger, D. Fritzsche, Y. Fujii, K. Goto-Azuma, K. Grønvold, N. S. Gundestrup, M. Hansson, C. Huber, C. S. Hvidberg, S. J. Johnsen, U. Jonsell, J. Jouzel, S. Kipfstuhl, A. Landais, M. Leuenberger, R. Lorrain, V. Masson-Delmotte, H. Miller, H. Motoyama, H. Narita, T. Popp, S. O. Rasmussen, D. Raynaud, R. Rothlisberger, U. Ruth, D. Samyn, J. Schwander, H. Shoji, M. L. Siggard-Andersen, J. P. Steffensen, T. Stocker, A. E. Sveinbjörnsdóttir, A. Svensson, M. Takata, J. L. Tison, T. Thorsteinsson, O. Watanabe, F. Wilhelms, and J. W. White, “High-resolution record of Northern Hemisphere climate extending into the last interglacial period,” Nature431(7005), 147–151 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. B. McManus, D. D. Nelson, J. H. Shorter, R. Jimenez, S. Herndon, S. Saleska, and M. Zahniser, “A high precision pulsed quantum cascade laser spectrometer for measurements of stable isotopes of carbon dioxide,” J. Mod. Opt.52(16), 2309–2321 (2005). [CrossRef]
- D. D. Nelson, J. B. Mcmanus, S. C. Herndon, M. S. Zahniser, B. Tuzson, and L. Emmenegger, “New method for isotopic ratio measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide using a 4.3 μm pulsed quantum cascade laser,” Appl. Phys. B90(2), 301–309 (2008). [CrossRef]
- T. J. Griffis, J. M. Baker, S. D. Sargent, B. D. Tanner, and J. Zhang, “Measuring field-scale isotopic CO2 fluxes with tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy and micrometeorological techniques,” Agric. For. Meteorol.124(1-2), 15–29 (2004). [CrossRef]
- N. Petra, J. Zweck, A. A. Kosterev, S. E. Minkoff, and D. Thomazy, “Theoretical analysis of a quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy sensor,” Appl. Phys. B94(4), 673–680 (2009). [CrossRef]
Agric. For. Meteorol.
- D. R. Bowling, S. D. Sargent, B. D. Tanner, and J. R. Ehleringer, “Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy for stable isotope studies of ecosystem-atmosphere CO2 exchange,” Agric. For. Meteorol.118(1-2), 1–19 (2003). [CrossRef]
- T. J. Griffis, J. M. Baker, S. D. Sargent, B. D. Tanner, and J. Zhang, “Measuring field-scale isotopic CO2 fluxes with tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy and micrometeorological techniques,” Agric. For. Meteorol.124(1-2), 15–29 (2004). [CrossRef]
Appl. Opt.
- P. Bergamaschi, M. Schupp, and G. W. Harris, “High-precision direct measurements of 13CH4/12CH4 and 12CH3D/12CH4 ratios in atmospheric methane sources by means of a long-path tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer,” Appl. Opt.33(33), 7704–7716 (1994). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Appl. Phys. B
- V. Spagnolo, L. Dong, A. A. Kosterev, D. Thomazy, J. H. Doty, and F. K. Tittel, “Modulation cancellation method in laser spectroscopy,” Appl. Phys. B103(3), 735–742 (2011). [CrossRef]
- D. D. Nelson, J. B. Mcmanus, S. C. Herndon, M. S. Zahniser, B. Tuzson, and L. Emmenegger, “New method for isotopic ratio measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide using a 4.3 μm pulsed quantum cascade laser,” Appl. Phys. B90(2), 301–309 (2008). [CrossRef]
- L. Croizé, D. Mondelain, C. Camy-Peyret, C. Janssen, M. Lopez, M. Delmotte, and M. Schmidt, “Isotopic composition and concentration measurements of atmospheric CO2 with a diode laser making use of correlations between non-equivalent absorption cells,” Appl. Phys. B101(1-2), 411–421 (2010). [CrossRef]
- D. A. Long, M. Okumura, C. E. Miller, and J. T. Hodges, “Frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy measurements of carbon dioxide isotopic ratios,” Appl. Phys. B105(2), 471–477 (2011). [CrossRef]
- L. Dong, A. A. Kosterev, D. Thomazy, and F. K. Tittel, “QEPAS spectrophones: design, optimization, and performance,” Appl. Phys. B100(3), 627–635 (2010). [CrossRef]
- N. Petra, J. Zweck, A. A. Kosterev, S. E. Minkoff, and D. Thomazy, “Theoretical analysis of a quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy sensor,” Appl. Phys. B94(4), 673–680 (2009). [CrossRef]
- P. Werle, “Accuracy and precision of laser spectrometers for trace gas sensing in the presence of optical fringes and atmospheric turbulence,” Appl. Phys. B102(2), 313–329 (2011). [CrossRef]
Funct. Plant Biol.
- M. Barbour, “Stable oxygen isotope composition of plant tissue: a review,” Funct. Plant Biol.34(2), 83–94 (2007). [CrossRef]
J. Mod. Opt.
- J. B. McManus, D. D. Nelson, J. H. Shorter, R. Jimenez, S. Herndon, S. Saleska, and M. Zahniser, “A high precision pulsed quantum cascade laser spectrometer for measurements of stable isotopes of carbon dioxide,” J. Mod. Opt.52(16), 2309–2321 (2005). [CrossRef]
J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf.
- L. S. Rothman, I. E. Gordon, A. Barbe, D. C. Benner, P. F. Bernath, M. Birk, V. Boudon, L. R. Brown, A. Campargue, J.-P. Champion, K. Chance, L. H. Coudert, V. Dana, V. M. Devi, S. Fally, J.-M. Flaud, R. R. Gamache, A. Goldman, D. Jacquemart, I. Kleiner, N. Lacome, W. J. Lafferty, J.-Y. Mandin, S. T. Massie, S. N. Mikhailenko, C. E. Miller, N. Moazzen-Ahmadi, O. V. Naumenko, A. V. Nikitin, J. Orphal, V. I. Perevalov, A. Perrin, A. Predoi-Cross, C. P. Rinsland, M. Rotger, M. Šimečková, M. A. H. Smith, K. Sung, S. A. Tashkun, J. Tennyson, R. A. Toth, A. C. Vandaele, and J. Vander Auwera, “The HITRAN 2008 molecular spectroscopic database,” J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf.110(9-10), 533–572 (2009). [CrossRef]
Nature
- K. K. Andersen, N. Azuma, J. M. Barnola, M. Bigler, P. Biscaye, N. Caillon, J. Chappellaz, H. B. Clausen, D. Dahl-Jensen, H. Fischer, J. Flückiger, D. Fritzsche, Y. Fujii, K. Goto-Azuma, K. Grønvold, N. S. Gundestrup, M. Hansson, C. Huber, C. S. Hvidberg, S. J. Johnsen, U. Jonsell, J. Jouzel, S. Kipfstuhl, A. Landais, M. Leuenberger, R. Lorrain, V. Masson-Delmotte, H. Miller, H. Motoyama, H. Narita, T. Popp, S. O. Rasmussen, D. Raynaud, R. Rothlisberger, U. Ruth, D. Samyn, J. Schwander, H. Shoji, M. L. Siggard-Andersen, J. P. Steffensen, T. Stocker, A. E. Sveinbjörnsdóttir, A. Svensson, M. Takata, J. L. Tison, T. Thorsteinsson, O. Watanabe, F. Wilhelms, and J. W. White, “High-resolution record of Northern Hemisphere climate extending into the last interglacial period,” Nature431(7005), 147–151 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Opt. Express
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Opt. Lett.
- V. Spagnolo, L. Dong, A. A. Kosterev, D. Thomazy, J. H. Doty, and F. K. Tittel, “Modulation cancellation method for measurements of small temperature differences in a gas,” Opt. Lett.36(4), 460–462 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Opt. Photon. News
- F. K. Tittel, D. Weidmann, C. Oppenheimer, and L. Gianfrani, “Laser absorption spectroscopy for volcano monitoring,” Opt. Photon. News17(5), 24–31 (2006). [CrossRef]
Pure Appl. Chem.
- J. R. de Laeter, J. K. Bohlke, P. De Bievre, H. Hidaka, H. S. Peiser, K. J. R. Rosman, and P. D. P. Taylor, “Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report),” Pure Appl. Chem.75(6), 683–799 (2003). [CrossRef]
Rev. Sci. Instrum.
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Spectrochim. Acta [A]
- E. Kerstel, G. Gagliardi, L. Gianfrani, H. Meijer, R. van Trigt, and R. Ramaker, “Determination of the 2H/1H, 17O/16O, and 18O/16O isotope ratios in water by means of tunable diode laser spectroscopy at 1.39 μm,” Spectrochim. Acta [A]58(11), 2389–2396 (2002). [CrossRef]
Other
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2011, Long, Appl. Phys. B
- D. A. Long, M. Okumura, C. E. Miller, and J. T. Hodges, “Frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy measurements of carbon dioxide isotopic ratios,” Appl. Phys. B105(2), 471–477 (2011). [CrossRef]
- V. Spagnolo, L. Dong, A. A. Kosterev, D. Thomazy, J. H. Doty, and F. K. Tittel, “Modulation cancellation method in laser spectroscopy,” Appl. Phys. B103(3), 735–742 (2011). [CrossRef]
- P. Werle, “Accuracy and precision of laser spectrometers for trace gas sensing in the presence of optical fringes and atmospheric turbulence,” Appl. Phys. B102(2), 313–329 (2011). [CrossRef]
- L. Dong, A. A. Kosterev, D. Thomazy, and F. K. Tittel, “QEPAS spectrophones: design, optimization, and performance,” Appl. Phys. B100(3), 627–635 (2010). [CrossRef]
- L. Croizé, D. Mondelain, C. Camy-Peyret, C. Janssen, M. Lopez, M. Delmotte, and M. Schmidt, “Isotopic composition and concentration measurements of atmospheric CO2 with a diode laser making use of correlations between non-equivalent absorption cells,” Appl. Phys. B101(1-2), 411–421 (2010). [CrossRef]
- N. Petra, J. Zweck, A. A. Kosterev, S. E. Minkoff, and D. Thomazy, “Theoretical analysis of a quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy sensor,” Appl. Phys. B94(4), 673–680 (2009). [CrossRef]
- L. S. Rothman, I. E. Gordon, A. Barbe, D. C. Benner, P. F. Bernath, M. Birk, V. Boudon, L. R. Brown, A. Campargue, J.-P. Champion, K. Chance, L. H. Coudert, V. Dana, V. M. Devi, S. Fally, J.-M. Flaud, R. R. Gamache, A. Goldman, D. Jacquemart, I. Kleiner, N. Lacome, W. J. Lafferty, J.-Y. Mandin, S. T. Massie, S. N. Mikhailenko, C. E. Miller, N. Moazzen-Ahmadi, O. V. Naumenko, A. V. Nikitin, J. Orphal, V. I. Perevalov, A. Perrin, A. Predoi-Cross, C. P. Rinsland, M. Rotger, M. Šimečková, M. A. H. Smith, K. Sung, S. A. Tashkun, J. Tennyson, R. A. Toth, A. C. Vandaele, and J. Vander Auwera, “The HITRAN 2008 molecular spectroscopic database,” J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf.110(9-10), 533–572 (2009). [CrossRef]
- D. D. Nelson, J. B. Mcmanus, S. C. Herndon, M. S. Zahniser, B. Tuzson, and L. Emmenegger, “New method for isotopic ratio measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide using a 4.3 μm pulsed quantum cascade laser,” Appl. Phys. B90(2), 301–309 (2008). [CrossRef]
- M. Barbour, “Stable oxygen isotope composition of plant tissue: a review,” Funct. Plant Biol.34(2), 83–94 (2007). [CrossRef]
- F. K. Tittel, D. Weidmann, C. Oppenheimer, and L. Gianfrani, “Laser absorption spectroscopy for volcano monitoring,” Opt. Photon. News17(5), 24–31 (2006). [CrossRef]
- J. B. McManus, D. D. Nelson, J. H. Shorter, R. Jimenez, S. Herndon, S. Saleska, and M. Zahniser, “A high precision pulsed quantum cascade laser spectrometer for measurements of stable isotopes of carbon dioxide,” J. Mod. Opt.52(16), 2309–2321 (2005). [CrossRef]
- A. A. Kosterev, F. K. Tittel, D. V. Serebryakov, A. L. Malinovsky, and I. V. Morozov, “Applications of Quartz Tuning Forks in Spectroscopic Gas Sensing,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.76(4), 043105 (2005). [CrossRef]
- K. K. Andersen, N. Azuma, J. M. Barnola, M. Bigler, P. Biscaye, N. Caillon, J. Chappellaz, H. B. Clausen, D. Dahl-Jensen, H. Fischer, J. Flückiger, D. Fritzsche, Y. Fujii, K. Goto-Azuma, K. Grønvold, N. S. Gundestrup, M. Hansson, C. Huber, C. S. Hvidberg, S. J. Johnsen, U. Jonsell, J. Jouzel, S. Kipfstuhl, A. Landais, M. Leuenberger, R. Lorrain, V. Masson-Delmotte, H. Miller, H. Motoyama, H. Narita, T. Popp, S. O. Rasmussen, D. Raynaud, R. Rothlisberger, U. Ruth, D. Samyn, J. Schwander, H. Shoji, M. L. Siggard-Andersen, J. P. Steffensen, T. Stocker, A. E. Sveinbjörnsdóttir, A. Svensson, M. Takata, J. L. Tison, T. Thorsteinsson, O. Watanabe, F. Wilhelms, and J. W. White, “High-resolution record of Northern Hemisphere climate extending into the last interglacial period,” Nature431(7005), 147–151 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. J. Griffis, J. M. Baker, S. D. Sargent, B. D. Tanner, and J. Zhang, “Measuring field-scale isotopic CO2 fluxes with tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy and micrometeorological techniques,” Agric. For. Meteorol.124(1-2), 15–29 (2004). [CrossRef]
- D. R. Bowling, S. D. Sargent, B. D. Tanner, and J. R. Ehleringer, “Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy for stable isotope studies of ecosystem-atmosphere CO2 exchange,” Agric. For. Meteorol.118(1-2), 1–19 (2003). [CrossRef]
- J. R. de Laeter, J. K. Bohlke, P. De Bievre, H. Hidaka, H. S. Peiser, K. J. R. Rosman, and P. D. P. Taylor, “Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report),” Pure Appl. Chem.75(6), 683–799 (2003). [CrossRef]
- E. Kerstel, G. Gagliardi, L. Gianfrani, H. Meijer, R. van Trigt, and R. Ramaker, “Determination of the 2H/1H, 17O/16O, and 18O/16O isotope ratios in water by means of tunable diode laser spectroscopy at 1.39 μm,” Spectrochim. Acta [A]58(11), 2389–2396 (2002). [CrossRef]
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