We present a fast photoacoustic imaging system based on an annular transducer array for detection of intraocular foreign bodies. An eight-channel data acquisition system is applied to capture the photoacoustic signals using multiplexing and the total time of data acquisition and transferring is within 3 s. A limited-view filtered back projection algorithm is used to reconstruct the photoacoustic images. Experimental models of intraocular metal and glass foreign bodies were constructed on ex vivo pig’s eyes and clear photoacoustic images of intraocular foreign bodies were obtained. Experimental results demonstrate the photoacoustic imaging system holds the potential for in clinic detecting the intraocular foreign bodies.

© 2013 OSA

1. D. DeAngelis, M. Howcroft, and I. Aslanides, “Siderosis bulbi with an undetectable intraocular foreign body,” Can. J. Ophthalmol.34(6), 341–342 (1999). [PubMed]
2. P. J. Holmes, J. R. Miller, R. Gutta, and P. J. Louis, “Intraoperative imaging techniques: A guide to retrieval of foreign bodies,” Oral Surg.,Oral Med.,Oral Pathol., Oral Radiol. Endodontol.100(5), 614–618 (2005). [CrossRef]
3. T. D. LoBue, T. A. Deutsch, J. Lobick, and D. A. Turner, “Detection and localization of nonmetallic intraocular foreign bodies by magnetic resonance imaging,” Arch. Ophthalmol.106(2), 260–261 (1988). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
4. C. S. Crystal, D. A. Masneri, J. S. Hellums, D. W. Kaylor, S. E. Young, M. A. Miller, and M. E. Levsky, “Bedside ultrasound for the detection of soft tissue foreign bodies: A cadaveric study,” J. Emerg. Med.36(4), 377–380 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
5. M. Roumeliotis, P. Ephrat, J. Patrick, and J. J. L. Carson, “Development and characterization of an omnidirectional photoacoustic point source for calibration of a staring 3D photoacoustic imaging system,” Opt. Express17(17), 15228–15238 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
6. Y. Wang, D. Xing, Y. G. Zeng, and Q. Chen, “Photoacoustic imaging with deconvolution algorithm,” Phys. Med. Biol.49(14), 3117–3124 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
7. X. D. Wang, G. Ku, M. A. Wegiel, D. J. Bornhop, G. Stoica, and L. V. Wang, “Noninvasive photoacoustic angiography of animal brains in vivo with near-infrared light and an optical contrast agent,” Opt. Lett.29(7), 730–732 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
8. R. Olafsson, D. R. Bauer, L. G. Montilla, and R. S. Witte, “Real-time, contrast enhanced photoacoustic imaging of cancer in a mouse window chamber,” Opt. Express18(18), 18625–18632 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
9. J. Staley, P. Grogan, A. K. Samadi, H. Z. Cui, M. S. Cohen, and X. M. Yang, “Growth of melanoma brain tumors monitored by photoacoustic microscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt.15(4), 040510 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
10. E. I. Galanzha, E. V. Shashkov, T. Kelly, J. W. Kim, L. Yang, and V. P. Zharov, “In vivo magnetic enrichment and multiplex photoacoustic detection of circulating tumour cells,” Nat. Nanotechnol.4(12), 855–860 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
11. G. Ku, X. D. Wang, X. Y. Xie, G. Stoica, and L. V. Wang, “Imaging of tumor angiogenesis in rat brains in vivo by photoacoustic tomography,” Appl. Opt.44(5), 770–775 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
12. L. M. Zeng, D. Xing, H. M. Gu, D. W. Yang, S. H. Yang, and L. Z. Xiang, “High antinoise photoacoustic tomography based on a modified filtered back projection algorithm with combination wavelet,” Med. Phys.34(2), 556–563 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
13. D. W. Yang, D. Xing, S. H. Yang, and L. Z. Xiang, “Fast full-view photoacoustic imaging by combined scanning with a linear transducer array,” Opt. Express15(23), 15566–15575 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
14. X. D. Wang, Y. J. Pang, G. Ku, G. Stoica, and L. V. Wang, “Three-dimensional laser-induced photoacoustic tomography of mouse brain with the skin and skull intact,” Opt. Lett.28(19), 1739–1741 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
15. S. A. Ermilov, R. Gharieb, A. Conjusteau, and A. A. Oraevsky, “Hybrid optoacoustic and ultrasonic imaging system for detection of prostate malignancies,” Proc. SPIE6856, 68560T (2008).
16. Z. Yuan and H. Jiang, “Quantitative photoacoustic tomography: Recovery of optical absorption coefficient maps of heterogeneous media,” Appl. Phys. Lett.88(23), 231101 (2006). [CrossRef]
17. Z. Yuan, Q. Wang, and H. Jiang, “Reconstruction of optical absorption coefficient maps of heterogeneous media by photoacoustic tomography coupled with diffusion equation based regularized Newton Method,” Opt. Express15(26), 18076–18081 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
18. B. T. Cox, S. R. Arridge, K. P. K¨ostli, and P. C. Beard, “Quantitative photoacoustic imaging: fitting a model of light transport to the initial pressure distribution,” Proc. SPIE5697, 49–55 (2005). [CrossRef]
19. Y. Wang, S. Hu, K. Maslov, Y. Zhang, Y. N. Xia, and L. V. Wang, “In vivo integrated photoacoustic and confocal microscopy of hemoglobin oxygen saturation and oxygen partial pressure,” Opt. Lett.36(7), 1029–1031 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
20. A. Zerda, Z. Liu, S. Bodapati, R. Teed, S. Vaithilingam, B. T. Khuri-Yakub, X. Chen, H. Dai, and S. S. Gambhir, “Ultrahigh sensitivity carbon nanotube agents for photoacoustic molecular imaging in living mice,” Nano Lett.10(6), 2168–2172 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
21. K. Homan, S. Kim, Y. S. Chen, B. Wang, S. Mallidi, and S. Emelianov, “Prospects of molecular photoacoustic imaging at 1064 nm wavelength,” Opt. Lett.35(15), 2663–2665 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
22. S. A. Ermilov, A. Coniusteau, K. Mehta, R. Lacewell, P. M. Henrichs, and A. A. Oraevsky, “128-channel laser optoacoustic imaging system for breast cancer diagnostics,” Proc. SPIE 6086, 608609 (2006).
23. Q. Zh. Zhu, X. R. Ji, and D. Xing, “Full-field 3D photoacoustic imaging based on a plane transducer array and spatial phrase-controlled algorithm,” Med. Phys. Lett.38(3), 1561–1566 (2011).
24. J. Gamelin, A. Maurudis, A. Aguirre, F. Huang, P. Y. Guo, L. V. Wang, and Q. Zhu, “A real-time photoacoustic tomography system for small animals,” Opt. Express17(13), 10489–10498 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
25. C. Kim, T. N. Erpelding, L. Jankovic, and L. V. Wang, “Performance benchmarks of an array-based hand-held Photoacoustic probe adapted from a clinical ultrasound system for noninvasive sentinel lymph node imaging,” Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. A.369(1955), 4644–4650 (2011). [CrossRef]
26. X. Cai, C. Kim, M. Pramanik, and L. V. Wang, “Photoacoustic tomography of foreign bodies in soft biological tissue,” J. Biomed. Opt.16(4), 046017–046021 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
27. S. Hu, B. Rao, K. Maslov, and L. V. Wang, “Label-free photoacoustic ophthalmic angiography,” Opt. Lett.35(1), 1–3 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
28. S. Jiao, M. Jiang, J. Hu, A. Fawzi, Q. Zhou, K. K. Shung, C. A. Puliafito, and H. F. Zhang, “Photoacoustic ophthalmoscopy for in vivo retinal imaging,” Opt. Express18(4), 3967–3972 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
29. A. de la Zerda, Y. M. Paulus, R. Teed, S. Bodapati, Y. Dollberg, B. T. Khuri-Yakub, M. S. Blumenkranz, D. M. Moshfeghi, and S. S. Gambhir, “Photoacoustic ocular imaging,” Opt. Lett.35(3), 270–272 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
30. American National Standards Institute (ANSI), “American national standard for the safe use of lasers,” Standard Z136.1–2007 (Laser Institute of America, Orlando, FL, 2007).
31. M. H. Xu and L. V. Wang, “Time-domain reconstruction for thermoacoustic tomography in a spherical geometry,” IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging21(7), 814–822 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Appl. Opt.

• G. Ku, X. D. Wang, X. Y. Xie, G. Stoica, and L. V. Wang, “Imaging of tumor angiogenesis in rat brains in vivo by photoacoustic tomography,” Appl. Opt.44(5), 770–775 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Appl. Phys. Lett.

• Z. Yuan and H. Jiang, “Quantitative photoacoustic tomography: Recovery of optical absorption coefficient maps of heterogeneous media,” Appl. Phys. Lett.88(23), 231101 (2006). [CrossRef]

Arch. Ophthalmol.

• T. D. LoBue, T. A. Deutsch, J. Lobick, and D. A. Turner, “Detection and localization of nonmetallic intraocular foreign bodies by magnetic resonance imaging,” Arch. Ophthalmol.106(2), 260–261 (1988). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Can. J. Ophthalmol.

• D. DeAngelis, M. Howcroft, and I. Aslanides, “Siderosis bulbi with an undetectable intraocular foreign body,” Can. J. Ophthalmol.34(6), 341–342 (1999). [PubMed]

IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging

• M. H. Xu and L. V. Wang, “Time-domain reconstruction for thermoacoustic tomography in a spherical geometry,” IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging21(7), 814–822 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

J. Biomed. Opt.

• X. Cai, C. Kim, M. Pramanik, and L. V. Wang, “Photoacoustic tomography of foreign bodies in soft biological tissue,” J. Biomed. Opt.16(4), 046017–046021 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• J. Staley, P. Grogan, A. K. Samadi, H. Z. Cui, M. S. Cohen, and X. M. Yang, “Growth of melanoma brain tumors monitored by photoacoustic microscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt.15(4), 040510 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

J. Emerg. Med.

• C. S. Crystal, D. A. Masneri, J. S. Hellums, D. W. Kaylor, S. E. Young, M. A. Miller, and M. E. Levsky, “Bedside ultrasound for the detection of soft tissue foreign bodies: A cadaveric study,” J. Emerg. Med.36(4), 377–380 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Med. Phys.

• L. M. Zeng, D. Xing, H. M. Gu, D. W. Yang, S. H. Yang, and L. Z. Xiang, “High antinoise photoacoustic tomography based on a modified filtered back projection algorithm with combination wavelet,” Med. Phys.34(2), 556–563 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Med. Phys. Lett.

• Q. Zh. Zhu, X. R. Ji, and D. Xing, “Full-field 3D photoacoustic imaging based on a plane transducer array and spatial phrase-controlled algorithm,” Med. Phys. Lett.38(3), 1561–1566 (2011).

Nano Lett.

• A. Zerda, Z. Liu, S. Bodapati, R. Teed, S. Vaithilingam, B. T. Khuri-Yakub, X. Chen, H. Dai, and S. S. Gambhir, “Ultrahigh sensitivity carbon nanotube agents for photoacoustic molecular imaging in living mice,” Nano Lett.10(6), 2168–2172 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Nat. Nanotechnol.

• E. I. Galanzha, E. V. Shashkov, T. Kelly, J. W. Kim, L. Yang, and V. P. Zharov, “In vivo magnetic enrichment and multiplex photoacoustic detection of circulating tumour cells,” Nat. Nanotechnol.4(12), 855–860 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Opt. Express

• Z. Yuan, Q. Wang, and H. Jiang, “Reconstruction of optical absorption coefficient maps of heterogeneous media by photoacoustic tomography coupled with diffusion equation based regularized Newton Method,” Opt. Express15(26), 18076–18081 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• D. W. Yang, D. Xing, S. H. Yang, and L. Z. Xiang, “Fast full-view photoacoustic imaging by combined scanning with a linear transducer array,” Opt. Express15(23), 15566–15575 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• M. Roumeliotis, P. Ephrat, J. Patrick, and J. J. L. Carson, “Development and characterization of an omnidirectional photoacoustic point source for calibration of a staring 3D photoacoustic imaging system,” Opt. Express17(17), 15228–15238 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• R. Olafsson, D. R. Bauer, L. G. Montilla, and R. S. Witte, “Real-time, contrast enhanced photoacoustic imaging of cancer in a mouse window chamber,” Opt. Express18(18), 18625–18632 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• J. Gamelin, A. Maurudis, A. Aguirre, F. Huang, P. Y. Guo, L. V. Wang, and Q. Zhu, “A real-time photoacoustic tomography system for small animals,” Opt. Express17(13), 10489–10498 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• S. Jiao, M. Jiang, J. Hu, A. Fawzi, Q. Zhou, K. K. Shung, C. A. Puliafito, and H. F. Zhang, “Photoacoustic ophthalmoscopy for in vivo retinal imaging,” Opt. Express18(4), 3967–3972 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Opt. Lett.

• A. de la Zerda, Y. M. Paulus, R. Teed, S. Bodapati, Y. Dollberg, B. T. Khuri-Yakub, M. S. Blumenkranz, D. M. Moshfeghi, and S. S. Gambhir, “Photoacoustic ocular imaging,” Opt. Lett.35(3), 270–272 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• S. Hu, B. Rao, K. Maslov, and L. V. Wang, “Label-free photoacoustic ophthalmic angiography,” Opt. Lett.35(1), 1–3 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• K. Homan, S. Kim, Y. S. Chen, B. Wang, S. Mallidi, and S. Emelianov, “Prospects of molecular photoacoustic imaging at 1064 nm wavelength,” Opt. Lett.35(15), 2663–2665 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• Y. Wang, S. Hu, K. Maslov, Y. Zhang, Y. N. Xia, and L. V. Wang, “In vivo integrated photoacoustic and confocal microscopy of hemoglobin oxygen saturation and oxygen partial pressure,” Opt. Lett.36(7), 1029–1031 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• X. D. Wang, G. Ku, M. A. Wegiel, D. J. Bornhop, G. Stoica, and L. V. Wang, “Noninvasive photoacoustic angiography of animal brains in vivo with near-infrared light and an optical contrast agent,” Opt. Lett.29(7), 730–732 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• X. D. Wang, Y. J. Pang, G. Ku, G. Stoica, and L. V. Wang, “Three-dimensional laser-induced photoacoustic tomography of mouse brain with the skin and skull intact,” Opt. Lett.28(19), 1739–1741 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Oral Surg.,Oral Med.,Oral Pathol., Oral Radiol. Endodontol.

• P. J. Holmes, J. R. Miller, R. Gutta, and P. J. Louis, “Intraoperative imaging techniques: A guide to retrieval of foreign bodies,” Oral Surg.,Oral Med.,Oral Pathol., Oral Radiol. Endodontol.100(5), 614–618 (2005). [CrossRef]

Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. A.

• C. Kim, T. N. Erpelding, L. Jankovic, and L. V. Wang, “Performance benchmarks of an array-based hand-held Photoacoustic probe adapted from a clinical ultrasound system for noninvasive sentinel lymph node imaging,” Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. A.369(1955), 4644–4650 (2011). [CrossRef]

Phys. Med. Biol.

• Y. Wang, D. Xing, Y. G. Zeng, and Q. Chen, “Photoacoustic imaging with deconvolution algorithm,” Phys. Med. Biol.49(14), 3117–3124 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Proc. SPIE

• S. A. Ermilov, R. Gharieb, A. Conjusteau, and A. A. Oraevsky, “Hybrid optoacoustic and ultrasonic imaging system for detection of prostate malignancies,” Proc. SPIE6856, 68560T (2008).
• B. T. Cox, S. R. Arridge, K. P. K¨ostli, and P. C. Beard, “Quantitative photoacoustic imaging: fitting a model of light transport to the initial pressure distribution,” Proc. SPIE5697, 49–55 (2005). [CrossRef]

Other

• S. A. Ermilov, A. Coniusteau, K. Mehta, R. Lacewell, P. M. Henrichs, and A. A. Oraevsky, “128-channel laser optoacoustic imaging system for breast cancer diagnostics,” Proc. SPIE 6086, 608609 (2006).
• American National Standards Institute (ANSI), “American national standard for the safe use of lasers,” Standard Z136.1–2007 (Laser Institute of America, Orlando, FL, 2007).

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