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Two-photon excited fluorescence in the LYB:Eu monoclinic crystal: towards a new scheme of single-beam dual-voxel direct laser writing in crystalsY. Petit, A. Royon, N. Marquestaut, M. Dussauze, A. Fargues, P. Veber, V. Jubera, T. Cardinal, and L. Canioni »View Author Affiliations
Y. Petit,1,2,3,4,*
A. Royon,1,2
N. Marquestaut,1,2
M. Dussauze,5,6
A. Fargues,3,4
P. Veber,3,4
V. Jubera,3,4
T. Cardinal,3,4
and L. Canioni1,2
1Univ. Bordeaux, LOMA, UMR 5798, F-33400 Talence, France 2CNRS, LOMA, UMR 5798, F-33400 Talence, France 3CNRS, ICMCB, UPR 9048, F-33608 Pessac, France 4Univ. Bordeaux, ICMCB, UPR 9048, F-33400 Pessac, France 5Univ. Bordeaux, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France 6CNRS, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France *Corresponding author: yannick.petit@u-bordeaux1.fr |
Optics Express, Vol. 21, Issue 1, pp. 822-833 (2013)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.21.000822
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Abstract
We report on two-photon excited fluorescence in the oriented Eu3+-doped LYB monoclinic crystal under femtosecond laser tight focusing. Due to spatial walk-off, the two polarization modes of the incident femtosecond beam simultaneously provide the independent excitation of two distinct focuses, leading to a single-beam dual-voxel nonlinear excitation of fluorescence below material modification threshold. These observations emphasize on the anisotropy of both two-photon absorption as well as fluorescence emission. They demonstrate the localized control of the nonlinear energy deposit, thanks to the adjustment of both the input power and polarization, by properly balancing the injected energy in each voxel. Such approach should be considered for future direct laser writing of waveguides in propagation directions out of the dielectric axes, so as to optimally cope with the highly probable anisotropy of laser-induced material modification thresholds in these crystals. These results open new ways for further potential developments in direct laser writing as the simultaneous inscription of double-line structures for original waveguides processes.
© 2013 OSA
OCIS Codes
(160.1190) Materials : Anisotropic optical materials
(230.7370) Optical devices : Waveguides
(260.1180) Physical optics : Crystal optics
(260.1440) Physical optics : Birefringence
(260.5430) Physical optics : Polarization
(270.4180) Quantum optics : Multiphoton processes
(300.2530) Spectroscopy : Fluorescence, laser-induced
(050.6875) Diffraction and gratings : Three-dimensional fabrication
ToC Category:
Laser Microfabrication
History
Original Manuscript: September 11, 2012
Revised Manuscript: November 4, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: November 4, 2012
Published: January 8, 2013
Citation
Y. Petit, A. Royon, N. Marquestaut, M. Dussauze, A. Fargues, P. Veber, V. Jubera, T. Cardinal, and L. Canioni, "Two-photon excited fluorescence in the LYB:Eu monoclinic crystal: towards a new scheme of single-beam dual-voxel direct laser writing in crystals," Opt. Express 21, 822-833 (2013)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-21-1-822
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- J.-P. Fève, B. Boulanger, B. Ménaert, and O. Pacaud, “Continuous tuning of a microlaser-pumped optical parametric generator by use of a cylindrical periodically poled lithium niobate crystal,” Opt. Lett.28(12), 1028–1030 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Choi, M. Bellec, A. Royon, K. Bourhis, G. Papon, T. Cardinal, L. Canioni, and M. Richardson, “Three-dimensional direct femtosecond laser writing of second-order nonlinearities in glass,” Opt. Lett.37(6), 1029–1031 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Royon, K. Bourhis, M. Bellec, G. Papon, B. Bousquet, Y. Deshayes, T. Cardinal, and L. Canioni, “Silver clusters embedded in glass as a perennial high capacity optical recording medium,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)22(46), 5282–5286 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Cattoor, I. Manek-Hönninger, J.-Ch. Delagnes, Y. Petit, B. Bousquet, V. Jubera, A. Fargues, Ph. Veber, M. Velazquez, A. Garcia, and L. Canioni, “Potential of the Eu:LYB crystal as a laser material for DPSS lasers emitting at 613 nm,” Proc. SPIE8235, 82351A, 82351A–7 (2012). [CrossRef]
- A. Royon, K. Bourhis, M. Bellec, G. Papon, B. Bousquet, Y. Deshayes, T. Cardinal, and L. Canioni, “Silver clusters embedded in glass as a perennial high capacity optical recording medium,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)22(46), 5282–5286 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Brasselet, A. Royon, and L. Canioni, “Dense arrays of microscopic optical vortex generators from femtosecond direct laser writing of radial birefringence in glass,” Appl. Phys. Lett.100(18), 181901 (2012). [CrossRef]
- S. Brasselet, V. Le Floc’h, F. Treussart, J.-F. Roch, J. Zyss, E. Botzung-Appert, and A. Ibanez, “In situ diagnostics of the crystalline nature of single organic nanocrystals by nonlinear microscopy,” Phys. Rev. Lett.92(20), 207401 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Burghoff, C. Grebing, S. Nolte, and A. Tünnermann, “Efficient frequency doubling in femtosecond laser-written waveguides in lithium niobate,” Appl. Phys. Lett.89(8), 081108 (2006). [CrossRef]
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- S. M. Eaton, C. A. Merchant, R. Iyer, A. J. Zilkie, A. S. Helmy, J. S. Aitchison, P. R. Herman, D. Kraemer, R. J. D. Miller, C. Hnatovsky, and R. S. Taylor, “Raman gain from waveguides inscribed in KGd(WO4)2 by high repetition rate femtosecond laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett.92(8), 081105 (2008). [CrossRef]
- S. M. Eaton, C. A. Merchant, R. Iyer, A. J. Zilkie, A. S. Helmy, J. S. Aitchison, P. R. Herman, D. Kraemer, R. J. D. Miller, C. Hnatovsky, and R. S. Taylor, “Raman gain from waveguides inscribed in KGd(WO4)2 by high repetition rate femtosecond laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett.92(8), 081105 (2008). [CrossRef]
- J. Qiu, K. Miura, T. Suzuki, T. Mitsuyu, and K. Hirao, “Permanent photoreduction of Sm3+ to Sm2+ inside a sodium aluminoborate glass by an infrared femtosecond pulsed laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett.74(1), 10–12 (1999). [CrossRef]
- M. Shimizu, M. Sakakura, M. Ohnishi, Y. Shimotsuma, T. Nakaya, K. Miura, and K. Hirao, “Vortex Dynamics in hcp Solid 4He,” J. Appl. Phys.108, 073533 (2010). [CrossRef]
- J. Qiu, K. Miura, T. Suzuki, T. Mitsuyu, and K. Hirao, “Permanent photoreduction of Sm3+ to Sm2+ inside a sodium aluminoborate glass by an infrared femtosecond pulsed laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett.74(1), 10–12 (1999). [CrossRef]
- K. M. Davis, K. Miura, N. Sugimoto, and K. Hirao, “Writing waveguides in glass with a femtosecond laser,” Opt. Lett.21(21), 1729–1731 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Shimizu, M. Sakakura, M. Ohnishi, Y. Shimotsuma, T. Nakaya, K. Miura, and K. Hirao, “Vortex Dynamics in hcp Solid 4He,” J. Appl. Phys.108, 073533 (2010). [CrossRef]
- J. Siebenmorgen, K. Petermann, G. Huber, K. Rademaker, S. Nolte, and A. Tünnermann, “Femtosecond laser written stress-induced Nd:Y3Al5O12 (Nd:YAG) channel waveguide laser,” Appl. Phys. B97(2), 251–255 (2009). [CrossRef]
- J. Burghoff, C. Grebing, S. Nolte, and A. Tünnermann, “Efficient frequency doubling in femtosecond laser-written waveguides in lithium niobate,” Appl. Phys. Lett.89(8), 081108 (2006). [CrossRef]
- T. Gorelik, M. Will, S. Nolte, A. Tuennermann, and U. Glatzel, “Transmission electron microscopy studies of femtosecond laser induced modifications in quartz,” Appl. Phys., A Mater. Sci. Process.76(3), 309–311 (2003). [CrossRef]
- M. Shimizu, M. Sakakura, M. Ohnishi, Y. Shimotsuma, T. Nakaya, K. Miura, and K. Hirao, “Vortex Dynamics in hcp Solid 4He,” J. Appl. Phys.108, 073533 (2010). [CrossRef]
- V. Apostolopoulos, L. Laversenne, T. Colomb, C. Depeursinge, R. P. Salathé, M. Pollnau, R. Osellame, G. Cerullo, and P. Laporta, “Femtosecond-irradiation-induced refractive-index changes and channel waveguiding in bulk Ti3+:Sapphire,” Appl. Phys. Lett.85(7), 1122 (2004). [CrossRef]
- J. Choi, M. Bellec, A. Royon, K. Bourhis, G. Papon, T. Cardinal, L. Canioni, and M. Richardson, “Three-dimensional direct femtosecond laser writing of second-order nonlinearities in glass,” Opt. Lett.37(6), 1029–1031 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Royon, Y. Petit, G. Papon, M. Richardson, and L. Canioni, “Femtosecond laser induced photochemistry in materials tailored with photosensitive agents,” Opt. Mater. Express1(5), 866–882 (2011). [CrossRef]
- A. Royon, K. Bourhis, M. Bellec, G. Papon, B. Bousquet, Y. Deshayes, T. Cardinal, and L. Canioni, “Silver clusters embedded in glass as a perennial high capacity optical recording medium,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)22(46), 5282–5286 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Siebenmorgen, K. Petermann, G. Huber, K. Rademaker, S. Nolte, and A. Tünnermann, “Femtosecond laser written stress-induced Nd:Y3Al5O12 (Nd:YAG) channel waveguide laser,” Appl. Phys. B97(2), 251–255 (2009). [CrossRef]
- R. Cattoor, I. Manek-Hönninger, J.-Ch. Delagnes, Y. Petit, B. Bousquet, V. Jubera, A. Fargues, Ph. Veber, M. Velazquez, A. Garcia, and L. Canioni, “Potential of the Eu:LYB crystal as a laser material for DPSS lasers emitting at 613 nm,” Proc. SPIE8235, 82351A, 82351A–7 (2012). [CrossRef]
- A. Royon, Y. Petit, G. Papon, M. Richardson, and L. Canioni, “Femtosecond laser induced photochemistry in materials tailored with photosensitive agents,” Opt. Mater. Express1(5), 866–882 (2011). [CrossRef]
- S. Joly, P. Segonds, B. Boulanger, Y. Petit, A. P. Revellez, C. Félix, and B. Ménaert, “Rotation of the absorption frame as a function of the electronic transition in the Nd3+:YCa₄O(BO₃)₃ monoclinic crystal,” Opt. Express18(18), 19169–19174 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Joly, Y. Petit, B. Boulanger, P. Segonds, C. Félix, B. Ménaert, and G. Aka, “Singular topology of optical absorption in biaxial crystals,” Opt. Express17(22), 19868–19873 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Petit, B. Boulanger, P. Segonds, C. Félix, B. Ménaert, J. Zaccaro, and G. Aka, “Absorption and fluorescence anisotropies of monoclinic crystals: the case of Nd:YCOB,” Opt. Express16(11), 7997–8002 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Petit, P. Segonds, B. Boulanger, and T. Taira, “Angular Quasi-Phase Matching,” Phys. Rev. A76(6), 063817 (2007). [CrossRef]
- A. Podlipensky, A. Abdolvand, G. Seifert, and H. Graener, “Femtosecond laser assisted production of dichroitic 3D structures in composite glass containing Ag nanoparticles,” Appl. Phys., A Mater. Sci. Process.80(8), 1647–1652 (2005). [CrossRef]
- V. Apostolopoulos, L. Laversenne, T. Colomb, C. Depeursinge, R. P. Salathé, M. Pollnau, R. Osellame, G. Cerullo, and P. Laporta, “Femtosecond-irradiation-induced refractive-index changes and channel waveguiding in bulk Ti3+:Sapphire,” Appl. Phys. Lett.85(7), 1122 (2004). [CrossRef]
- S. J. Beecher, R. R. Thomson, D. T. Reid, N. D. Psaila, M. Ebrahim-Zadeh, and A. K. Kar, “Strain field manipulation in ultrafast laser inscribed BiB3O6 optical waveguides for nonlinear applications,” Opt. Lett.36(23), 4548–4550 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. M. Bain, A. A. Lagatsky, R. R. Thomson, N. D. Psaila, N. V. Kuleshov, A. K. Kar, W. Sibbett, and C. T. A. Brown, “Ultrafast laser inscribed Yb:KGd(WO4)2 and Yb:KY(WO4)2 channel waveguide lasers,” Opt. Express17(25), 22417–22422 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Liu, B. Zhu, Y. Dai, X. Qiao, S. Ye, Y. Teng, Q. Guo, H. Ma, X. Fan, and J. Qiu, “Femtosecond laser writing of Er3+-doped CaF2 crystalline patterns in glass,” Opt. Lett.34(21), 3433–3435 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Dai, B. Zhu, J. Qiu, H. Ma, B. Lu, and B. Yu, “Space-selective precipitation of functional crystals in glass by using a high repetition rate femtosecond laser,” Chem. Phys. Lett.443(4-6), 253–257 (2007). [CrossRef]
- L. Yang, C. Wang, Y. Dong, N. Da, X. Hu, D. Chen, and J. Qiu, “Three-photon-excited upconversion luminescence of YVO4 single crystal by infrared femtosecond laser irradiation,” Opt. Express13(25), 10157–10162 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Shimotsuma, P. G. Kazansky, J. Qiu, and K. Hirao, “Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light Pulses,” Phys. Rev. Lett.91(24), 247405 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Qiu, K. Miura, T. Suzuki, T. Mitsuyu, and K. Hirao, “Permanent photoreduction of Sm3+ to Sm2+ inside a sodium aluminoborate glass by an infrared femtosecond pulsed laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett.74(1), 10–12 (1999). [CrossRef]
- J. Siebenmorgen, K. Petermann, G. Huber, K. Rademaker, S. Nolte, and A. Tünnermann, “Femtosecond laser written stress-induced Nd:Y3Al5O12 (Nd:YAG) channel waveguide laser,” Appl. Phys. B97(2), 251–255 (2009). [CrossRef]
- S. J. Beecher, R. R. Thomson, D. T. Reid, N. D. Psaila, M. Ebrahim-Zadeh, and A. K. Kar, “Strain field manipulation in ultrafast laser inscribed BiB3O6 optical waveguides for nonlinear applications,” Opt. Lett.36(23), 4548–4550 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. R. Thomson, S. Campbell, I. J. Blewett, A. K. Kar, and D. T. Reid, “Optical waveguide fabrication in z-cut lithium niobate (LiNbO3) using femtosecond pulses in the low repetition rate regime,” Appl. Phys. Lett.88(11), 111109 (2006). [CrossRef]
- J. Choi, M. Bellec, A. Royon, K. Bourhis, G. Papon, T. Cardinal, L. Canioni, and M. Richardson, “Three-dimensional direct femtosecond laser writing of second-order nonlinearities in glass,” Opt. Lett.37(6), 1029–1031 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Royon, Y. Petit, G. Papon, M. Richardson, and L. Canioni, “Femtosecond laser induced photochemistry in materials tailored with photosensitive agents,” Opt. Mater. Express1(5), 866–882 (2011). [CrossRef]
- S. Brasselet, V. Le Floc’h, F. Treussart, J.-F. Roch, J. Zyss, E. Botzung-Appert, and A. Ibanez, “In situ diagnostics of the crystalline nature of single organic nanocrystals by nonlinear microscopy,” Phys. Rev. Lett.92(20), 207401 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Chavoutier, V. Jubera, P. Veber, M. Velazquez, O. Viraphong, J. Hejtmanek, R. Decourt, J. Debray, B. Menaert, P. Segonds, F. Adamietz, V. Rodriguez, I. Manek-Hönninger, A. Fargues, D. Descamps, and A. Garcia, “Thermal, optical and spectroscopic characterizations of borate laser crystals,” J. Solid State Chem.184(2), 441–446 (2011). [CrossRef]
- J. Choi, M. Bellec, A. Royon, K. Bourhis, G. Papon, T. Cardinal, L. Canioni, and M. Richardson, “Three-dimensional direct femtosecond laser writing of second-order nonlinearities in glass,” Opt. Lett.37(6), 1029–1031 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Brasselet, A. Royon, and L. Canioni, “Dense arrays of microscopic optical vortex generators from femtosecond direct laser writing of radial birefringence in glass,” Appl. Phys. Lett.100(18), 181901 (2012). [CrossRef]
- A. Royon, Y. Petit, G. Papon, M. Richardson, and L. Canioni, “Femtosecond laser induced photochemistry in materials tailored with photosensitive agents,” Opt. Mater. Express1(5), 866–882 (2011). [CrossRef]
- A. Royon, K. Bourhis, M. Bellec, G. Papon, B. Bousquet, Y. Deshayes, T. Cardinal, and L. Canioni, “Silver clusters embedded in glass as a perennial high capacity optical recording medium,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)22(46), 5282–5286 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Shimizu, M. Sakakura, M. Ohnishi, Y. Shimotsuma, T. Nakaya, K. Miura, and K. Hirao, “Vortex Dynamics in hcp Solid 4He,” J. Appl. Phys.108, 073533 (2010). [CrossRef]
- V. Apostolopoulos, L. Laversenne, T. Colomb, C. Depeursinge, R. P. Salathé, M. Pollnau, R. Osellame, G. Cerullo, and P. Laporta, “Femtosecond-irradiation-induced refractive-index changes and channel waveguiding in bulk Ti3+:Sapphire,” Appl. Phys. Lett.85(7), 1122 (2004). [CrossRef]
- M. Chavoutier, V. Jubera, P. Veber, M. Velazquez, O. Viraphong, J. Hejtmanek, R. Decourt, J. Debray, B. Menaert, P. Segonds, F. Adamietz, V. Rodriguez, I. Manek-Hönninger, A. Fargues, D. Descamps, and A. Garcia, “Thermal, optical and spectroscopic characterizations of borate laser crystals,” J. Solid State Chem.184(2), 441–446 (2011). [CrossRef]
- S. Joly, P. Segonds, B. Boulanger, Y. Petit, A. P. Revellez, C. Félix, and B. Ménaert, “Rotation of the absorption frame as a function of the electronic transition in the Nd3+:YCa₄O(BO₃)₃ monoclinic crystal,” Opt. Express18(18), 19169–19174 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Joly, Y. Petit, B. Boulanger, P. Segonds, C. Félix, B. Ménaert, and G. Aka, “Singular topology of optical absorption in biaxial crystals,” Opt. Express17(22), 19868–19873 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Petit, B. Boulanger, P. Segonds, C. Félix, B. Ménaert, J. Zaccaro, and G. Aka, “Absorption and fluorescence anisotropies of monoclinic crystals: the case of Nd:YCOB,” Opt. Express16(11), 7997–8002 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Petit, P. Segonds, B. Boulanger, and T. Taira, “Angular Quasi-Phase Matching,” Phys. Rev. A76(6), 063817 (2007). [CrossRef]
- P. Segonds, B. Boulanger, L. Ferrier, B. Ménaert, and J. Zaccaro, “Refractive indices determination of a small-size nonlinear biaxial crystal by use of double-refraction measurements with a laser beam,” J. Opt. Soc. Amer. B.23(5), 852–856 (2006). [CrossRef]
- P. Segonds, B. Boulanger, J. P. Fève, B. Ménaert, J. Zaccaro, G. Aka, and D. Pelenc, “Linear and nonlinear optical properties of the monoclinic Ca4YO(BO3)3 crystal,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B21(4), 765–769 (2004). [CrossRef]
- A. Podlipensky, A. Abdolvand, G. Seifert, and H. Graener, “Femtosecond laser assisted production of dichroitic 3D structures in composite glass containing Ag nanoparticles,” Appl. Phys., A Mater. Sci. Process.80(8), 1647–1652 (2005). [CrossRef]
- M. Shimizu, M. Sakakura, M. Ohnishi, Y. Shimotsuma, T. Nakaya, K. Miura, and K. Hirao, “Vortex Dynamics in hcp Solid 4He,” J. Appl. Phys.108, 073533 (2010). [CrossRef]
- M. Shimizu, M. Sakakura, M. Ohnishi, Y. Shimotsuma, T. Nakaya, K. Miura, and K. Hirao, “Vortex Dynamics in hcp Solid 4He,” J. Appl. Phys.108, 073533 (2010). [CrossRef]
- Y. Shimotsuma, P. G. Kazansky, J. Qiu, and K. Hirao, “Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light Pulses,” Phys. Rev. Lett.91(24), 247405 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Siebenmorgen, K. Petermann, G. Huber, K. Rademaker, S. Nolte, and A. Tünnermann, “Femtosecond laser written stress-induced Nd:Y3Al5O12 (Nd:YAG) channel waveguide laser,” Appl. Phys. B97(2), 251–255 (2009). [CrossRef]
- J. Qiu, K. Miura, T. Suzuki, T. Mitsuyu, and K. Hirao, “Permanent photoreduction of Sm3+ to Sm2+ inside a sodium aluminoborate glass by an infrared femtosecond pulsed laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett.74(1), 10–12 (1999). [CrossRef]
- W. Yang, P. G. Kazansky, and Y. P. Svirko, “Non-reciprocal ultrafast laser writing,” Nature2, 99–104 (2008).
- Y. Petit, P. Segonds, B. Boulanger, and T. Taira, “Angular Quasi-Phase Matching,” Phys. Rev. A76(6), 063817 (2007). [CrossRef]
- K. Kawamura, M. Hirano, T. Kurobori, D. Takamizu, T. Kamiya, and H. Hosono, “Femtosecond-laser-encoded distributed-feedback color center laser in lithium fluoride single crystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett.84(3), 311 (2004). [CrossRef]
- S. M. Eaton, C. A. Merchant, R. Iyer, A. J. Zilkie, A. S. Helmy, J. S. Aitchison, P. R. Herman, D. Kraemer, R. J. D. Miller, C. Hnatovsky, and R. S. Taylor, “Raman gain from waveguides inscribed in KGd(WO4)2 by high repetition rate femtosecond laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett.92(8), 081105 (2008). [CrossRef]
- C. Hnatovsky, R. S. Taylor, E. Simova, V. R. Bhardwaj, D. M. Rayner, and P. B. Corkum, “Polarization-selective etching in femtosecond laser-assisted microfluidic channel fabrication in fused silica,” Opt. Lett.30(14), 1867–1869 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. J. Beecher, R. R. Thomson, D. T. Reid, N. D. Psaila, M. Ebrahim-Zadeh, and A. K. Kar, “Strain field manipulation in ultrafast laser inscribed BiB3O6 optical waveguides for nonlinear applications,” Opt. Lett.36(23), 4548–4550 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. M. Bain, A. A. Lagatsky, R. R. Thomson, N. D. Psaila, N. V. Kuleshov, A. K. Kar, W. Sibbett, and C. T. A. Brown, “Ultrafast laser inscribed Yb:KGd(WO4)2 and Yb:KY(WO4)2 channel waveguide lasers,” Opt. Express17(25), 22417–22422 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. R. Thomson, S. Campbell, I. J. Blewett, A. K. Kar, and D. T. Reid, “Optical waveguide fabrication in z-cut lithium niobate (LiNbO3) using femtosecond pulses in the low repetition rate regime,” Appl. Phys. Lett.88(11), 111109 (2006). [CrossRef]
- S. Brasselet, V. Le Floc’h, F. Treussart, J.-F. Roch, J. Zyss, E. Botzung-Appert, and A. Ibanez, “In situ diagnostics of the crystalline nature of single organic nanocrystals by nonlinear microscopy,” Phys. Rev. Lett.92(20), 207401 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Gorelik, M. Will, S. Nolte, A. Tuennermann, and U. Glatzel, “Transmission electron microscopy studies of femtosecond laser induced modifications in quartz,” Appl. Phys., A Mater. Sci. Process.76(3), 309–311 (2003). [CrossRef]
- J. Siebenmorgen, K. Petermann, G. Huber, K. Rademaker, S. Nolte, and A. Tünnermann, “Femtosecond laser written stress-induced Nd:Y3Al5O12 (Nd:YAG) channel waveguide laser,” Appl. Phys. B97(2), 251–255 (2009). [CrossRef]
- J. Burghoff, C. Grebing, S. Nolte, and A. Tünnermann, “Efficient frequency doubling in femtosecond laser-written waveguides in lithium niobate,” Appl. Phys. Lett.89(8), 081108 (2006). [CrossRef]
- M. Chavoutier, V. Jubera, P. Veber, M. Velazquez, O. Viraphong, J. Hejtmanek, R. Decourt, J. Debray, B. Menaert, P. Segonds, F. Adamietz, V. Rodriguez, I. Manek-Hönninger, A. Fargues, D. Descamps, and A. Garcia, “Thermal, optical and spectroscopic characterizations of borate laser crystals,” J. Solid State Chem.184(2), 441–446 (2011). [CrossRef]
- R. Cattoor, I. Manek-Hönninger, J.-Ch. Delagnes, Y. Petit, B. Bousquet, V. Jubera, A. Fargues, Ph. Veber, M. Velazquez, A. Garcia, and L. Canioni, “Potential of the Eu:LYB crystal as a laser material for DPSS lasers emitting at 613 nm,” Proc. SPIE8235, 82351A, 82351A–7 (2012). [CrossRef]
- R. Cattoor, I. Manek-Hönninger, J.-Ch. Delagnes, Y. Petit, B. Bousquet, V. Jubera, A. Fargues, Ph. Veber, M. Velazquez, A. Garcia, and L. Canioni, “Potential of the Eu:LYB crystal as a laser material for DPSS lasers emitting at 613 nm,” Proc. SPIE8235, 82351A, 82351A–7 (2012). [CrossRef]
- M. Chavoutier, V. Jubera, P. Veber, M. Velazquez, O. Viraphong, J. Hejtmanek, R. Decourt, J. Debray, B. Menaert, P. Segonds, F. Adamietz, V. Rodriguez, I. Manek-Hönninger, A. Fargues, D. Descamps, and A. Garcia, “Thermal, optical and spectroscopic characterizations of borate laser crystals,” J. Solid State Chem.184(2), 441–446 (2011). [CrossRef]
- M. Chavoutier, V. Jubera, P. Veber, M. Velazquez, O. Viraphong, J. Hejtmanek, R. Decourt, J. Debray, B. Menaert, P. Segonds, F. Adamietz, V. Rodriguez, I. Manek-Hönninger, A. Fargues, D. Descamps, and A. Garcia, “Thermal, optical and spectroscopic characterizations of borate laser crystals,” J. Solid State Chem.184(2), 441–446 (2011). [CrossRef]
- T. Gorelik, M. Will, S. Nolte, A. Tuennermann, and U. Glatzel, “Transmission electron microscopy studies of femtosecond laser induced modifications in quartz,” Appl. Phys., A Mater. Sci. Process.76(3), 309–311 (2003). [CrossRef]
- W. Yang, P. G. Kazansky, and Y. P. Svirko, “Non-reciprocal ultrafast laser writing,” Nature2, 99–104 (2008).
- Y. Dai, B. Zhu, J. Qiu, H. Ma, B. Lu, and B. Yu, “Space-selective precipitation of functional crystals in glass by using a high repetition rate femtosecond laser,” Chem. Phys. Lett.443(4-6), 253–257 (2007). [CrossRef]
- Y. Petit, B. Boulanger, P. Segonds, C. Félix, B. Ménaert, J. Zaccaro, and G. Aka, “Absorption and fluorescence anisotropies of monoclinic crystals: the case of Nd:YCOB,” Opt. Express16(11), 7997–8002 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Segonds, B. Boulanger, L. Ferrier, B. Ménaert, and J. Zaccaro, “Refractive indices determination of a small-size nonlinear biaxial crystal by use of double-refraction measurements with a laser beam,” J. Opt. Soc. Amer. B.23(5), 852–856 (2006). [CrossRef]
- P. Segonds, B. Boulanger, J. P. Fève, B. Ménaert, J. Zaccaro, G. Aka, and D. Pelenc, “Linear and nonlinear optical properties of the monoclinic Ca4YO(BO3)3 crystal,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B21(4), 765–769 (2004). [CrossRef]
- Y. Liu, B. Zhu, Y. Dai, X. Qiao, S. Ye, Y. Teng, Q. Guo, H. Ma, X. Fan, and J. Qiu, “Femtosecond laser writing of Er3+-doped CaF2 crystalline patterns in glass,” Opt. Lett.34(21), 3433–3435 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Dai, B. Zhu, J. Qiu, H. Ma, B. Lu, and B. Yu, “Space-selective precipitation of functional crystals in glass by using a high repetition rate femtosecond laser,” Chem. Phys. Lett.443(4-6), 253–257 (2007). [CrossRef]
- S. M. Eaton, C. A. Merchant, R. Iyer, A. J. Zilkie, A. S. Helmy, J. S. Aitchison, P. R. Herman, D. Kraemer, R. J. D. Miller, C. Hnatovsky, and R. S. Taylor, “Raman gain from waveguides inscribed in KGd(WO4)2 by high repetition rate femtosecond laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett.92(8), 081105 (2008). [CrossRef]
- S. Brasselet, V. Le Floc’h, F. Treussart, J.-F. Roch, J. Zyss, E. Botzung-Appert, and A. Ibanez, “In situ diagnostics of the crystalline nature of single organic nanocrystals by nonlinear microscopy,” Phys. Rev. Lett.92(20), 207401 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)
- A. Royon, K. Bourhis, M. Bellec, G. Papon, B. Bousquet, Y. Deshayes, T. Cardinal, and L. Canioni, “Silver clusters embedded in glass as a perennial high capacity optical recording medium,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)22(46), 5282–5286 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Appl. Phys. B
- J. Siebenmorgen, K. Petermann, G. Huber, K. Rademaker, S. Nolte, and A. Tünnermann, “Femtosecond laser written stress-induced Nd:Y3Al5O12 (Nd:YAG) channel waveguide laser,” Appl. Phys. B97(2), 251–255 (2009). [CrossRef]
Appl. Phys. Lett.
- K. Kawamura, M. Hirano, T. Kurobori, D. Takamizu, T. Kamiya, and H. Hosono, “Femtosecond-laser-encoded distributed-feedback color center laser in lithium fluoride single crystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett.84(3), 311 (2004). [CrossRef]
- V. Apostolopoulos, L. Laversenne, T. Colomb, C. Depeursinge, R. P. Salathé, M. Pollnau, R. Osellame, G. Cerullo, and P. Laporta, “Femtosecond-irradiation-induced refractive-index changes and channel waveguiding in bulk Ti3+:Sapphire,” Appl. Phys. Lett.85(7), 1122 (2004). [CrossRef]
- S. M. Eaton, C. A. Merchant, R. Iyer, A. J. Zilkie, A. S. Helmy, J. S. Aitchison, P. R. Herman, D. Kraemer, R. J. D. Miller, C. Hnatovsky, and R. S. Taylor, “Raman gain from waveguides inscribed in KGd(WO4)2 by high repetition rate femtosecond laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett.92(8), 081105 (2008). [CrossRef]
- J. Burghoff, C. Grebing, S. Nolte, and A. Tünnermann, “Efficient frequency doubling in femtosecond laser-written waveguides in lithium niobate,” Appl. Phys. Lett.89(8), 081108 (2006). [CrossRef]
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Appl. Phys., A Mater. Sci. Process.
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Chem. Phys. Lett.
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Nat. Photonics
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- R. R. Gattass and E. Mazur, “Femtosecond laser micromachining in transparent materials,” Nat. Photonics2(4), 219–225 (2008). [CrossRef]
- Y. Dai, B. Zhu, J. Qiu, H. Ma, B. Lu, and B. Yu, “Space-selective precipitation of functional crystals in glass by using a high repetition rate femtosecond laser,” Chem. Phys. Lett.443(4-6), 253–257 (2007). [CrossRef]
- Y. Petit, P. Segonds, B. Boulanger, and T. Taira, “Angular Quasi-Phase Matching,” Phys. Rev. A76(6), 063817 (2007). [CrossRef]
- J. Burghoff, C. Grebing, S. Nolte, and A. Tünnermann, “Efficient frequency doubling in femtosecond laser-written waveguides in lithium niobate,” Appl. Phys. Lett.89(8), 081108 (2006). [CrossRef]
- R. R. Thomson, S. Campbell, I. J. Blewett, A. K. Kar, and D. T. Reid, “Optical waveguide fabrication in z-cut lithium niobate (LiNbO3) using femtosecond pulses in the low repetition rate regime,” Appl. Phys. Lett.88(11), 111109 (2006). [CrossRef]
- P. Segonds, B. Boulanger, L. Ferrier, B. Ménaert, and J. Zaccaro, “Refractive indices determination of a small-size nonlinear biaxial crystal by use of double-refraction measurements with a laser beam,” J. Opt. Soc. Amer. B.23(5), 852–856 (2006). [CrossRef]
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- V. Jubera, J.-P. Chaminade, A. Garcia, F. Guillen, and C. Fouassier, “Luminescent properties of Eu3+-activated lithium rare earth borates and oxyborates,” J. Lumin.101(1-2), 1–10 (2003). [CrossRef]
- T. Gorelik, M. Will, S. Nolte, A. Tuennermann, and U. Glatzel, “Transmission electron microscopy studies of femtosecond laser induced modifications in quartz,” Appl. Phys., A Mater. Sci. Process.76(3), 309–311 (2003). [CrossRef]
- Y. Shimotsuma, P. G. Kazansky, J. Qiu, and K. Hirao, “Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light Pulses,” Phys. Rev. Lett.91(24), 247405 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Hellwig, J. Liebertz, and L. Bohaty, “Linear optical properties of the monoclinic bismuth BiB3O6,” J. Appl. Phys.88(1), 240 (2000). [CrossRef]
- J. Qiu, K. Miura, T. Suzuki, T. Mitsuyu, and K. Hirao, “Permanent photoreduction of Sm3+ to Sm2+ inside a sodium aluminoborate glass by an infrared femtosecond pulsed laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett.74(1), 10–12 (1999). [CrossRef]
- G. K. Abdullaev and K. S. Mamedov, Sov. Phys. Crystallogr.22(2), 220–222 (1997).
- J. Hölsa and M. Leskelä, “Optical study of Eu3+ luminescence in lithium rare earth borates, Li6RE(BO3)3; RE = Gd, Y,” J. Lumin.48-49, 497–500 (1991). [CrossRef]
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