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Room temperature polariton lasing vs. photon lasing in a ZnO-based hybrid microcavityTien-Chang Lu, Ying-Yu Lai, Yu-Pin Lan, Si-Wei Huang, Jun-Rong Chen, Yung-Chi Wu, Wen-Feng Hsieh, and Hui Deng »View Author Affiliations
Tien-Chang Lu,1,*
Ying-Yu Lai,1
Yu-Pin Lan,1
Si-Wei Huang,1
Jun-Rong Chen,1
Yung-Chi Wu,1
Wen-Feng Hsieh,1
and Hui Deng2
1Department of Photonics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan 2Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA *Corresponding author: timtclu@mail.nctu.edu.tw |
Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 5, pp. 5530-5537 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.005530
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Abstract
We report on the room temperature polariton lasing and photon lasing in a ZnO-based hybrid microcavity under optical pumping. A series of experimental studies of the polariton lasing (exciton-photon detunings of δ = −119meV) in the strong-coupling regime are discussed and compared to a photon lasing (δ = −45meV) in the weak-coupling regime obtained in the same structure. The measured threshold power density (31.8kW/cm2) of polariton lasing is one order of magnitude lower than that of the photon lasing (318.2kW/cm2). In addition, the comparison between polariton lasing and photon lasing is done in terms of the linewidth broadening, blue-shift of the emission peak, and polarization.
© 2012 OSA
OCIS Codes
(140.3945) Lasers and laser optics : Microcavities
(140.3948) Lasers and laser optics : Microcavity devices
ToC Category:
Lasers and Laser Optics
History
Original Manuscript: November 23, 2011
Revised Manuscript: December 19, 2011
Manuscript Accepted: January 10, 2012
Published: February 22, 2012
Citation
Tien-Chang Lu, Ying-Yu Lai, Yu-Pin Lan, Si-Wei Huang, Jun-Rong Chen, Yung-Chi Wu, Wen-Feng Hsieh, and Hui Deng, "Room temperature polariton lasing vs. photon lasing in a ZnO-based hybrid microcavity," Opt. Express 20, 5530-5537 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-20-5-5530
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References
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- J. Levrat, R. Butté, T. Christian, M. Glauser, E. Feltin, J.-F. Carlin, N. Grandjean, and Y. G. Rubo, “Pinning and depinning of the polarization of exciton-polariton condensates at room temperature,” Phys. Rev. Lett.104(16), 166402 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Butté, J. Levrat, G. Christmann, E. Feltin, J.-F. Carlin, and N. Grandjean, “Phase diagram of a polariton laser from cryogenic to room temperature,” Phys. Rev. B80(23), 233301 (2009). [CrossRef]
- J. J. Baumberg, A. V. Kavokin, S. Christopoulos, A. J. D. Grundy, R. Butté, G. Christmann, D. D. Solnyshkov, G. Malpuech, G. B. von Högersthal, E. Feltin, J.-F. Carlin, and N. Grandjean, “Spontaneous polarization buildup in a room-temperature polariton laser,” Phys. Rev. Lett.101(13), 136409 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Christmann, R. Butté, E. Feltin, J.-F. Carlin, and N. Grandjean, “Room temperature polariton lasing in a GaN/AlGaN multiple quantum well microcavity,” Appl. Phys. Lett.93(5), 051102 (2008). [CrossRef]
- S. Christopoulos, G. B. von Högersthal, A. J. D. Grundy, P. G. Lagoudakis, A. V. Kavokin, J. J. Baumberg, G. Christmann, R. Butté, E. Feltin, J.-F. Carlin, and N. Grandjean, “Room-temperature polariton lasing in semiconductor microcavities,” Phys. Rev. Lett.98(12), 126405 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- L. Ferrier, S. Pigeon, E. Wertz, M. Bamba, P. Senellart, I. Sagnes, A. Lemaître, C. Ciuti, and J. Bloch, “Polariton parametric oscillation in a single micropillar cavity,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(3), 031105 (2010). [CrossRef]
- C. Diederichs, J. Tignon, G. Dasbach, C. Ciuti, A. Lemaître, J. Bloch, Ph. Roussignol, and C. Delalande, “Parametric oscillation in vertical triple microcavities,” Nature440(7086), 904–907 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- J. Levrat, R. Butté, T. Christian, M. Glauser, E. Feltin, J.-F. Carlin, N. Grandjean, and Y. G. Rubo, “Pinning and depinning of the polarization of exciton-polariton condensates at room temperature,” Phys. Rev. Lett.104(16), 166402 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. H. Huang, S. Mao, H. Feick, H. Yan, Y. Wu, H. Kind, E. Weber, R. Russo, and P. Yang, “Room-temperature ultraviolet nanowire nanolasers,” Science292(5523), 1897–1899 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- V. M. Markushev, V. V. Ursaki, M. V. Ryzhkov, C. M. Briskina, I. M. Tiginyanu, E. V. Rusu, and A. A. Zakhidov, “ZnO lasing in complex systems with tetrapods,” Appl. Phys. B93(1), 231–238 (2008). [CrossRef]
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- H. Deng, G. Weihs, C. Santori, J. Bloch, and Y. Yamamoto, “Condensation of semiconductor microcavity exciton polaritons,” Science298(5591), 199–202 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. P. D. Love, D. N. Krizhanovskii, D. M. Whittaker, R. Bouchekioua, D. Sanvitto, S. A. Rizeiqi, R. Bradley, M. S. Skolnick, P. R. Eastham, R. André, and S. Dang, “Intrinsic decoherence mechanisms in the microcavity polariton condensate,” Phys. Rev. Lett.101(6), 067404 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- F. Tassone, C. Piermarocchi, V. Savona, A. Quattropani, and P. Schwendimann, “Bottleneck effects in the relaxation and photoluminescence of microcavity polaritons,” Phys. Rev. B56(12), 7554–7563 (1997). [CrossRef]
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- F. Tassone, C. Piermarocchi, V. Savona, A. Quattropani, and P. Schwendimann, “Bottleneck effects in the relaxation and photoluminescence of microcavity polaritons,” Phys. Rev. B56(12), 7554–7563 (1997). [CrossRef]
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- I. R. Sellers, F. Semond, M. Leroux, J. Massies, M. Zamfirescu, F. Stokker-Cheregi, M. Gurioli, A. Vinattieri, M. Colocci, A. Tahraoui, and A. A. Khalifa, “Polariton emission and reflectivity in GaN microcavities as a function of angle and temperature,” Phys. Rev. B74(19), 193308 (2006). [CrossRef]
- L. Ferrier, S. Pigeon, E. Wertz, M. Bamba, P. Senellart, I. Sagnes, A. Lemaître, C. Ciuti, and J. Bloch, “Polariton parametric oscillation in a single micropillar cavity,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(3), 031105 (2010). [CrossRef]
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- J. J. Baumberg, P. G. Savvidis, R. M. Stevenson, A. I. Tartakovskii, M. S. Skolnick, D. M. Whittaker, and J. S. Roberts, “Parametric oscillation in a vertical microcavity: A polariton condensate or micro-optical parametric oscillation,” Phys. Rev. B62(24), R16247–R16250 (2000). [CrossRef]
- R. Balili, V. Hartwell, D. Snoke, L. Pfeiffer, and K. West, “Bose-Einstein condensation of microcavity polaritons in a trap,” Science316(5827), 1007–1010 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Deng, G. Weihs, D. Snoke, J. Bloch, and Y. Yamamoto, “Polariton lasing vs. photon lasing in a semiconductor microcavity,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.100(26), 15318–15323 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. J. Baumberg, A. V. Kavokin, S. Christopoulos, A. J. D. Grundy, R. Butté, G. Christmann, D. D. Solnyshkov, G. Malpuech, G. B. von Högersthal, E. Feltin, J.-F. Carlin, and N. Grandjean, “Spontaneous polarization buildup in a room-temperature polariton laser,” Phys. Rev. Lett.101(13), 136409 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- A. I. Tartakovskii, M. Emam-Ismail, R. M. Stevenson, M. S. Skolnick, V. N. Astratov, D. M. Whittaker, J. J. Baumberg, and J. S. Roberts, “Relaxation bottleneck and its suppression in semiconductor microcavities,” Phys. Rev. B62(4), R2283–R2286 (2000). [CrossRef]
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- J. Kasprzak, M. Richard, S. Kundermann, A. Baas, P. Jeambrun, J. M. J. Keeling, F. M. Marchetti, M. H. Szymańska, R. André, J. L. Staehli, V. Savona, P. B. Littlewood, B. Deveaud, and S. Dang, “Bose-Einstein condensation of exciton polaritons,” Nature443(7110), 409–414 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. R. Sellers, F. Semond, M. Leroux, J. Massies, M. Zamfirescu, F. Stokker-Cheregi, M. Gurioli, A. Vinattieri, M. Colocci, A. Tahraoui, and A. A. Khalifa, “Polariton emission and reflectivity in GaN microcavities as a function of angle and temperature,” Phys. Rev. B74(19), 193308 (2006). [CrossRef]
- J. J. Baumberg, P. G. Savvidis, R. M. Stevenson, A. I. Tartakovskii, M. S. Skolnick, D. M. Whittaker, and J. S. Roberts, “Parametric oscillation in a vertical microcavity: A polariton condensate or micro-optical parametric oscillation,” Phys. Rev. B62(24), R16247–R16250 (2000). [CrossRef]
- A. I. Tartakovskii, M. Emam-Ismail, R. M. Stevenson, M. S. Skolnick, V. N. Astratov, D. M. Whittaker, J. J. Baumberg, and J. S. Roberts, “Relaxation bottleneck and its suppression in semiconductor microcavities,” Phys. Rev. B62(4), R2283–R2286 (2000). [CrossRef]
- F. Tassone, C. Piermarocchi, V. Savona, A. Quattropani, and P. Schwendimann, “Bottleneck effects in the relaxation and photoluminescence of microcavity polaritons,” Phys. Rev. B56(12), 7554–7563 (1997). [CrossRef]
- S. Utsunomiya, L. Tian, G. Roumpos, C. W. Lai, N. Kumada, T. Fujisawa, M. Kuwata-Gonokami, A. Löffler, S. Höfling, A. Forchel, and Y. Yamamoto, “Observation of Bogoliubov excitations in exciton-polariton condensates,” Nat. Phys.4(9), 700–705 (2008). [CrossRef]
- V. M. Markushev, V. V. Ursaki, M. V. Ryzhkov, C. M. Briskina, I. M. Tiginyanu, E. V. Rusu, and A. A. Zakhidov, “ZnO lasing in complex systems with tetrapods,” Appl. Phys. B93(1), 231–238 (2008). [CrossRef]
- C. Diederichs, J. Tignon, G. Dasbach, C. Ciuti, A. Lemaître, J. Bloch, Ph. Roussignol, and C. Delalande, “Parametric oscillation in vertical triple microcavities,” Nature440(7086), 904–907 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. M. Markushev, V. V. Ursaki, M. V. Ryzhkov, C. M. Briskina, I. M. Tiginyanu, E. V. Rusu, and A. A. Zakhidov, “ZnO lasing in complex systems with tetrapods,” Appl. Phys. B93(1), 231–238 (2008). [CrossRef]
- S. Utsunomiya, L. Tian, G. Roumpos, C. W. Lai, N. Kumada, T. Fujisawa, M. Kuwata-Gonokami, A. Löffler, S. Höfling, A. Forchel, and Y. Yamamoto, “Observation of Bogoliubov excitations in exciton-polariton condensates,” Nat. Phys.4(9), 700–705 (2008). [CrossRef]
- C. W. Lai, N. Y. Kim, S. Utsunomiya, G. Roumpos, H. Deng, M. D. Fraser, T. Byrnes, P. Recher, N. Kumada, T. Fujisawa, and Y. Yamamoto, “Coherent zero-state and π-state in an exciton-polariton condensate array,” Nature450(7169), 529–532 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Davis, M. Mewes, M. Andrews, N. van Druten, D. Durfee, D. Kurn, and W. Ketterle, “Bose-Einstein condensation in a gas of sodium atoms,” Phys. Rev. Lett.75(22), 3969–3973 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. R. Sellers, F. Semond, M. Leroux, J. Massies, M. Zamfirescu, F. Stokker-Cheregi, M. Gurioli, A. Vinattieri, M. Colocci, A. Tahraoui, and A. A. Khalifa, “Polariton emission and reflectivity in GaN microcavities as a function of angle and temperature,” Phys. Rev. B74(19), 193308 (2006). [CrossRef]
- J. J. Baumberg, A. V. Kavokin, S. Christopoulos, A. J. D. Grundy, R. Butté, G. Christmann, D. D. Solnyshkov, G. Malpuech, G. B. von Högersthal, E. Feltin, J.-F. Carlin, and N. Grandjean, “Spontaneous polarization buildup in a room-temperature polariton laser,” Phys. Rev. Lett.101(13), 136409 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Christopoulos, G. B. von Högersthal, A. J. D. Grundy, P. G. Lagoudakis, A. V. Kavokin, J. J. Baumberg, G. Christmann, R. Butté, E. Feltin, J.-F. Carlin, and N. Grandjean, “Room-temperature polariton lasing in semiconductor microcavities,” Phys. Rev. Lett.98(12), 126405 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. H. Huang, S. Mao, H. Feick, H. Yan, Y. Wu, H. Kind, E. Weber, R. Russo, and P. Yang, “Room-temperature ultraviolet nanowire nanolasers,” Science292(5523), 1897–1899 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Deng, G. Weihs, D. Snoke, J. Bloch, and Y. Yamamoto, “Polariton lasing vs. photon lasing in a semiconductor microcavity,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.100(26), 15318–15323 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Deng, G. Weihs, C. Santori, J. Bloch, and Y. Yamamoto, “Condensation of semiconductor microcavity exciton polaritons,” Science298(5591), 199–202 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Weisbuch, M. Nishioka, A. Ishikawa, and Y. Arakawa, “Observation of the coupled exciton-photon mode splitting in a semiconductor quantum microcavity,” Phys. Rev. Lett.69(23), 3314–3317 (1992). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Ferrier, S. Pigeon, E. Wertz, M. Bamba, P. Senellart, I. Sagnes, A. Lemaître, C. Ciuti, and J. Bloch, “Polariton parametric oscillation in a single micropillar cavity,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(3), 031105 (2010). [CrossRef]
- R. Balili, V. Hartwell, D. Snoke, L. Pfeiffer, and K. West, “Bose-Einstein condensation of microcavity polaritons in a trap,” Science316(5827), 1007–1010 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. M. Whittaker and P. R. Eastham, “Coherence properties of the microcavity polariton condensate,” Europhys. Lett.87(2), 27002 (2009). [CrossRef]
- A. P. D. Love, D. N. Krizhanovskii, D. M. Whittaker, R. Bouchekioua, D. Sanvitto, S. A. Rizeiqi, R. Bradley, M. S. Skolnick, P. R. Eastham, R. André, and S. Dang, “Intrinsic decoherence mechanisms in the microcavity polariton condensate,” Phys. Rev. Lett.101(6), 067404 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. I. Tartakovskii, M. Emam-Ismail, R. M. Stevenson, M. S. Skolnick, V. N. Astratov, D. M. Whittaker, J. J. Baumberg, and J. S. Roberts, “Relaxation bottleneck and its suppression in semiconductor microcavities,” Phys. Rev. B62(4), R2283–R2286 (2000). [CrossRef]
- J. J. Baumberg, P. G. Savvidis, R. M. Stevenson, A. I. Tartakovskii, M. S. Skolnick, D. M. Whittaker, and J. S. Roberts, “Parametric oscillation in a vertical microcavity: A polariton condensate or micro-optical parametric oscillation,” Phys. Rev. B62(24), R16247–R16250 (2000). [CrossRef]
- M. H. Huang, S. Mao, H. Feick, H. Yan, Y. Wu, H. Kind, E. Weber, R. Russo, and P. Yang, “Room-temperature ultraviolet nanowire nanolasers,” Science292(5523), 1897–1899 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J.-R. Chen, T.-C. Lu, Y.-C. Wu, S.-C. Lin, W.-F. Hsieh, S.-C. Wang, and H. Deng, “Characteristics of exciton-polaritons in ZnO-based hybrid microcavities,” Opt. Express19(5), 4101–4112 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J.-R. Chen, T.-C. Lu, Y.-C. Wu, S.-C. Lin, W.-R. Liu, W.-F. Hsieh, C.-C. Kuo, and C.-C. Lee, “Large vacuum Rabi splitting in ZnO-based hybrid microcavities observed at room temperature,” Appl. Phys. Lett.94(6), 061103 (2009). [CrossRef]
- J. Dai, C. X. Xu, K. Zheng, C. G. Lv, and Y. P. Cui, “Whispering gallery-mode lasing in ZnO microrods at room temperature,” Appl. Phys. Lett.95(24), 241110 (2009). [CrossRef]
- H. Den, H. Haug, and Y. Yamamoto, “Exciton-polariton Bose-Einstein condensation,” Rev. Mod. Phys.82(2), 1489–1537 (2010). [CrossRef]
- S. Utsunomiya, L. Tian, G. Roumpos, C. W. Lai, N. Kumada, T. Fujisawa, M. Kuwata-Gonokami, A. Löffler, S. Höfling, A. Forchel, and Y. Yamamoto, “Observation of Bogoliubov excitations in exciton-polariton condensates,” Nat. Phys.4(9), 700–705 (2008). [CrossRef]
- H. Deng, G. S. Solomon, R. Hey, K. H. Ploog, and Y. Yamamoto, “Spatial coherence of a polariton condensate,” Phys. Rev. Lett.99(12), 126403 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. W. Lai, N. Y. Kim, S. Utsunomiya, G. Roumpos, H. Deng, M. D. Fraser, T. Byrnes, P. Recher, N. Kumada, T. Fujisawa, and Y. Yamamoto, “Coherent zero-state and π-state in an exciton-polariton condensate array,” Nature450(7169), 529–532 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Deng, G. Weihs, D. Snoke, J. Bloch, and Y. Yamamoto, “Polariton lasing vs. photon lasing in a semiconductor microcavity,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.100(26), 15318–15323 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Deng, G. Weihs, C. Santori, J. Bloch, and Y. Yamamoto, “Condensation of semiconductor microcavity exciton polaritons,” Science298(5591), 199–202 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. H. Huang, S. Mao, H. Feick, H. Yan, Y. Wu, H. Kind, E. Weber, R. Russo, and P. Yang, “Room-temperature ultraviolet nanowire nanolasers,” Science292(5523), 1897–1899 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. H. Huang, S. Mao, H. Feick, H. Yan, Y. Wu, H. Kind, E. Weber, R. Russo, and P. Yang, “Room-temperature ultraviolet nanowire nanolasers,” Science292(5523), 1897–1899 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. M. Markushev, V. V. Ursaki, M. V. Ryzhkov, C. M. Briskina, I. M. Tiginyanu, E. V. Rusu, and A. A. Zakhidov, “ZnO lasing in complex systems with tetrapods,” Appl. Phys. B93(1), 231–238 (2008). [CrossRef]
- I. R. Sellers, F. Semond, M. Leroux, J. Massies, M. Zamfirescu, F. Stokker-Cheregi, M. Gurioli, A. Vinattieri, M. Colocci, A. Tahraoui, and A. A. Khalifa, “Polariton emission and reflectivity in GaN microcavities as a function of angle and temperature,” Phys. Rev. B74(19), 193308 (2006). [CrossRef]
- M. Zamfirescu, A. Kavokin, B. Gil, and G. Malpuech, “ZnO as a material mostly adapted for realization of room-temperature polariton lasers,” Phys. Status Solidi195(3), 563–567 (2003) (a). [CrossRef]
- M. Zamfirescu, A. Kavokin, B. Gil, G. Malpuech, and M. Kaliteevski, “ZnO as a material mostly adapted for the realization of room-temperature polariton lasers,” Phys. Rev. B65(16), 161205 (2002). [CrossRef]
- J. Dai, C. X. Xu, K. Zheng, C. G. Lv, and Y. P. Cui, “Whispering gallery-mode lasing in ZnO microrods at room temperature,” Appl. Phys. Lett.95(24), 241110 (2009). [CrossRef]
Appl. Phys. B
- V. M. Markushev, V. V. Ursaki, M. V. Ryzhkov, C. M. Briskina, I. M. Tiginyanu, E. V. Rusu, and A. A. Zakhidov, “ZnO lasing in complex systems with tetrapods,” Appl. Phys. B93(1), 231–238 (2008). [CrossRef]
Appl. Phys. Lett.
- J. Dai, C. X. Xu, K. Zheng, C. G. Lv, and Y. P. Cui, “Whispering gallery-mode lasing in ZnO microrods at room temperature,” Appl. Phys. Lett.95(24), 241110 (2009). [CrossRef]
- S. Kalusniak, S. Sadofev, S. Halm, and F. Henneberger, “Vertical cavity surface emitting laser action of an all monolithic ZnO-based microcavity,” Appl. Phys. Lett.98(1), 011101 (2011). [CrossRef]
- G. Christmann, R. Butté, E. Feltin, J.-F. Carlin, and N. Grandjean, “Room temperature polariton lasing in a GaN/AlGaN multiple quantum well microcavity,” Appl. Phys. Lett.93(5), 051102 (2008). [CrossRef]
- L. Ferrier, S. Pigeon, E. Wertz, M. Bamba, P. Senellart, I. Sagnes, A. Lemaître, C. Ciuti, and J. Bloch, “Polariton parametric oscillation in a single micropillar cavity,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(3), 031105 (2010). [CrossRef]
- J.-R. Chen, T.-C. Lu, Y.-C. Wu, S.-C. Lin, W.-R. Liu, W.-F. Hsieh, C.-C. Kuo, and C.-C. Lee, “Large vacuum Rabi splitting in ZnO-based hybrid microcavities observed at room temperature,” Appl. Phys. Lett.94(6), 061103 (2009). [CrossRef]
Europhys. Lett.
- D. M. Whittaker and P. R. Eastham, “Coherence properties of the microcavity polariton condensate,” Europhys. Lett.87(2), 27002 (2009). [CrossRef]
IEEE J. Quantum Electron.
- C. H. Henry, “Theory of the Linewidth of Semiconductor Lasers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron.18(2), 259–264 (1982). [CrossRef]
J. Appl. Phys.
- P. G. Lagoudakis, M. D. Martin, J. J. Baumberg, G. Malpuech, and A. Kavokin, “Coexistence of low threshold lasing and strong coupling in microcavities,” J. Appl. Phys.95(5), 2487 (2004). [CrossRef]
Nat. Phys.
- S. Utsunomiya, L. Tian, G. Roumpos, C. W. Lai, N. Kumada, T. Fujisawa, M. Kuwata-Gonokami, A. Löffler, S. Höfling, A. Forchel, and Y. Yamamoto, “Observation of Bogoliubov excitations in exciton-polariton condensates,” Nat. Phys.4(9), 700–705 (2008). [CrossRef]
Nature
- J. Kasprzak, M. Richard, S. Kundermann, A. Baas, P. Jeambrun, J. M. J. Keeling, F. M. Marchetti, M. H. Szymańska, R. André, J. L. Staehli, V. Savona, P. B. Littlewood, B. Deveaud, and S. Dang, “Bose-Einstein condensation of exciton polaritons,” Nature443(7110), 409–414 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Diederichs, J. Tignon, G. Dasbach, C. Ciuti, A. Lemaître, J. Bloch, Ph. Roussignol, and C. Delalande, “Parametric oscillation in vertical triple microcavities,” Nature440(7086), 904–907 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. W. Lai, N. Y. Kim, S. Utsunomiya, G. Roumpos, H. Deng, M. D. Fraser, T. Byrnes, P. Recher, N. Kumada, T. Fujisawa, and Y. Yamamoto, “Coherent zero-state and π-state in an exciton-polariton condensate array,” Nature450(7169), 529–532 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Opt. Express
- J.-R. Chen, T.-C. Lu, Y.-C. Wu, S.-C. Lin, W.-F. Hsieh, S.-C. Wang, and H. Deng, “Characteristics of exciton-polaritons in ZnO-based hybrid microcavities,” Opt. Express19(5), 4101–4112 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Phys. Rev. B
- I. R. Sellers, F. Semond, M. Leroux, J. Massies, M. Zamfirescu, F. Stokker-Cheregi, M. Gurioli, A. Vinattieri, M. Colocci, A. Tahraoui, and A. A. Khalifa, “Polariton emission and reflectivity in GaN microcavities as a function of angle and temperature,” Phys. Rev. B74(19), 193308 (2006). [CrossRef]
- M. Zamfirescu, A. Kavokin, B. Gil, G. Malpuech, and M. Kaliteevski, “ZnO as a material mostly adapted for the realization of room-temperature polariton lasers,” Phys. Rev. B65(16), 161205 (2002). [CrossRef]
- J. J. Baumberg, P. G. Savvidis, R. M. Stevenson, A. I. Tartakovskii, M. S. Skolnick, D. M. Whittaker, and J. S. Roberts, “Parametric oscillation in a vertical microcavity: A polariton condensate or micro-optical parametric oscillation,” Phys. Rev. B62(24), R16247–R16250 (2000). [CrossRef]
- S. Faure, T. Guillet, P. Lefebvre, T. Bretagnon, and B. Gil, “Comparison of strong coupling regimes in bulk GaAs, GaN, and ZnO semiconductor microcavities,” Phys. Rev. B78(23), 235323 (2008). [CrossRef]
- F. Tassone, C. Piermarocchi, V. Savona, A. Quattropani, and P. Schwendimann, “Bottleneck effects in the relaxation and photoluminescence of microcavity polaritons,” Phys. Rev. B56(12), 7554–7563 (1997). [CrossRef]
- A. I. Tartakovskii, M. Emam-Ismail, R. M. Stevenson, M. S. Skolnick, V. N. Astratov, D. M. Whittaker, J. J. Baumberg, and J. S. Roberts, “Relaxation bottleneck and its suppression in semiconductor microcavities,” Phys. Rev. B62(4), R2283–R2286 (2000). [CrossRef]
- R. Butté, J. Levrat, G. Christmann, E. Feltin, J.-F. Carlin, and N. Grandjean, “Phase diagram of a polariton laser from cryogenic to room temperature,” Phys. Rev. B80(23), 233301 (2009). [CrossRef]
- C. Klingshirn, R. Hauschild, J. Fallert, and H. Kalt, “Room-temperature stimulated emission of ZnO: Alternatives to excitonic lasing,” Phys. Rev. B75(11), 115203 (2007). [CrossRef]
Phys. Rev. Lett.
- A. P. D. Love, D. N. Krizhanovskii, D. M. Whittaker, R. Bouchekioua, D. Sanvitto, S. A. Rizeiqi, R. Bradley, M. S. Skolnick, P. R. Eastham, R. André, and S. Dang, “Intrinsic decoherence mechanisms in the microcavity polariton condensate,” Phys. Rev. Lett.101(6), 067404 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Christopoulos, G. B. von Högersthal, A. J. D. Grundy, P. G. Lagoudakis, A. V. Kavokin, J. J. Baumberg, G. Christmann, R. Butté, E. Feltin, J.-F. Carlin, and N. Grandjean, “Room-temperature polariton lasing in semiconductor microcavities,” Phys. Rev. Lett.98(12), 126405 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Davis, M. Mewes, M. Andrews, N. van Druten, D. Durfee, D. Kurn, and W. Ketterle, “Bose-Einstein condensation in a gas of sodium atoms,” Phys. Rev. Lett.75(22), 3969–3973 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Weisbuch, M. Nishioka, A. Ishikawa, and Y. Arakawa, “Observation of the coupled exciton-photon mode splitting in a semiconductor quantum microcavity,” Phys. Rev. Lett.69(23), 3314–3317 (1992). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. J. Baumberg, A. V. Kavokin, S. Christopoulos, A. J. D. Grundy, R. Butté, G. Christmann, D. D. Solnyshkov, G. Malpuech, G. B. von Högersthal, E. Feltin, J.-F. Carlin, and N. Grandjean, “Spontaneous polarization buildup in a room-temperature polariton laser,” Phys. Rev. Lett.101(13), 136409 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Levrat, R. Butté, T. Christian, M. Glauser, E. Feltin, J.-F. Carlin, N. Grandjean, and Y. G. Rubo, “Pinning and depinning of the polarization of exciton-polariton condensates at room temperature,” Phys. Rev. Lett.104(16), 166402 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Deng, G. S. Solomon, R. Hey, K. H. Ploog, and Y. Yamamoto, “Spatial coherence of a polariton condensate,” Phys. Rev. Lett.99(12), 126403 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Phys. Status Solidi
- H. Haug and S. Koch, “On the Theory of Laser Action in Dense Exciton System,” Phys. Status Solidi82(2), 531–543 (1977) (b). [CrossRef]
- M. Zamfirescu, A. Kavokin, B. Gil, and G. Malpuech, “ZnO as a material mostly adapted for realization of room-temperature polariton lasers,” Phys. Status Solidi195(3), 563–567 (2003) (a). [CrossRef]
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
- H. Deng, G. Weihs, D. Snoke, J. Bloch, and Y. Yamamoto, “Polariton lasing vs. photon lasing in a semiconductor microcavity,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.100(26), 15318–15323 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Rev. Mod. Phys.
- H. Den, H. Haug, and Y. Yamamoto, “Exciton-polariton Bose-Einstein condensation,” Rev. Mod. Phys.82(2), 1489–1537 (2010). [CrossRef]
Science
- H. Deng, G. Weihs, C. Santori, J. Bloch, and Y. Yamamoto, “Condensation of semiconductor microcavity exciton polaritons,” Science298(5591), 199–202 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Balili, V. Hartwell, D. Snoke, L. Pfeiffer, and K. West, “Bose-Einstein condensation of microcavity polaritons in a trap,” Science316(5827), 1007–1010 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. H. Huang, S. Mao, H. Feick, H. Yan, Y. Wu, H. Kind, E. Weber, R. Russo, and P. Yang, “Room-temperature ultraviolet nanowire nanolasers,” Science292(5523), 1897–1899 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
2011, Kalusniak, Appl. Phys. Lett.
- S. Kalusniak, S. Sadofev, S. Halm, and F. Henneberger, “Vertical cavity surface emitting laser action of an all monolithic ZnO-based microcavity,” Appl. Phys. Lett.98(1), 011101 (2011). [CrossRef]
- H. Den, H. Haug, and Y. Yamamoto, “Exciton-polariton Bose-Einstein condensation,” Rev. Mod. Phys.82(2), 1489–1537 (2010). [CrossRef]
- J. Levrat, R. Butté, T. Christian, M. Glauser, E. Feltin, J.-F. Carlin, N. Grandjean, and Y. G. Rubo, “Pinning and depinning of the polarization of exciton-polariton condensates at room temperature,” Phys. Rev. Lett.104(16), 166402 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Ferrier, S. Pigeon, E. Wertz, M. Bamba, P. Senellart, I. Sagnes, A. Lemaître, C. Ciuti, and J. Bloch, “Polariton parametric oscillation in a single micropillar cavity,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(3), 031105 (2010). [CrossRef]
- J.-R. Chen, T.-C. Lu, Y.-C. Wu, S.-C. Lin, W.-R. Liu, W.-F. Hsieh, C.-C. Kuo, and C.-C. Lee, “Large vacuum Rabi splitting in ZnO-based hybrid microcavities observed at room temperature,” Appl. Phys. Lett.94(6), 061103 (2009). [CrossRef]
- R. Butté, J. Levrat, G. Christmann, E. Feltin, J.-F. Carlin, and N. Grandjean, “Phase diagram of a polariton laser from cryogenic to room temperature,” Phys. Rev. B80(23), 233301 (2009). [CrossRef]
- J. Dai, C. X. Xu, K. Zheng, C. G. Lv, and Y. P. Cui, “Whispering gallery-mode lasing in ZnO microrods at room temperature,” Appl. Phys. Lett.95(24), 241110 (2009). [CrossRef]
- D. M. Whittaker and P. R. Eastham, “Coherence properties of the microcavity polariton condensate,” Europhys. Lett.87(2), 27002 (2009). [CrossRef]
- A. P. D. Love, D. N. Krizhanovskii, D. M. Whittaker, R. Bouchekioua, D. Sanvitto, S. A. Rizeiqi, R. Bradley, M. S. Skolnick, P. R. Eastham, R. André, and S. Dang, “Intrinsic decoherence mechanisms in the microcavity polariton condensate,” Phys. Rev. Lett.101(6), 067404 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. M. Markushev, V. V. Ursaki, M. V. Ryzhkov, C. M. Briskina, I. M. Tiginyanu, E. V. Rusu, and A. A. Zakhidov, “ZnO lasing in complex systems with tetrapods,” Appl. Phys. B93(1), 231–238 (2008). [CrossRef]
- S. Faure, T. Guillet, P. Lefebvre, T. Bretagnon, and B. Gil, “Comparison of strong coupling regimes in bulk GaAs, GaN, and ZnO semiconductor microcavities,” Phys. Rev. B78(23), 235323 (2008). [CrossRef]
- G. Christmann, R. Butté, E. Feltin, J.-F. Carlin, and N. Grandjean, “Room temperature polariton lasing in a GaN/AlGaN multiple quantum well microcavity,” Appl. Phys. Lett.93(5), 051102 (2008). [CrossRef]
- J. J. Baumberg, A. V. Kavokin, S. Christopoulos, A. J. D. Grundy, R. Butté, G. Christmann, D. D. Solnyshkov, G. Malpuech, G. B. von Högersthal, E. Feltin, J.-F. Carlin, and N. Grandjean, “Spontaneous polarization buildup in a room-temperature polariton laser,” Phys. Rev. Lett.101(13), 136409 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Utsunomiya, L. Tian, G. Roumpos, C. W. Lai, N. Kumada, T. Fujisawa, M. Kuwata-Gonokami, A. Löffler, S. Höfling, A. Forchel, and Y. Yamamoto, “Observation of Bogoliubov excitations in exciton-polariton condensates,” Nat. Phys.4(9), 700–705 (2008). [CrossRef]
- R. Balili, V. Hartwell, D. Snoke, L. Pfeiffer, and K. West, “Bose-Einstein condensation of microcavity polaritons in a trap,” Science316(5827), 1007–1010 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Christopoulos, G. B. von Högersthal, A. J. D. Grundy, P. G. Lagoudakis, A. V. Kavokin, J. J. Baumberg, G. Christmann, R. Butté, E. Feltin, J.-F. Carlin, and N. Grandjean, “Room-temperature polariton lasing in semiconductor microcavities,” Phys. Rev. Lett.98(12), 126405 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Klingshirn, R. Hauschild, J. Fallert, and H. Kalt, “Room-temperature stimulated emission of ZnO: Alternatives to excitonic lasing,” Phys. Rev. B75(11), 115203 (2007). [CrossRef]
- H. Deng, G. S. Solomon, R. Hey, K. H. Ploog, and Y. Yamamoto, “Spatial coherence of a polariton condensate,” Phys. Rev. Lett.99(12), 126403 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. W. Lai, N. Y. Kim, S. Utsunomiya, G. Roumpos, H. Deng, M. D. Fraser, T. Byrnes, P. Recher, N. Kumada, T. Fujisawa, and Y. Yamamoto, “Coherent zero-state and π-state in an exciton-polariton condensate array,” Nature450(7169), 529–532 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Diederichs, J. Tignon, G. Dasbach, C. Ciuti, A. Lemaître, J. Bloch, Ph. Roussignol, and C. Delalande, “Parametric oscillation in vertical triple microcavities,” Nature440(7086), 904–907 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Kasprzak, M. Richard, S. Kundermann, A. Baas, P. Jeambrun, J. M. J. Keeling, F. M. Marchetti, M. H. Szymańska, R. André, J. L. Staehli, V. Savona, P. B. Littlewood, B. Deveaud, and S. Dang, “Bose-Einstein condensation of exciton polaritons,” Nature443(7110), 409–414 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. R. Sellers, F. Semond, M. Leroux, J. Massies, M. Zamfirescu, F. Stokker-Cheregi, M. Gurioli, A. Vinattieri, M. Colocci, A. Tahraoui, and A. A. Khalifa, “Polariton emission and reflectivity in GaN microcavities as a function of angle and temperature,” Phys. Rev. B74(19), 193308 (2006). [CrossRef]
- P. G. Lagoudakis, M. D. Martin, J. J. Baumberg, G. Malpuech, and A. Kavokin, “Coexistence of low threshold lasing and strong coupling in microcavities,” J. Appl. Phys.95(5), 2487 (2004). [CrossRef]
- M. Zamfirescu, A. Kavokin, B. Gil, and G. Malpuech, “ZnO as a material mostly adapted for realization of room-temperature polariton lasers,” Phys. Status Solidi195(3), 563–567 (2003) (a). [CrossRef]
- H. Deng, G. Weihs, D. Snoke, J. Bloch, and Y. Yamamoto, “Polariton lasing vs. photon lasing in a semiconductor microcavity,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.100(26), 15318–15323 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Deng, G. Weihs, C. Santori, J. Bloch, and Y. Yamamoto, “Condensation of semiconductor microcavity exciton polaritons,” Science298(5591), 199–202 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Zamfirescu, A. Kavokin, B. Gil, G. Malpuech, and M. Kaliteevski, “ZnO as a material mostly adapted for the realization of room-temperature polariton lasers,” Phys. Rev. B65(16), 161205 (2002). [CrossRef]
- M. H. Huang, S. Mao, H. Feick, H. Yan, Y. Wu, H. Kind, E. Weber, R. Russo, and P. Yang, “Room-temperature ultraviolet nanowire nanolasers,” Science292(5523), 1897–1899 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. I. Tartakovskii, M. Emam-Ismail, R. M. Stevenson, M. S. Skolnick, V. N. Astratov, D. M. Whittaker, J. J. Baumberg, and J. S. Roberts, “Relaxation bottleneck and its suppression in semiconductor microcavities,” Phys. Rev. B62(4), R2283–R2286 (2000). [CrossRef]
- J. J. Baumberg, P. G. Savvidis, R. M. Stevenson, A. I. Tartakovskii, M. S. Skolnick, D. M. Whittaker, and J. S. Roberts, “Parametric oscillation in a vertical microcavity: A polariton condensate or micro-optical parametric oscillation,” Phys. Rev. B62(24), R16247–R16250 (2000). [CrossRef]
- F. Tassone, C. Piermarocchi, V. Savona, A. Quattropani, and P. Schwendimann, “Bottleneck effects in the relaxation and photoluminescence of microcavity polaritons,” Phys. Rev. B56(12), 7554–7563 (1997). [CrossRef]
- K. Davis, M. Mewes, M. Andrews, N. van Druten, D. Durfee, D. Kurn, and W. Ketterle, “Bose-Einstein condensation in a gas of sodium atoms,” Phys. Rev. Lett.75(22), 3969–3973 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Weisbuch, M. Nishioka, A. Ishikawa, and Y. Arakawa, “Observation of the coupled exciton-photon mode splitting in a semiconductor quantum microcavity,” Phys. Rev. Lett.69(23), 3314–3317 (1992). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. H. Henry, “Theory of the Linewidth of Semiconductor Lasers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron.18(2), 259–264 (1982). [CrossRef]
- H. Haug and S. Koch, “On the Theory of Laser Action in Dense Exciton System,” Phys. Status Solidi82(2), 531–543 (1977) (b). [CrossRef]
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