Error-free transmission of microring-modulated BPSK

doi:10.1364/OE.20.008681

Error-free transmission of microring-modulated BPSK

Kishore Padmaraju, Noam Ophir, Qianfan Xu, Bradley Schmidt, Jagat Shakya, Sasikanth Manipatruni, Michal Lipson, and Keren Bergman »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 8, pp. 8681-8688 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.008681

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Abstract

We demonstrate the generation of error-free binary-phase-shift-keyed (BPSK) data at 5 Gb/s using a silicon microring modulator. The microring-modulated BPSK signal is propagated at fiber lengths up to 80 km, maintaining error-free performance, while demonstrating resilience to chromatic dispersion. Bit-error-rate measurements and eye diagrams show near equivalent performance of a microring-based BPSK modulator as compared to commercial LiNbO₃ phase modulators.

OCIS Codes
(060.5060) Fiber optics and optical communications : Phase modulation
(230.3120) Optical devices : Integrated optics devices

ToC Category:
Integrated Optics

History
Original Manuscript: February 7, 2012
Revised Manuscript: March 22, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: March 24, 2012
Published: March 29, 2012

Citation
Kishore Padmaraju, Noam Ophir, Qianfan Xu, Bradley Schmidt, Jagat Shakya, Sasikanth Manipatruni, Michal Lipson, and Keren Bergman, "Error-free transmission of microring-modulated BPSK," Opt. Express 20, 8681-8688 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-20-8-8681

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References

P. E. Green, “Fiber to the home: the next big broadband thing,” IEEE Commun. Mag.42(9), 100–106 (2004). [CrossRef]
D. P. Shea and J. E. Mitchell, “Long-reach optical access technologies,” IEEE Netw.21(5), 5–11 (2007). [CrossRef]
B. E. Little, J. S. Foresi, G. Steinmeyer, E. R. Thoen, S. T. Chu, H. A. Haus, E. P. Ippen, L. C. Kimerling, and W. Greene, “Ultra-compact Si/SiO2 microring resonator optical channel dropping filters,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.10(4), 549–551 (1998). [CrossRef]
A. Liu, R. Jones, L. Liao, D. Samara-Rubio, D. Rubin, O. Cohen, R. Nicolaescu, and M. Paniccia, “A high-speed silicon optical modulator based on a metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor,” Nature427(6975), 615–618 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Q. Xu, B. Schmidt, S. Pradhan, and M. Lipson, “Micrometre-scale silicon electro-optic modulator,” Nature435(7040), 325–327 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
H. L. R. Lira, S. Manipatruni, and M. Lipson, “Broadband hitless silicon electro-optic switch for on-chip optical networks,” Opt. Express17(25), 22271–22280 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Van Campenhout, W. M. J. Green, S. Assefa, and Y. A. Vlasov, “Low-power, 2 x 2 silicon electro-optic switch with 110-nm bandwidth for broadband reconfigurable optical networks,” Opt. Express17(26), 24020–24029 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
F. Xia, L. Sekaric, and Y. A. Vlasov, “Ultra-compact optical buffers on a silicon chip,” Nat. Photonics1(1), 65–71 (2007). [CrossRef]
S. Assefa, F. Xia, W. M. J. Green, C. L. Schow, A. V. Rylyakov, and Y. A. Vlasov, “CMOS-integrated optical receivers for on-chip interconnects,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.16(5), 1376–1392 (2010). [CrossRef]
M. W. Geis, S. J. Spector, M. E. Grein, J. U. Yoon, D. M. Lennon, and T. M. Lyszczarz, “Silicon waveguide infrared photodiodes with >35 GHz bandwidth and phototransistors with 50 AW-1 response,” Opt. Express17(7), 5193–5204 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
A. H. Gnauck and P. J. Winzer, “Optical phase-shift-keyed transmission,” J. Lightwave Technol.23(1), 115–130 (2005). [CrossRef]
S. Manipatruni, Q. Xu, B. Schmidt, J. Shakya, and M. Lipson, “High speed carrier injection 18 Gb/s silicon micro-ring electro-optic modulator,” Proc. LEOS Annual Meeting (IEEE, 2007), paper WO2.
A. Biberman, S. Manipatruni, N. Ophir, L. Chen, M. Lipson, and K. Bergman, “First demonstration of long-haul transmission using silicon microring modulators,” Opt. Express18(15), 15544–15552 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
L. Zhang, J.-Y. Yang, M. Song, Y. Li, B. Zhang, R. G. Beausoleil, and A. E. Willner, “Microring-based modulation and demodulation of DPSK signal,” Opt. Express15(18), 11564–11569 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
K. Padmaraju, N. Ophir, S. Manipatruni, C. B. Poitras, M. Lipson, and K. Bergman, “DPSK modulation using a microring modulator,” Proc. Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (Optical Society of America, 2011), paper CTuN4.
A. Yariv, “Universal relations for coupling of optical power between microresonators and dielectric waveguides,” Electron. Lett.36(4), 321–322 (2000). [CrossRef]
L. Zhang, Y. Li, M. Song, R. G. Beausoleil, and A. E. Willner, “Data quality dependencies in microring-based DPSK transmitter and receiver,” Opt. Express16(8), 5739–5745 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
K. Padmaraju, N. Ophir, Q. Xu, B. Schmidt, J. Shakya, S. Manipatruni, M. Lipson, and K. Bergman, “Error-free transmission of DPSK at 5 Gb/s using a silicon microring modulator.” Proc. European Conference on Optical Communications (Optical Society of America, 2011), paper Th.12.LeSaleve.2.
Q. Xu, S. Manipatruni, B. Schmidt, J. Shakya, and M. Lipson, “12.5 Gbit/s carrier-injection-based silicon micro-ring silicon modulators,” Opt. Express15(2), 430–436 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
W. Atia and R. S. Bondurant, “Demonstration of return-to-zero signaling in both OOK and DPSK formats to improve receiver sensitivity in an optically preamplified receiver,” Proc. LEOS Annual Meeting (IEEE, 1999), paper TuM3.
S. Manipatruni, K. Preston, L. Chen, and M. Lipson, “Ultra-low voltage, ultra-small mode volume silicon microring modulator,” Opt. Express18(17), 18235–18242 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Q. Xu, B. Schmidt, J. Shakya, and M. Lipson, “Cascaded silicon micro-ring modulators for WDM optical interconnection,” Opt. Express14(20), 9431–9435 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
K. Iwatsuki and J.-I. Kani, “Application and technical issues of wavelength-division multiplexing passive optical networks with colorless optical network units,” J. Opt. Netw.1(4), C17–C24 (2009). [CrossRef]
P. Dong, C. Xie, L. Chen, N. K. Fontaine, and Y.- Chen, “Experimental demonstration of microring quadrature phase-shift keying modulators,” Opt. Lett.37(7), 1178–1180 (2012). [CrossRef]
M. R. Watts, D. C. Trotter, R. W. Young, and A. L. Lentine, “Ultralow power silicon microdisk modulators and switches.” Proc. 5th IEEE International Conference on Group IV Photonics (IEEE, 2008), pp. 4–6.
K. Preston, S. Manipatruni, A. Gondarenko, C. B. Poitras, and M. Lipson, “Deposited silicon high-speed integrated electro-optic modulator,” Opt. Express17(7), 5118–5124 (2009). [PubMed]
L. Liu, J. Van Campenhout, G. Roelkens, R. A. Soref, D. Van Thourhout, P. Rojo-Romeo, P. Regreny, C. Seassal, J. M. Fédéli, and R. Baets, “Carrier-injection-based electro-optic modulator on silicon-on-insulator with a heterogeneously integrated III-V microdisk cavity,” Opt. Lett.33(21), 2518–2520 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
A. Guarino, G. Poberaj, D. Rezzonico, R. Degl’Innocenti, and P. Günter, “Electro–optically tunable microring resonators in lithium niobate,” Nat. Photonics1(7), 407–410 (2007). [CrossRef]
P. Rabiei, W. H. Steier, Cheng Zhang, and L. R. Dalton, “Polymer micro-ring filters and modulators,” J. Lightwave Technol.20(11), 1968–1975 (2002). [CrossRef]

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[1] P. E. Green, “Fiber to the home: the next big broadband thing,” IEEE Commun. Mag.42(9), 100–106 (2004). [CrossRef]

[2] D. P. Shea and J. E. Mitchell, “Long-reach optical access technologies,” IEEE Netw.21(5), 5–11 (2007). [CrossRef]

[3] B. E. Little, J. S. Foresi, G. Steinmeyer, E. R. Thoen, S. T. Chu, H. A. Haus, E. P. Ippen, L. C. Kimerling, and W. Greene, “Ultra-compact Si/SiO2 microring resonator optical channel dropping filters,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.10(4), 549–551 (1998). [CrossRef]

[4] A. Liu, R. Jones, L. Liao, D. Samara-Rubio, D. Rubin, O. Cohen, R. Nicolaescu, and M. Paniccia, “A high-speed silicon optical modulator based on a metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor,” Nature427(6975), 615–618 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[5] Q. Xu, B. Schmidt, S. Pradhan, and M. Lipson, “Micrometre-scale silicon electro-optic modulator,” Nature435(7040), 325–327 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[6] H. L. R. Lira, S. Manipatruni, and M. Lipson, “Broadband hitless silicon electro-optic switch for on-chip optical networks,” Opt. Express17(25), 22271–22280 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[7] J. Van Campenhout, W. M. J. Green, S. Assefa, and Y. A. Vlasov, “Low-power, 2 x 2 silicon electro-optic switch with 110-nm bandwidth for broadband reconfigurable optical networks,” Opt. Express17(26), 24020–24029 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[8] F. Xia, L. Sekaric, and Y. A. Vlasov, “Ultra-compact optical buffers on a silicon chip,” Nat. Photonics1(1), 65–71 (2007). [CrossRef]

[9] S. Assefa, F. Xia, W. M. J. Green, C. L. Schow, A. V. Rylyakov, and Y. A. Vlasov, “CMOS-integrated optical receivers for on-chip interconnects,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.16(5), 1376–1392 (2010). [CrossRef]

[10] M. W. Geis, S. J. Spector, M. E. Grein, J. U. Yoon, D. M. Lennon, and T. M. Lyszczarz, “Silicon waveguide infrared photodiodes with >35 GHz bandwidth and phototransistors with 50 AW-1 response,” Opt. Express17(7), 5193–5204 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[11] A. H. Gnauck and P. J. Winzer, “Optical phase-shift-keyed transmission,” J. Lightwave Technol.23(1), 115–130 (2005). [CrossRef]

[12] S. Manipatruni, Q. Xu, B. Schmidt, J. Shakya, and M. Lipson, “High speed carrier injection 18 Gb/s silicon micro-ring electro-optic modulator,” Proc. LEOS Annual Meeting (IEEE, 2007), paper WO2.

[13] A. Biberman, S. Manipatruni, N. Ophir, L. Chen, M. Lipson, and K. Bergman, “First demonstration of long-haul transmission using silicon microring modulators,” Opt. Express18(15), 15544–15552 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[14] L. Zhang, J.-Y. Yang, M. Song, Y. Li, B. Zhang, R. G. Beausoleil, and A. E. Willner, “Microring-based modulation and demodulation of DPSK signal,” Opt. Express15(18), 11564–11569 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[15] K. Padmaraju, N. Ophir, S. Manipatruni, C. B. Poitras, M. Lipson, and K. Bergman, “DPSK modulation using a microring modulator,” Proc. Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (Optical Society of America, 2011), paper CTuN4.

[16] A. Yariv, “Universal relations for coupling of optical power between microresonators and dielectric waveguides,” Electron. Lett.36(4), 321–322 (2000). [CrossRef]

[17] L. Zhang, Y. Li, M. Song, R. G. Beausoleil, and A. E. Willner, “Data quality dependencies in microring-based DPSK transmitter and receiver,” Opt. Express16(8), 5739–5745 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[18] K. Padmaraju, N. Ophir, Q. Xu, B. Schmidt, J. Shakya, S. Manipatruni, M. Lipson, and K. Bergman, “Error-free transmission of DPSK at 5 Gb/s using a silicon microring modulator.” Proc. European Conference on Optical Communications (Optical Society of America, 2011), paper Th.12.LeSaleve.2.

[19] Q. Xu, S. Manipatruni, B. Schmidt, J. Shakya, and M. Lipson, “12.5 Gbit/s carrier-injection-based silicon micro-ring silicon modulators,” Opt. Express15(2), 430–436 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[20] W. Atia and R. S. Bondurant, “Demonstration of return-to-zero signaling in both OOK and DPSK formats to improve receiver sensitivity in an optically preamplified receiver,” Proc. LEOS Annual Meeting (IEEE, 1999), paper TuM3.

[21] S. Manipatruni, K. Preston, L. Chen, and M. Lipson, “Ultra-low voltage, ultra-small mode volume silicon microring modulator,” Opt. Express18(17), 18235–18242 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[22] Q. Xu, B. Schmidt, J. Shakya, and M. Lipson, “Cascaded silicon micro-ring modulators for WDM optical interconnection,” Opt. Express14(20), 9431–9435 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[23] K. Iwatsuki and J.-I. Kani, “Application and technical issues of wavelength-division multiplexing passive optical networks with colorless optical network units,” J. Opt. Netw.1(4), C17–C24 (2009). [CrossRef]

[24] P. Dong, C. Xie, L. Chen, N. K. Fontaine, and Y.- Chen, “Experimental demonstration of microring quadrature phase-shift keying modulators,” Opt. Lett.37(7), 1178–1180 (2012). [CrossRef]

[25] M. R. Watts, D. C. Trotter, R. W. Young, and A. L. Lentine, “Ultralow power silicon microdisk modulators and switches.” Proc. 5th IEEE International Conference on Group IV Photonics (IEEE, 2008), pp. 4–6.

[26] K. Preston, S. Manipatruni, A. Gondarenko, C. B. Poitras, and M. Lipson, “Deposited silicon high-speed integrated electro-optic modulator,” Opt. Express17(7), 5118–5124 (2009). [PubMed]

[27] L. Liu, J. Van Campenhout, G. Roelkens, R. A. Soref, D. Van Thourhout, P. Rojo-Romeo, P. Regreny, C. Seassal, J. M. Fédéli, and R. Baets, “Carrier-injection-based electro-optic modulator on silicon-on-insulator with a heterogeneously integrated III-V microdisk cavity,” Opt. Lett.33(21), 2518–2520 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[28] A. Guarino, G. Poberaj, D. Rezzonico, R. Degl’Innocenti, and P. Günter, “Electro–optically tunable microring resonators in lithium niobate,” Nat. Photonics1(7), 407–410 (2007). [CrossRef]

[29] P. Rabiei, W. H. Steier, Cheng Zhang, and L. R. Dalton, “Polymer micro-ring filters and modulators,” J. Lightwave Technol.20(11), 1968–1975 (2002). [CrossRef]

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Error-free transmission of microring-modulated BPSK