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Graphene-based polymer waveguide polarizerJin Tae Kim and Choon-Gi Choi »View Author Affiliations
Jin Tae Kim*
and Choon-Gi Choi*,1
1Creative Research Center for Graphene Electronics, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon 305-700, South Korea 2cgchoi@etri.re.kr *Corresponding author: jintae@etri.re.kr |
Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 4, pp. 3556-3562 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.003556
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Abstract
Planar-lightwave-circuit (PLC)-type graphene polarizers are fabricated by using a low loss optical polymer waveguide. The optical characteristics are investigated at a wavelength of 1.31 µm. By interface engineering with a UV-curable perfluorinated acrylate polymer resin, the graphene’s electrical properties are tuned to support a transverse-magnetic (TM) or transverse-electric (TE) surface wave. Thus, the fabricated PLC-type graphene polarizer serves alternatively as a TM-pass or TE-pass polarizer depending on the absence or presence of the upper-cladding layer. The proposed planar-type graphene polarizer can be exploited further for on-chip photonic integrated circuit and devices.
© 2012 OSA
OCIS Codes
(130.3120) Integrated optics : Integrated optics devices
(230.7370) Optical devices : Waveguides
(160.4236) Materials : Nanomaterials
ToC Category:
Integrated Optics
History
Original Manuscript: December 6, 2011
Revised Manuscript: January 8, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: January 10, 2012
Published: January 30, 2012
Citation
Jin Tae Kim and Choon-Gi Choi, "Graphene-based polymer waveguide polarizer," Opt. Express 20, 3556-3562 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-20-4-3556
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References
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- Y.-M. Lin, C. Dimitrakopoulos, K. A. Jenkins, D. B. Farmer, H.-Y. Chiu, A. Grill, and Ph. Avouris, “100-GHz transistors from wafer-scale epitaxial graphene,” Science327(5966), 662 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- P. Matyba, H. Yamaguchi, G. Eda, M. Chhowalla, L. Edman, and N. D. Robinson, “Graphene and mobile ions: the key to all-plastic, solution-processed light-emitting devices,” ACS Nano4(2), 637–642 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- R. Wang, S. Wang, D. Zhang, Z. Li, Y. Fang, and X. Qiu, “Control of carrier type and density in exfoliated graphene by interface engineering,” ACS Nano5(1), 408–412 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y.-M. Lin, C. Dimitrakopoulos, K. A. Jenkins, D. B. Farmer, H.-Y. Chiu, A. Grill, and Ph. Avouris, “100-GHz transistors from wafer-scale epitaxial graphene,” Science327(5966), 662 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- K. S. Novoselov, A. K. Geim, S. V. Morozov, D. Jiang, Y. Zhang, S. V. Dubonos, I. V. Grigorieva, and A. A. Firsov, “Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films,” Science306(5696), 666–669 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Huang, H. Zhu, L. Jing, Y. Zhao, and X. Gao, “Graphene covalently binding aryl groups: conductivity increases rather than decreases,” ACS Nano5(10), 7945–7949 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. H. C. Neto, F. Guinea, N. M. R. Peres, K. S. Novoselov, and A. K. Geim, “The electronic properties of graphene,” Rev. Mod. Phys.81(1), 109–162 (2009). [CrossRef]
- A. C. Ferrari, J. C. Meyer, V. Scardaci, C. Casiraghi, M. Lazzeri, F. Mauri, S. Piscanec, D. Jiang, K. S. Novoselov, S. Roth, and A. K. Geim, “Raman spectrum of graphene and graphene layers,” Phys. Rev. Lett.97(18), 187401 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. S. Novoselov, A. K. Geim, S. V. Morozov, D. Jiang, Y. Zhang, S. V. Dubonos, I. V. Grigorieva, and A. A. Firsov, “Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films,” Science306(5696), 666–669 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Liu, X. Yin, E. Ulin-Avila, B. Geng, T. Zentgraf, L. Ju, F. Wang, and X. Zhang, “A graphene-based broadband optical modulator,” Nature474(7349), 64–67 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Gomez De Arco, Y. Zhang, C. W. Schlenker, K. Ryu, M. E. Thompson, and C. Zhou, “Continuous, highly flexible, and transparent graphene films by chemical vapor deposition for organic photovoltaics,” ACS Nano4(5), 2865–2873 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. S. Novoselov, A. K. Geim, S. V. Morozov, D. Jiang, Y. Zhang, S. V. Dubonos, I. V. Grigorieva, and A. A. Firsov, “Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films,” Science306(5696), 666–669 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y.-M. Lin, C. Dimitrakopoulos, K. A. Jenkins, D. B. Farmer, H.-Y. Chiu, A. Grill, and Ph. Avouris, “100-GHz transistors from wafer-scale epitaxial graphene,” Science327(5966), 662 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. H. C. Neto, F. Guinea, N. M. R. Peres, K. S. Novoselov, and A. K. Geim, “The electronic properties of graphene,” Rev. Mod. Phys.81(1), 109–162 (2009). [CrossRef]
- N. M. R. Peres, F. Guinea, and A. H. Castro Neto, “Electronic properties of disordered two-dimensional carbon,” Phys. Rev. B73(12), 125411 (2006). [CrossRef]
- X. Wang, X. Li, L. Zhang, Y. Yoon, P. K. Weber, H. Wang, J. Guo, and H. Dai, “N-doping of graphene through electrothermal reactions with ammonia,” Science324(5928), 768–771 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. P. Gusynin, S. G. Sharapov, and J. P. Carbotte, “Magneto-optical conductivity in graphene,” J. Phys. Condens. Matter19(2), 026222 (2007). [CrossRef]
- G. W. Hanson, “Dyadic Green’s functions and guided surface waves for a surface conductivity model of graphene,” J. Appl. Phys.103(6), 064302 (2008). [CrossRef]
- F. Bonaccorso, Z. Sun, T. Hasan, and A. C. Ferrari, “Graphene photonics and optoelectronics,” Nat. Photonics4(9), 611–622 (2010). [CrossRef]
- A. Reina, X. Jia, J. Ho, D. Nezich, H. Son, V. Bulovic, M. S. Dresselhaus, and J. Kong, “Large area, few-layer graphene films on arbitrary substrates by chemical vapor deposition,” Nano Lett.9(1), 30–35 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Bae, H. Kim, Y. Lee, X. Xu, J.-S. Park, Y. Zheng, J. Balakrishnan, T. Lei, H. Ri Kim, Y. I. Song, Y.-J. Kim, K. S. Kim, B. Özyilmaz, J.-H. Ahn, B. H. Hong, and S. Iijima, “Roll-to-roll production of 30-inch graphene films for transparent electrodes,” Nat. Nanotechnol.5(8), 574–578 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Huang, H. Zhu, L. Jing, Y. Zhao, and X. Gao, “Graphene covalently binding aryl groups: conductivity increases rather than decreases,” ACS Nano5(10), 7945–7949 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Liao, Y.-C. Lin, M. Bao, R. Cheng, J. Bai, Y. Liu, Y. Qu, K. L. Wang, Y. Huang, and X. Duan, “High-speed graphene transistors with a self-aligned nanowire gate,” Nature467(7313), 305–308 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Bae, H. Kim, Y. Lee, X. Xu, J.-S. Park, Y. Zheng, J. Balakrishnan, T. Lei, H. Ri Kim, Y. I. Song, Y.-J. Kim, K. S. Kim, B. Özyilmaz, J.-H. Ahn, B. H. Hong, and S. Iijima, “Roll-to-roll production of 30-inch graphene films for transparent electrodes,” Nat. Nanotechnol.5(8), 574–578 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Jablan, H. Buljan, and M. Soljacic, “Plasmonics in graphene at infrared frequencies,” Phys. Rev. B80(24), 245435 (2009). [CrossRef]
- Y.-M. Lin, C. Dimitrakopoulos, K. A. Jenkins, D. B. Farmer, H.-Y. Chiu, A. Grill, and Ph. Avouris, “100-GHz transistors from wafer-scale epitaxial graphene,” Science327(5966), 662 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Reina, X. Jia, J. Ho, D. Nezich, H. Son, V. Bulovic, M. S. Dresselhaus, and J. Kong, “Large area, few-layer graphene films on arbitrary substrates by chemical vapor deposition,” Nano Lett.9(1), 30–35 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. C. Ferrari, J. C. Meyer, V. Scardaci, C. Casiraghi, M. Lazzeri, F. Mauri, S. Piscanec, D. Jiang, K. S. Novoselov, S. Roth, and A. K. Geim, “Raman spectrum of graphene and graphene layers,” Phys. Rev. Lett.97(18), 187401 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. S. Novoselov, A. K. Geim, S. V. Morozov, D. Jiang, Y. Zhang, S. V. Dubonos, I. V. Grigorieva, and A. A. Firsov, “Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films,” Science306(5696), 666–669 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Huang, H. Zhu, L. Jing, Y. Zhao, and X. Gao, “Graphene covalently binding aryl groups: conductivity increases rather than decreases,” ACS Nano5(10), 7945–7949 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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Nature
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