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Self-referenceable frequency comb from an ultrafast thin disk laserClara J. Saraceno, Selina Pekarek, Oliver H. Heckl, Cyrill R. E. Baer, Cinia Schriber, Matthias Golling, Kolja Beil, Christian Kränkel, Günter Huber, Ursula Keller, and Thomas Südmeyer »View Author Affiliations
Clara J. Saraceno,1,*
Selina Pekarek,1
Oliver H. Heckl,1
Cyrill R. E. Baer,1
Cinia Schriber,1
Matthias Golling,1
Kolja Beil,2
Christian Kränkel,1,2
Günter Huber,2
Ursula Keller,1
and Thomas Südmeyer1,3
1Department of Physics, Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland 2Institute of Laser-Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany 3Department of Physics, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland *Corresponding author: saraceno@phys.ethz.ch |
Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 9, pp. 9650-9656 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.009650
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Abstract
We present the first measurement of the carrier envelope offset (CEO) frequency of an ultrafast thin disk laser (TDL). The TDL used for this proof-of-principle experiment was based on the gain material Yb:Lu2O3 and delivered 7 W of average power in 142-fs pulses, which is more than two times shorter than previously realized with this material. Using only 65 mW of the output of the laser, we generated a coherent octave-spanning supercontinuum (SC) in a highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber (PCF). We detected the CEO beat signal using a standard f-to-2f interferometer, achieving a signal-to-noise ratio of >25 dB (3 kHz resolution bandwidth). The CEO frequency was tunable with the pump current with a slope of 33 kHz/mA. This result opens the door towards high-power frequency combs from unamplified oscillators. Furthermore, it confirms the suitability of these sources for future intralaser extreme nonlinear optics experiments such as high harmonic generation and VUV frequency comb generation from compact sources.
© 2012 OSA
OCIS Codes
(140.3580) Lasers and laser optics : Lasers, solid-state
(140.4050) Lasers and laser optics : Mode-locked lasers
(320.7090) Ultrafast optics : Ultrafast lasers
(320.6629) Ultrafast optics : Supercontinuum generation
ToC Category:
Ultrafast Optics
History
Original Manuscript: February 21, 2012
Revised Manuscript: April 10, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: April 10, 2012
Published: April 12, 2012
Citation
Clara J. Saraceno, Selina Pekarek, Oliver H. Heckl, Cyrill R. E. Baer, Cinia Schriber, Matthias Golling, Kolja Beil, Christian Kränkel, Günter Huber, Ursula Keller, and Thomas Südmeyer, "Self-referenceable frequency comb from an ultrafast thin disk laser," Opt. Express 20, 9650-9656 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-20-9-9650
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Innerhofer, E.
Jara, H.
Jentschura, U. D.
Johann, U.
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Jung, I. D.
Kärtner, F. X.
Kaster, J.
Keller, U.
Kley, E.-B.
Kling, M. F.
Knunz, S.
Kolachevsky, N.
Kopf, D.
Kottmann, F.
Kränkel, C.
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Kundermann, S.
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McIntyre, I. A.
McPherson, A.
Moll, K. D.
Monro, T. M.
Morier-Genoud, F.
Moser, M.
Newbury, N. R.
Ozawa, A.
Paschotta, R.
Pekarek, S.
Pervak, V.
Petermann, K.
Peters, R.
Pupeza, I.
Rauschenberger, J.
Rellergert, W. G.
Rhodes, C. K.
Richardson, D. J.
Ruehl, A.
Saathoff, G.
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Schibli, T. R.
Schriber, C.
Schuessler, H. A.
Schussler, H. A.
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Smirnov, V. I.
Speiser, J.
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Stenger, J.
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Sutter, D. H.
Swann, W. C.
Telle, H. R.
Thorpe, M. J.
Torgerson, J. R.
Udem, T.
Venus, G. B.
Walker, D. R.
Washburn, B. R.
Weingarten, K. J.
Witzel, B.
Yang, Y.-Y.
Ye, J.
Yost, D. C.
Zhao, Z.-S.
Zherebtsov, S.
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- A. Cingöz, D. C. Yost, T. K. Allison, A. Ruehl, M. E. Fermann, I. Hartl, and J. Ye, “Direct frequency comb spectroscopy in the extreme ultraviolet,” Nature482(7383), 68–71 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. C. Yost, A. Cingöz, T. K. Allison, A. Ruehl, M. E. Fermann, I. Hartl, and J. Ye, “Power optimization of XUV frequency combs for spectroscopy applications [Invited],” Opt. Express19(23), 23483–23493 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. K. Allison, A. Cingöz, D. C. Yost, and J. Ye, “Extreme nonlinear optics in a femtosecond enhancement cavity,” Phys. Rev. Lett.107(18), 183903 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. M. Dudley, G. Genty, and S. Coen, “Supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fiber,” Rev. Mod. Phys.78(4), 1135–1184 (2006). [CrossRef]
- W. G. Rellergert, D. DeMille, R. R. Greco, M. P. Hehlen, J. R. Torgerson, and E. R. Hudson, “Constraining the evolution of the fundamental constants with a solid-state optical frequency reference based on the 229Th nucleus,” Phys. Rev. Lett.104(20), 200802 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y.-Y. Yang, F. Süßmann, S. Zherebtsov, I. Pupeza, J. Kaster, D. Lehr, H.-J. Fuchs, E.-B. Kley, E. Fill, X.-M. Duan, Z.-S. Zhao, F. Krausz, S. L. Stebbings, and M. F. Kling, “Optimization and characterization of a highly-efficient diffraction nanograting for MHz XUV pulses,” Opt. Express19(3), 1954–1962 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Pekarek, T. Südmeyer, S. Lecomte, S. Kundermann, J. M. Dudley, and U. Keller, “Self-referenceable frequency comb from a gigahertz diode-pumped solid-state laser,” Opt. Express19(17), 16491–16497 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. M. Dudley, G. Genty, and S. Coen, “Supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fiber,” Rev. Mod. Phys.78(4), 1135–1184 (2006). [CrossRef]
- H. R. Telle, G. Steinmeyer, A. E. Dunlop, J. Stenger, D. H. Sutter, and U. Keller, “Carrier-envelope offset phase control: A novel concept for absolute optical frequency measurement and ultrashort pulse generation,” Appl. Phys. B69(4), 327–332 (1999). [CrossRef]
- A. Cingöz, D. C. Yost, T. K. Allison, A. Ruehl, M. E. Fermann, I. Hartl, and J. Ye, “Direct frequency comb spectroscopy in the extreme ultraviolet,” Nature482(7383), 68–71 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- H. R. Telle, G. Steinmeyer, A. E. Dunlop, J. Stenger, D. H. Sutter, and U. Keller, “Carrier-envelope offset phase control: A novel concept for absolute optical frequency measurement and ultrashort pulse generation,” Appl. Phys. B69(4), 327–332 (1999). [CrossRef]
- J. J. McFerran, W. C. Swann, B. R. Washburn, and N. R. Newbury, “Suppression of pump-induced frequency noise in fiber-laser frequency combs leading to sub-radian f (ceo) phase excursions,” Appl. Phys. B86(2), 219–227 (2007). [CrossRef]
- H. R. Telle, G. Steinmeyer, A. E. Dunlop, J. Stenger, D. H. Sutter, and U. Keller, “Carrier-envelope offset phase control: A novel concept for absolute optical frequency measurement and ultrashort pulse generation,” Appl. Phys. B69(4), 327–332 (1999). [CrossRef]
- R. J. Jones, K. D. Moll, M. J. Thorpe, and J. Ye, “Phase-coherent frequency combs in the vacuum ultraviolet via high-harmonic generation inside a femtosecond enhancement cavity,” Phys. Rev. Lett.94(19), 193201 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. G. Rellergert, D. DeMille, R. R. Greco, M. P. Hehlen, J. R. Torgerson, and E. R. Hudson, “Constraining the evolution of the fundamental constants with a solid-state optical frequency reference based on the 229Th nucleus,” Phys. Rev. Lett.104(20), 200802 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Herrmann, M. Haas, U. D. Jentschura, F. Kottmann, D. Leibfried, G. Saathoff, C. Gohle, A. Ozawa, V. Batteiger, S. Knunz, N. Kolachevsky, H. A. Schussler, T. W. Hansch, and T. Udem, “Feasibility of coherent xuv spectroscopy on the 1S-2S transition in singly ionized helium,” Phys. Rev. A79(5), 052505 (2009). [CrossRef]
- A. Ozawa, J. Rauschenberger, Ch. Gohle, M. Herrmann, D. R. Walker, V. Pervak, A. Fernandez, R. Graf, A. Apolonski, R. Holzwarth, F. Krausz, T. W. Hänsch, and T. Udem, “High harmonic frequency combs for high resolution spectroscopy,” Phys. Rev. Lett.100(25), 253901 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Gohle, T. Udem, M. Herrmann, J. Rauschenberger, R. Holzwarth, H. A. Schuessler, F. Krausz, and T. W. Hänsch, “A frequency comb in the extreme ultraviolet,” Nature436(7048), 234–237 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. B. Venus, A. Sevian, V. I. Smirnov, and L. B. Glebov, “High-brightness narrow-line laser diode source with volume Bragg-grating feedback,” Proc. SPIE5711, 166–176 (2005).
- A. Ozawa, J. Rauschenberger, Ch. Gohle, M. Herrmann, D. R. Walker, V. Pervak, A. Fernandez, R. Graf, A. Apolonski, R. Holzwarth, F. Krausz, T. W. Hänsch, and T. Udem, “High harmonic frequency combs for high resolution spectroscopy,” Phys. Rev. Lett.100(25), 253901 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. J. McFerran, W. C. Swann, B. R. Washburn, and N. R. Newbury, “Suppression of pump-induced frequency noise in fiber-laser frequency combs leading to sub-radian f (ceo) phase excursions,” Appl. Phys. B86(2), 219–227 (2007). [CrossRef]
- U. Keller, K. J. Weingarten, F. X. Kärtner, D. Kopf, B. Braun, I. D. Jung, R. Fluck, C. Hönninger, N. Matuschek, and J. Aus der Au, “Semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAMs) for femtosecond to nanosecond pulse generation in solid-state lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.2(3), 435–453 (1996). [CrossRef]
- T. Südmeyer, S. V. Marchese, S. Hashimoto, C. R. E. Baer, G. Gingras, B. Witzel, and U. Keller, “Femtosecond laser oscillators for high-field science,” Nat. Photonics2(10), 599–604 (2008). [CrossRef]
- Y.-Y. Yang, F. Süßmann, S. Zherebtsov, I. Pupeza, J. Kaster, D. Lehr, H.-J. Fuchs, E.-B. Kley, E. Fill, X.-M. Duan, Z.-S. Zhao, F. Krausz, S. L. Stebbings, and M. F. Kling, “Optimization and characterization of a highly-efficient diffraction nanograting for MHz XUV pulses,” Opt. Express19(3), 1954–1962 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Cingöz, D. C. Yost, T. K. Allison, A. Ruehl, M. E. Fermann, I. Hartl, and J. Ye, “Direct frequency comb spectroscopy in the extreme ultraviolet,” Nature482(7383), 68–71 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. C. Yost, A. Cingöz, T. K. Allison, A. Ruehl, M. E. Fermann, I. Hartl, and J. Ye, “Power optimization of XUV frequency combs for spectroscopy applications [Invited],” Opt. Express19(23), 23483–23493 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. K. Allison, A. Cingöz, D. C. Yost, and J. Ye, “Extreme nonlinear optics in a femtosecond enhancement cavity,” Phys. Rev. Lett.107(18), 183903 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. C. Yost, T. R. Schibli, and J. Ye, “Efficient output coupling of intracavity high-harmonic generation,” Opt. Lett.33(10), 1099–1101 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. Hartl, T. R. Schibli, A. Marcinkevicius, D. C. Yost, D. D. Hudson, M. E. Fermann, and J. Ye, “Cavity-enhanced similariton Yb-fiber laser frequency comb: 3×1014 W/cm2 peak intensity at 136 MHz,” Opt. Lett.32(19), 2870–2872 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. D. Moll, R. J. Jones, and J. Ye, “Output coupling methods for cavity-based high-harmonic generation,” Opt. Express14(18), 8189–8197 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. J. Jones, K. D. Moll, M. J. Thorpe, and J. Ye, “Phase-coherent frequency combs in the vacuum ultraviolet via high-harmonic generation inside a femtosecond enhancement cavity,” Phys. Rev. Lett.94(19), 193201 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Cingöz, D. C. Yost, T. K. Allison, A. Ruehl, M. E. Fermann, I. Hartl, and J. Ye, “Direct frequency comb spectroscopy in the extreme ultraviolet,” Nature482(7383), 68–71 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. C. Yost, A. Cingöz, T. K. Allison, A. Ruehl, M. E. Fermann, I. Hartl, and J. Ye, “Power optimization of XUV frequency combs for spectroscopy applications [Invited],” Opt. Express19(23), 23483–23493 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. K. Allison, A. Cingöz, D. C. Yost, and J. Ye, “Extreme nonlinear optics in a femtosecond enhancement cavity,” Phys. Rev. Lett.107(18), 183903 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. C. Yost, T. R. Schibli, and J. Ye, “Efficient output coupling of intracavity high-harmonic generation,” Opt. Lett.33(10), 1099–1101 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. Hartl, T. R. Schibli, A. Marcinkevicius, D. C. Yost, D. D. Hudson, M. E. Fermann, and J. Ye, “Cavity-enhanced similariton Yb-fiber laser frequency comb: 3×1014 W/cm2 peak intensity at 136 MHz,” Opt. Lett.32(19), 2870–2872 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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Appl. Phys. B
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- J. J. McFerran, W. C. Swann, B. R. Washburn, and N. R. Newbury, “Suppression of pump-induced frequency noise in fiber-laser frequency combs leading to sub-radian f (ceo) phase excursions,” Appl. Phys. B86(2), 219–227 (2007). [CrossRef]
- H. R. Telle, G. Steinmeyer, A. E. Dunlop, J. Stenger, D. H. Sutter, and U. Keller, “Carrier-envelope offset phase control: A novel concept for absolute optical frequency measurement and ultrashort pulse generation,” Appl. Phys. B69(4), 327–332 (1999). [CrossRef]
- R. Paschotta and U. Keller, “Passive mode locking with slow saturable absorbers,” Appl. Phys. B73(7), 653–662 (2001). [CrossRef]
IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.
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Nat. Photonics
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Nature
- A. Cingöz, D. C. Yost, T. K. Allison, A. Ruehl, M. E. Fermann, I. Hartl, and J. Ye, “Direct frequency comb spectroscopy in the extreme ultraviolet,” Nature482(7383), 68–71 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Gohle, T. Udem, M. Herrmann, J. Rauschenberger, R. Holzwarth, H. A. Schuessler, F. Krausz, and T. W. Hänsch, “A frequency comb in the extreme ultraviolet,” Nature436(7048), 234–237 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Opt. Express
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Opt. Lett.
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Phys. Rev. A
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Phys. Rev. Lett.
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Proc. SPIE
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Rev. Mod. Phys.
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Other
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2012, Cingöz, Nature
- A. Cingöz, D. C. Yost, T. K. Allison, A. Ruehl, M. E. Fermann, I. Hartl, and J. Ye, “Direct frequency comb spectroscopy in the extreme ultraviolet,” Nature482(7383), 68–71 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. J. Saraceno, O. H. Heckl, C. R. E. Baer, C. Schriber, M. Golling, K. Beil, C. Kränkel, T. Südmeyer, G. Huber, and U. Keller, “Sub-100 femtosecond pulses from a SESAM modelocked thin disk laser,” Appl. Phys. B106(3), 559–562 (2012) (Rapid Communication). [CrossRef]
- C. J. Saraceno, C. Schriber, M. Mangold, M. Hoffmann, O. H. Heckl, C. R. E. Baer, M. Golling, T. Südmeyer, and U. Keller, “SESAMs for high-power oscillators: design guidelines and damage thresholds,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.18(1), 29–41 (2012). [CrossRef]
- T. K. Allison, A. Cingöz, D. C. Yost, and J. Ye, “Extreme nonlinear optics in a femtosecond enhancement cavity,” Phys. Rev. Lett.107(18), 183903 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y.-Y. Yang, F. Süßmann, S. Zherebtsov, I. Pupeza, J. Kaster, D. Lehr, H.-J. Fuchs, E.-B. Kley, E. Fill, X.-M. Duan, Z.-S. Zhao, F. Krausz, S. L. Stebbings, and M. F. Kling, “Optimization and characterization of a highly-efficient diffraction nanograting for MHz XUV pulses,” Opt. Express19(3), 1954–1962 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. G. Rellergert, D. DeMille, R. R. Greco, M. P. Hehlen, J. R. Torgerson, and E. R. Hudson, “Constraining the evolution of the fundamental constants with a solid-state optical frequency reference based on the 229Th nucleus,” Phys. Rev. Lett.104(20), 200802 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Südmeyer, C. Kränkel, C. R. E. Baer, O. H. Heckl, C. J. Saraceno, M. Golling, R. Peters, K. Petermann, G. Huber, and U. Keller, “High-power ultrafast thin disk laser oscillators and their potential for sub-100-femtosecond pulse generation,” Appl. Phys. B97(2), 281–295 (2009). [CrossRef]
- M. Herrmann, M. Haas, U. D. Jentschura, F. Kottmann, D. Leibfried, G. Saathoff, C. Gohle, A. Ozawa, V. Batteiger, S. Knunz, N. Kolachevsky, H. A. Schussler, T. W. Hansch, and T. Udem, “Feasibility of coherent xuv spectroscopy on the 1S-2S transition in singly ionized helium,” Phys. Rev. A79(5), 052505 (2009). [CrossRef]
- T. Südmeyer, S. V. Marchese, S. Hashimoto, C. R. E. Baer, G. Gingras, B. Witzel, and U. Keller, “Femtosecond laser oscillators for high-field science,” Nat. Photonics2(10), 599–604 (2008). [CrossRef]
- A. Ozawa, J. Rauschenberger, Ch. Gohle, M. Herrmann, D. R. Walker, V. Pervak, A. Fernandez, R. Graf, A. Apolonski, R. Holzwarth, F. Krausz, T. W. Hänsch, and T. Udem, “High harmonic frequency combs for high resolution spectroscopy,” Phys. Rev. Lett.100(25), 253901 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. J. McFerran, W. C. Swann, B. R. Washburn, and N. R. Newbury, “Suppression of pump-induced frequency noise in fiber-laser frequency combs leading to sub-radian f (ceo) phase excursions,” Appl. Phys. B86(2), 219–227 (2007). [CrossRef]
- A. Giesen and J. Speiser, “Fifteen years of work on thin-disk lasers: results and scaling laws,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.13(3), 598–609 (2007). [CrossRef]
- J. M. Dudley, G. Genty, and S. Coen, “Supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fiber,” Rev. Mod. Phys.78(4), 1135–1184 (2006). [CrossRef]
- G. B. Venus, A. Sevian, V. I. Smirnov, and L. B. Glebov, “High-brightness narrow-line laser diode source with volume Bragg-grating feedback,” Proc. SPIE5711, 166–176 (2005).
- C. Gohle, T. Udem, M. Herrmann, J. Rauschenberger, R. Holzwarth, H. A. Schuessler, F. Krausz, and T. W. Hänsch, “A frequency comb in the extreme ultraviolet,” Nature436(7048), 234–237 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. J. Jones, K. D. Moll, M. J. Thorpe, and J. Ye, “Phase-coherent frequency combs in the vacuum ultraviolet via high-harmonic generation inside a femtosecond enhancement cavity,” Phys. Rev. Lett.94(19), 193201 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Paschotta and U. Keller, “Passive mode locking with slow saturable absorbers,” Appl. Phys. B73(7), 653–662 (2001). [CrossRef]
- H. R. Telle, G. Steinmeyer, A. E. Dunlop, J. Stenger, D. H. Sutter, and U. Keller, “Carrier-envelope offset phase control: A novel concept for absolute optical frequency measurement and ultrashort pulse generation,” Appl. Phys. B69(4), 327–332 (1999). [CrossRef]
- U. Keller, K. J. Weingarten, F. X. Kärtner, D. Kopf, B. Braun, I. D. Jung, R. Fluck, C. Hönninger, N. Matuschek, and J. Aus der Au, “Semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAMs) for femtosecond to nanosecond pulse generation in solid-state lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.2(3), 435–453 (1996). [CrossRef]
- M. Ferray, A. L'Huillier, X. F. Li, L. A. Lompré, G. Mainfray, and C. Manus, “Multiple-harmonic conversion of 1064 nm radiation in rare gases,” J. Phys. At. Mol. Opt. Phys.21(3), L31–L35 (1988). [CrossRef]
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