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Measurement of thermal lensing in a CW BaWO4 intracavity Raman laserGerald M. Bonner, Helen M. Pask, Andrew J. Lee, Alan J. Kemp, Jiyang Wang, Huaijin Zhang, and Takashige Omatsu »View Author Affiliations
Gerald M. Bonner,1,2,*
Helen M. Pask,1
Andrew J. Lee,1
Alan J. Kemp,2
Jiyang Wang,3
Huaijin Zhang,3
and Takashige Omatsu4
1MQ Photonics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia 2Institute of Photonics, University of Strathclyde, SUPA, 106 Rottenrow, Glasgow, G4 0NW, UK 3State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials and Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China 4Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan *Corresponding author: gerald.bonner@mq.edu.au |
Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 9, pp. 9810-9818 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.009810
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Abstract
The thermal lens induced in an a-cut BaWO4 crystal by stimulated Raman scattering is measured using lateral shearing interferometry. The strength of the lens is proportional to the Stokes output power. For light polarized parallel to the a-axis, and a Stokes mode radius of 120 μm, the lens is negative and highly astigmatic: −0.8 D W−1 in the plane parallel to the a-axis and −7.7 D W−1 in the plane parallel to the c-axis. The implications of this thermal lens for Raman laser design are discussed.
© 2012 OSA
OCIS Codes
(140.3480) Lasers and laser optics : Lasers, diode-pumped
(140.3550) Lasers and laser optics : Lasers, Raman
(140.6810) Lasers and laser optics : Thermal effects
(190.5650) Nonlinear optics : Raman effect
(350.6830) Other areas of optics : Thermal lensing
ToC Category:
Lasers and Laser Optics
History
Original Manuscript: February 15, 2012
Revised Manuscript: April 4, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: April 10, 2012
Published: April 16, 2012
Citation
Gerald M. Bonner, Helen M. Pask, Andrew J. Lee, Alan J. Kemp, Jiyang Wang, Huaijin Zhang, and Takashige Omatsu, "Measurement of thermal lensing in a CW BaWO4 intracavity Raman laser," Opt. Express 20, 9810-9818 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-20-9-9810
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References
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- V. G. Savitski, I. Friel, J. E. Hastie, M. D. Dawson, D. Burns, and A. J. Kemp, “Characterization of single-crystal synthetic diamond for multi-Watt continuous-wave Raman lasers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron.48(3), 328–337 (2012). [CrossRef]
- W. Lubeigt, V. G. Savitski, G. M. Bonner, S. L. Geoghegan, I. Friel, J. E. Hastie, M. D. Dawson, D. Burns, and A. J. Kemp, “1.6 W continuous-wave Raman laser using low-loss synthetic diamond,” Opt. Express19(7), 6938–6944 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. Friel, S. L. Geoghegan, D. J. Twitchen, and G. A. Scarsbrook, “Development of high quality single crystal diamond for novel laser applications,” Proc. SPIE7838, 783819 (2010). [CrossRef]
- D. Ran, H. Xia, S. Sun, Z. Ling, W. Ge, and H. Zhang, “Thermal conductivity of BaWO4 single crystal,” Mater. Sci. Eng. B130(1-3), 206–209 (2006). [CrossRef]
- W. W. Ge, H. J. Zhang, J. Y. Wang, J. H. Liu, H. X. Li, X. F. Cheng, H. Y. Xu, X. G. Xu, X. B. Hu, and M. H. Jiang, “The thermal and optical properties of BaWO4 single crystal,” J. Cryst. Growth276(1-2), 208–214 (2005). [CrossRef]
- W. Lubeigt, V. G. Savitski, G. M. Bonner, S. L. Geoghegan, I. Friel, J. E. Hastie, M. D. Dawson, D. Burns, and A. J. Kemp, “1.6 W continuous-wave Raman laser using low-loss synthetic diamond,” Opt. Express19(7), 6938–6944 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. Friel, S. L. Geoghegan, D. J. Twitchen, and G. A. Scarsbrook, “Development of high quality single crystal diamond for novel laser applications,” Proc. SPIE7838, 783819 (2010). [CrossRef]
- J. Didierjean, E. Herault, F. Balembois, and P. Georges, “Thermal conductivity measurements of laser crystals by infrared thermography. Application to Nd:doped crystals,” Opt. Express16(12), 8995–9010 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Chénais, F. Druon, S. Forget, F. Balembois, and P. Georges, “On thermal effects in solid-state lasers: The case of ytterbium-doped materials,” Prog. Quantum Electron.30(4), 89–153 (2006). [CrossRef]
- A. Giesen, H. Hugel, A. Voss, K. Wittig, U. Brauch, and H. Opower, “Scalable concept for diode-pumped high-power solid-state lasers,” Appl. Phys. B58(5), 365–372 (1994). [CrossRef]
- A. Kananovich, A. Demidovich, M. Danailov, A. Grabtchikov, and V. Orlovich, “All-solid-state quasi-CW yellow laser with intracavity self-Raman conversion and sum frequency generation,” Laser Phys. Lett.7(8), 573–578 (2010). [CrossRef]
- V. G. Savitski, I. Friel, J. E. Hastie, M. D. Dawson, D. Burns, and A. J. Kemp, “Characterization of single-crystal synthetic diamond for multi-Watt continuous-wave Raman lasers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron.48(3), 328–337 (2012). [CrossRef]
- W. Lubeigt, V. G. Savitski, G. M. Bonner, S. L. Geoghegan, I. Friel, J. E. Hastie, M. D. Dawson, D. Burns, and A. J. Kemp, “1.6 W continuous-wave Raman laser using low-loss synthetic diamond,” Opt. Express19(7), 6938–6944 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Lubeigt, G. M. Bonner, J. E. Hastie, M. D. Dawson, D. Burns, and A. J. Kemp, “Continuous-wave diamond Raman laser,” Opt. Lett.35(17), 2994–2996 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. W. Ge, H. J. Zhang, J. Y. Wang, J. H. Liu, H. X. Li, X. F. Cheng, H. Y. Xu, X. G. Xu, X. B. Hu, and M. H. Jiang, “The thermal and optical properties of BaWO4 single crystal,” J. Cryst. Growth276(1-2), 208–214 (2005). [CrossRef]
- H. Zhu, Y. Duan, G. Zhang, C. Huang, Y. Wei, W. Chen, L. Huang, and Y. Huang, “Efficient continuous-wave YVO4/Nd:YVO4 Raman laser at 1176 nm,” Appl. Phys. B103(3), 559–562 (2011). [CrossRef]
- H. Zhu, Y. Duan, G. Zhang, C. Huang, Y. Wei, W. Chen, L. Huang, and Y. Huang, “Efficient continuous-wave YVO4/Nd:YVO4 Raman laser at 1176 nm,” Appl. Phys. B103(3), 559–562 (2011). [CrossRef]
- H. Zhu, Y. Duan, G. Zhang, C. Huang, Y. Wei, W. Chen, L. Huang, and Y. Huang, “Efficient continuous-wave YVO4/Nd:YVO4 Raman laser at 1176 nm,” Appl. Phys. B103(3), 559–562 (2011). [CrossRef]
- A. Giesen, H. Hugel, A. Voss, K. Wittig, U. Brauch, and H. Opower, “Scalable concept for diode-pumped high-power solid-state lasers,” Appl. Phys. B58(5), 365–372 (1994). [CrossRef]
- M. E. Innocenzi, H. T. Yura, C. L. Fincher, and R. A. Fields, “Thermal modeling of continuous-wave end-pumped solid-state lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett.56(19), 1831–1833 (1990). [CrossRef]
- M. Okida, A. Tonouchi, M. Itoh, T. Yatagai, and T. Omatsu, “Thermal-lens measurement in a side-pumped 1.3μm Nd:YVO4 bounce laser,” Opt. Commun.277(1), 125–129 (2007). [CrossRef]
- M. Okida, M. Itoh, T. Yatagai, H. Ogilvy, J. Piper, and T. Omatsu, “Heat generation in Nd doped vanadate crystals with 1.34 mum laser action,” Opt. Express13(13), 4909–4915 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Fan, Y. X. Fan, Y. H. Duan, Q. Wang, H. T. Wang, G. H. Jia, and C. Y. Tu, “Continuous-wave intracavity Raman laser at 1179.5 nm with SrWO4 Raman crystal in diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4 laser,” Appl. Phys. B94(4), 553–557 (2009). [CrossRef]
- W. W. Ge, H. J. Zhang, J. Y. Wang, J. H. Liu, H. X. Li, X. F. Cheng, H. Y. Xu, X. G. Xu, X. B. Hu, and M. H. Jiang, “The thermal and optical properties of BaWO4 single crystal,” J. Cryst. Growth276(1-2), 208–214 (2005). [CrossRef]
- A. Kananovich, A. Demidovich, M. Danailov, A. Grabtchikov, and V. Orlovich, “All-solid-state quasi-CW yellow laser with intracavity self-Raman conversion and sum frequency generation,” Laser Phys. Lett.7(8), 573–578 (2010). [CrossRef]
- V. G. Savitski, I. Friel, J. E. Hastie, M. D. Dawson, D. Burns, and A. J. Kemp, “Characterization of single-crystal synthetic diamond for multi-Watt continuous-wave Raman lasers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron.48(3), 328–337 (2012). [CrossRef]
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- M. Okida, A. Tonouchi, M. Itoh, T. Yatagai, and T. Omatsu, “Thermal-lens measurement in a side-pumped 1.3μm Nd:YVO4 bounce laser,” Opt. Commun.277(1), 125–129 (2007). [CrossRef]
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- P. Dekker, H. M. Pask, D. J. Spence, and J. A. Piper, “Continuous-wave, intracavity doubled, self-Raman laser operation in Nd:GdVO4 at 586.5 nm,” Opt. Express15(11), 7038–7046 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. A. Piper and H. M. Pask, “Crystalline Raman lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.13(3), 692–704 (2007). [CrossRef]
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- P. Dekker, H. M. Pask, D. J. Spence, and J. A. Piper, “Continuous-wave, intracavity doubled, self-Raman laser operation in Nd:GdVO4 at 586.5 nm,” Opt. Express15(11), 7038–7046 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Ran, H. Xia, S. Sun, Z. Ling, W. Ge, and H. Zhang, “Thermal conductivity of BaWO4 single crystal,” Mater. Sci. Eng. B130(1-3), 206–209 (2006). [CrossRef]
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Appl. Phys. Lett.
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IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.
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J. Cryst. Growth
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Mater. Sci. Eng. B
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Opt. Commun.
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