We present a method for imaging magnetic domains via x-ray Fourier transform holography at linearly polarized sources. Our approach is based on the separation of holographic mask and sample and on the Faraday rotation induced on the reference wave. We compare images of perpendicular magnetic domains obtained with either linearly or circularly polarized x-rays and discuss the relevance of this method to future experiments at free-electron laser and high-harmonic-generation sources.

© 2012 OSA

1. S. Eisebitt, J. Lüning, W. F. Schlotter, M. Lörgen, O. Hellwig, W. Eberhardt, and J. Stöhr, “Lensless imaging of magnetic nanostructures by X-ray spectro-holography,” Nature432(7019), 885–888 (2004). [PubMed]
2. S. Roy, D. Parks, K. A. Seu, R. Su, J. J. Turner, W. Chao, E. H. Anderson, S. Cabrini, and S. D. Kevan, “Lensless x-ray imaging in reflection geometry,” Nat. Photonics5, 243–245 (2011).
3. C. Tieg, R. Frömter, D. Stickler, S. Hankemeier, A. Kobs, S. Streit-Nierobisch, C. Gutt, G. Grübel, and H. P. Oepen, “Imaging the in-plane magnetization in a Co microstructure by Fourier transform holography,” Opt. Express18(26), 27251–27256 (2010). [PubMed]
4. see, e.g., LCLS proposals L134, L148, L197, L396, L409 of the SXR beamline ( http://www-ssrl.slac.stanford.edu/lcls/users/schedules.html ).
5. B. Vodungbo, A. Barszczak Sardinha, J. Gautier, G. Lambert, C. Valentin, M. Lozano, G. Iaquaniello, F. Delmotte, S. Sebban, J. Lüning, and P. Zeitoun, “Polarization control of high order harmonics in the EUV photon energy range,” Opt. Express19(5), 4346–4356 (2011). [PubMed]
6. B. Pfau, C. M. Günther, R. Könnecke, E. Guehrs, O. Hellwig, W. F. Schlotter, and S. Eisebitt, “Magnetic imaging at linearly polarized x-ray sources,” Opt. Express18(13), 13608–13615 (2010). [PubMed]
7. W. F. Schlotter, J. J. Turner, M. Rowen, P. Heimann, M. Holmes, O. Krupin, M. Messerschmidt, S. Moeller, J. Krzywinski, R. Soufli, M. Fernndez-Perea, N. Kelez, S. Lee, R. Coffee, G. Hays, M. Beye, N. Gerken, F. Sorgenfrei, S. Hau-Riege, L. Juha, J. Chalupsky, V. Hajkova, A. P. Mancuso, A. Singer, O. Yefanov, I. A. Vartanyants, G. Cadenazzi, B. Abbey, K. A. Nugent, H. Sinn, J. Lning, S. Schaffert, S. Eisebitt, W.-S. Lee, A. Scherz, A. R. Nilsson, and W. Wurth, “The soft x-ray instrument for materials studies at the linac coherent light source x-ray free-electron laser,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. (to be published).
8. D. Stickler, R. Frömter, H. Stillrich, C. Menk, C. Tieg, S. Streit-Nierobisch, M. Sprung, C. Gutt, L.-M. Stadler, O. Leupold, G. Grübel, and H. P. Oepen, “Soft x-ray holographic microscopy,” Appl. Phys. Lett.96, 042501 (2010).
9. P. Carra, B. T. Thole, M. Altarelli, and X. Wang, “X-ray circular dichroism and local magnetic fields,” Phys. Rev. Lett.70(5), 694–697 (1993). [PubMed]
10. J. J. Turner, X. Huang, O. Krupin, K. A. Seu, D. Parks, S. Kevan, E. Lima, K. Kisslinger, I. McNulty, R. Gambino, S. Mangin, S. Roy, and P. Fischer, “X-ray diffraction microscopy of magnetic structures,” Phys. Rev. Lett.107(3), 033904 (2011). [PubMed]
11. J. B. Kortright and S.-K. Kim, “Resonant magneto-optical properties of Fe near its 2p levels: measurement and applications,” Phys. Rev. B62, 12216–12228 (2000).
12. E. Guehrs, C. M. Günther, B. Pfau, T. Rander, S. Schaffert, W. F. Schlotter, and S. Eisebitt, “Wavefield back-propagation in high-resolution X-ray holography with a movable field of view,” Opt. Express18(18), 18922–18931 (2010). [PubMed]
13. P. N. Argyres, “The theory of Faraday and Kerr effects in ferromagnetics,” Phys. Rev.97, 334–345 (1955).
14. C. Spezzani, “Diffusion résonante des rayons X polarisés et couplage magnétique dans les multicouches Co/Cu,” Ph.D. Thesis, University of Paris XI, OCLC n.491574486 (2003).
15. A. Scherz, W. F. Schlotter, K. Chen, R. Rick, J. Stöhr, J. Lüning, I. McNulty, C. Günther, F. Radu, W. Eberhardt, O. Hellwig, and S. Eisebitt, “Phase imaging of magnetic nanostructures using resonant soft x-ray holography,” Phys. Rev. B76, 214410 (2007).
16. M. Sacchi, N. Jaouen, H. Popescu, R. Gaudemer, F. Polack, B. Lagarde, G. Cauchon, A. Delmotte, J.-M. Dubuisson, J.-M. Tonnerre, G.-S. Chiuzbaian, and C. F. Hague, “The SEXTANTS beamline at SOLEIL: a new facility for elastic, inelastic and coherent scattering of soft x-rays,” in Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2012), J. Phys. Conf. Ser. (to be published).
17. M. Sacchi, H. Popescu, R. Gaudemer, N. Jaouen, A. Avila, R. Delaunay, U. Maier, and C. Spezzani, “IRMA-2 at SOLEIL: a set-up for magnetic and coherent scattering of polarized soft x-rays,” in Proceedings ofthe 11th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2012), J. Phys. Conf. Ser. (to be published).

Appl. Phys. Lett.

• D. Stickler, R. Frömter, H. Stillrich, C. Menk, C. Tieg, S. Streit-Nierobisch, M. Sprung, C. Gutt, L.-M. Stadler, O. Leupold, G. Grübel, and H. P. Oepen, “Soft x-ray holographic microscopy,” Appl. Phys. Lett.96, 042501 (2010).

J. Phys. Conf. Ser.

• M. Sacchi, N. Jaouen, H. Popescu, R. Gaudemer, F. Polack, B. Lagarde, G. Cauchon, A. Delmotte, J.-M. Dubuisson, J.-M. Tonnerre, G.-S. Chiuzbaian, and C. F. Hague, “The SEXTANTS beamline at SOLEIL: a new facility for elastic, inelastic and coherent scattering of soft x-rays,” in Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2012), J. Phys. Conf. Ser. (to be published).
• M. Sacchi, H. Popescu, R. Gaudemer, N. Jaouen, A. Avila, R. Delaunay, U. Maier, and C. Spezzani, “IRMA-2 at SOLEIL: a set-up for magnetic and coherent scattering of polarized soft x-rays,” in Proceedings ofthe 11th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2012), J. Phys. Conf. Ser. (to be published).

Nat. Photonics

• S. Roy, D. Parks, K. A. Seu, R. Su, J. J. Turner, W. Chao, E. H. Anderson, S. Cabrini, and S. D. Kevan, “Lensless x-ray imaging in reflection geometry,” Nat. Photonics5, 243–245 (2011).

Nature

• S. Eisebitt, J. Lüning, W. F. Schlotter, M. Lörgen, O. Hellwig, W. Eberhardt, and J. Stöhr, “Lensless imaging of magnetic nanostructures by X-ray spectro-holography,” Nature432(7019), 885–888 (2004). [PubMed]

Opt. Express

• C. Tieg, R. Frömter, D. Stickler, S. Hankemeier, A. Kobs, S. Streit-Nierobisch, C. Gutt, G. Grübel, and H. P. Oepen, “Imaging the in-plane magnetization in a Co microstructure by Fourier transform holography,” Opt. Express18(26), 27251–27256 (2010). [PubMed]
• B. Vodungbo, A. Barszczak Sardinha, J. Gautier, G. Lambert, C. Valentin, M. Lozano, G. Iaquaniello, F. Delmotte, S. Sebban, J. Lüning, and P. Zeitoun, “Polarization control of high order harmonics in the EUV photon energy range,” Opt. Express19(5), 4346–4356 (2011). [PubMed]
• B. Pfau, C. M. Günther, R. Könnecke, E. Guehrs, O. Hellwig, W. F. Schlotter, and S. Eisebitt, “Magnetic imaging at linearly polarized x-ray sources,” Opt. Express18(13), 13608–13615 (2010). [PubMed]
• E. Guehrs, C. M. Günther, B. Pfau, T. Rander, S. Schaffert, W. F. Schlotter, and S. Eisebitt, “Wavefield back-propagation in high-resolution X-ray holography with a movable field of view,” Opt. Express18(18), 18922–18931 (2010). [PubMed]

Phys. Rev.

• P. N. Argyres, “The theory of Faraday and Kerr effects in ferromagnetics,” Phys. Rev.97, 334–345 (1955).

Phys. Rev. B

• A. Scherz, W. F. Schlotter, K. Chen, R. Rick, J. Stöhr, J. Lüning, I. McNulty, C. Günther, F. Radu, W. Eberhardt, O. Hellwig, and S. Eisebitt, “Phase imaging of magnetic nanostructures using resonant soft x-ray holography,” Phys. Rev. B76, 214410 (2007).
• J. B. Kortright and S.-K. Kim, “Resonant magneto-optical properties of Fe near its 2p levels: measurement and applications,” Phys. Rev. B62, 12216–12228 (2000).

Phys. Rev. Lett.

• P. Carra, B. T. Thole, M. Altarelli, and X. Wang, “X-ray circular dichroism and local magnetic fields,” Phys. Rev. Lett.70(5), 694–697 (1993). [PubMed]
• J. J. Turner, X. Huang, O. Krupin, K. A. Seu, D. Parks, S. Kevan, E. Lima, K. Kisslinger, I. McNulty, R. Gambino, S. Mangin, S. Roy, and P. Fischer, “X-ray diffraction microscopy of magnetic structures,” Phys. Rev. Lett.107(3), 033904 (2011). [PubMed]

Rev. Sci. Instrum.

• W. F. Schlotter, J. J. Turner, M. Rowen, P. Heimann, M. Holmes, O. Krupin, M. Messerschmidt, S. Moeller, J. Krzywinski, R. Soufli, M. Fernndez-Perea, N. Kelez, S. Lee, R. Coffee, G. Hays, M. Beye, N. Gerken, F. Sorgenfrei, S. Hau-Riege, L. Juha, J. Chalupsky, V. Hajkova, A. P. Mancuso, A. Singer, O. Yefanov, I. A. Vartanyants, G. Cadenazzi, B. Abbey, K. A. Nugent, H. Sinn, J. Lning, S. Schaffert, S. Eisebitt, W.-S. Lee, A. Scherz, A. R. Nilsson, and W. Wurth, “The soft x-ray instrument for materials studies at the linac coherent light source x-ray free-electron laser,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. (to be published).

Other

• see, e.g., LCLS proposals L134, L148, L197, L396, L409 of the SXR beamline ( http://www-ssrl.slac.stanford.edu/lcls/users/schedules.html ).
• C. Spezzani, “Diffusion résonante des rayons X polarisés et couplage magnétique dans les multicouches Co/Cu,” Ph.D. Thesis, University of Paris XI, OCLC n.491574486 (2003).

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