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Effect of laser pulse energy on orthogonal double femtosecond pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Xiaoliang Liu, Shaohua Sun, Xiaoshan Wang, Zuoye Liu, Qingcao Liu, Pengji Ding, Zeqin Guo, and Bitao Hu

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Abstract

In this paper, the effect of laser pulse energy on orthogonal double femtosecond pulse laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) in air is studied. In the experiment, the energy of the probe pulse is changeable, while the pump pulse energy is held constant. At the same time, a systematic study of the laser induced breakdown spectroscopy signal dependence on the inter-pulse delay between the two pulses is performed. It is noted that the double pulse orthogonal configuration yields 2–32 times signal enhancement for the ionic and atomic lines as compared to the single pulse LIBS spectra when an optimum temporal separation between the two pulses is used, while there is no significant signal enhancement for the molecular lines in the studied range of the delay. It is also noted that the dependence of the enhancement factor for ionic and atomic lines on the inter-pulse delay can be fitted by Gaussian function. Furthermore, the electron temperature obtained by the relative line-to-continuum intensity ratio method was used to explain the LIBS signal enhancement.

© 2013 Optical Society of America

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Figures (7)
Fig. 1
Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the experimental setup, BS, beam-splitter; M1–8, 810 nm high-reflection mirrors; M9, 270 nm high-reflection mirrors; WP, 1/2 wave plate; GP, Glan polarizer; L1–4, focusing lenses; BBO, Beta-Bariume Borate Crystal.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 The LIBS spectra from air spark, in the case of the DP and SP scheme.

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 The DP-LIBS spectra from air spark with different inter-pulse delays at the fixed probe pulse energy E2=1.0 mJ.

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 Lorentzian fitting of the stark broadened profile for N II 500.5 nm at inter-pulse delay 0 fs in the DP-LIBS scheme. The ratio of the integrated spectral line intensity (A) and continuum intensity (y0) at the center wavelength were used for the calculation of electron temperature.

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5 Influence of the inter-pulse delay, on the signal enhancement factor for several emission lines in the DP-LIBS measurements with all cases of probe pulse energy. (a), (b), (c) and (d) indicate the results of the spectra of 777.2, 746.8, 656.2 and 500.5 nm, respectively.

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Fig. 6
Fig. 6 The variation of signal enhancement factor (IDP/ISP) as a function of laser pulses energies ratio (E2/E1). With the inter-pulse delay between the two pulses is 0 fs in all the cases.

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Fig. 7
Fig. 7 The time-averaged electron temperature as a function of the inter-pulse delay between the two laser pulses in the DP-LIBS measurements with the probe pulse energy E2 = 1.0 mJ. The insert shows the relation between the signal enhancement factor of N II 500.5 nm line and the electron temperature within the inter-pulse delay range of −200 fs to 0 fs.

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Tables (1)

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Table 1 The FWHM for various emission lines observed in the LIBS spectra corresponding to different probe pulse energies.

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Equations (3)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

y = y 0 + 2 A π w 4 ( x − x c ) + w 2
ε l ε c = C r A k i g k U i λ c 2 λ l T e exp [ ( E i − E k − Δ E i ) / k T e ] ξ [ 1 − exp ( − h c / λ k T e ) ] + G [ exp ( − h c / λ k T e ) ]
I D P I S P = N D P N S P U ( T S P ) U ( T D P ) exp ( − E k * k ( 1 T D P − 1 T S P ) )
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