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Free space laser communication experiments from Earth to the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter in lunar orbitXiaoli Sun, David R. Skillman, Evan D. Hoffman, Dandan Mao, Jan F. McGarry, Leva McIntire, Ronald S. Zellar, Frederic M. Davidson, Wai H. Fong, Michael A. Krainak, Gregory A. Neumann, Maria T. Zuber, and David E. Smith »View Author Affiliations
Xiaoli Sun,1,*
David R. Skillman,1
Evan D. Hoffman,2
Dandan Mao,3
Jan F. McGarry,1
Leva McIntire,4
Ronald S. Zellar,1
Frederic M. Davidson,5
Wai H. Fong,1
Michael A. Krainak,1
Gregory A. Neumann,1
Maria T. Zuber,6
and David E. Smith1,6
1NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 694/599/567/554/698, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA 2Honeywell Technology Solutions Inc., Columbia, MD 21046, USA 3Sigma Space Corp., Lanham, MD 20706, USA 4Catholic University of America, Washington DC 20064, USA 5Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA 6Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA *Corresponding author: xiaoli.sun-1@nasa.gov |
Optics Express, Vol. 21, Issue 2, pp. 1865-1871 (2013)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.21.001865
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Abstract
Laser communication and ranging experiments were successfully conducted from the satellite laser ranging (SLR) station at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) to the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) in lunar orbit. The experiments used 4096-ary pulse position modulation (PPM) for the laser pulses during one-way LRO Laser Ranging (LR) operations. Reed-Solomon forward error correction codes were used to correct the PPM symbol errors due to atmosphere turbulence and pointing jitter. The signal fading was measured and the results were compared to the model.
© 2013 OSA
OCIS Codes
(280.3400) Remote sensing and sensors : Laser range finder
(060.2605) Fiber optics and optical communications : Free-space optical communication
ToC Category:
Fiber Optics and Optical Communications
History
Original Manuscript: October 5, 2012
Revised Manuscript: December 26, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: December 31, 2012
Published: January 17, 2013
Citation
Xiaoli Sun, David R. Skillman, Evan D. Hoffman, Dandan Mao, Jan F. McGarry, Leva McIntire, Ronald S. Zellar, Frederic M. Davidson, Wai H. Fong, Michael A. Krainak, Gregory A. Neumann, Maria T. Zuber, and David E. Smith, "Free space laser communication experiments from Earth to the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter in lunar orbit," Opt. Express 21, 1865-1871 (2013)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-21-2-1865
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- D. E. Smith, M. T. Zuber, G. B. Jackson, J. F. Cavanaugh, G. A. Neumann, H. Riris, X. Sun, R. S. Zellar, C. Coltharp, J. Connelly, R. B. Katz, I. Kleyner, P. Liiva, A. Matuszeski, E. M. Mazarico, J. F. McGarry, A.-M. Novo-Gradac, M. N. Ott, C. Peters, L. A. Ramos-Izquierdo, L. Ramsey, D. D. Rowlands, S. Schmidt, V. S. Scott, G. B. Shaw, J. C. Smith, J.-P. Swinski, M. H. Torrence, G. Unger, A. W. Yu, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “The Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter investigation on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter mission,” Space Sci. Rev.150(1-4), 209–241 (2010). [CrossRef]
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- D. E. Smith, M. T. Zuber, G. B. Jackson, J. F. Cavanaugh, G. A. Neumann, H. Riris, X. Sun, R. S. Zellar, C. Coltharp, J. Connelly, R. B. Katz, I. Kleyner, P. Liiva, A. Matuszeski, E. M. Mazarico, J. F. McGarry, A.-M. Novo-Gradac, M. N. Ott, C. Peters, L. A. Ramos-Izquierdo, L. Ramsey, D. D. Rowlands, S. Schmidt, V. S. Scott, G. B. Shaw, J. C. Smith, J.-P. Swinski, M. H. Torrence, G. Unger, A. W. Yu, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “The Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter investigation on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter mission,” Space Sci. Rev.150(1-4), 209–241 (2010). [CrossRef]
- M. T. Zuber, D. E. Smith, R. S. Zellar, G. A. Neumann, X. Sun, R. B. Katz, I. Kleyner, A. Matuszeski, J. F. McGarry, M. N. Ott, L. A. Ramos-Izquierdo, D. D. Rowlands, M. H. Torrence, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Laser Ranging investigation,” Space Sci. Rev.150(1-4), 63–80 (2010). [CrossRef]
- B. Smutney, H. Kaempfner, G. Muehlnikel, U. Sterr, B. Wandernoth, F. Keine, U. Hildebrnad, D. Dallmann, M. Reinhardt, A. Freier, R. Lange, K. Boehmer, T. Feldhaus, J. Meuller, A. Weichert, P. Greulich, S. Seel, R. Meyer, and R. Czichy, “5.6 Gbps optical intersatellite communication link,” SPIE7199, 719906 (2009).
- M. T. Zuber, D. E. Smith, R. S. Zellar, G. A. Neumann, X. Sun, R. B. Katz, I. Kleyner, A. Matuszeski, J. F. McGarry, M. N. Ott, L. A. Ramos-Izquierdo, D. D. Rowlands, M. H. Torrence, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Laser Ranging investigation,” Space Sci. Rev.150(1-4), 63–80 (2010). [CrossRef]
- D. E. Smith, M. T. Zuber, G. B. Jackson, J. F. Cavanaugh, G. A. Neumann, H. Riris, X. Sun, R. S. Zellar, C. Coltharp, J. Connelly, R. B. Katz, I. Kleyner, P. Liiva, A. Matuszeski, E. M. Mazarico, J. F. McGarry, A.-M. Novo-Gradac, M. N. Ott, C. Peters, L. A. Ramos-Izquierdo, L. Ramsey, D. D. Rowlands, S. Schmidt, V. S. Scott, G. B. Shaw, J. C. Smith, J.-P. Swinski, M. H. Torrence, G. Unger, A. W. Yu, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “The Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter investigation on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter mission,” Space Sci. Rev.150(1-4), 209–241 (2010). [CrossRef]
- B. Smutney, H. Kaempfner, G. Muehlnikel, U. Sterr, B. Wandernoth, F. Keine, U. Hildebrnad, D. Dallmann, M. Reinhardt, A. Freier, R. Lange, K. Boehmer, T. Feldhaus, J. Meuller, A. Weichert, P. Greulich, S. Seel, R. Meyer, and R. Czichy, “5.6 Gbps optical intersatellite communication link,” SPIE7199, 719906 (2009).
- D. E. Smith, M. T. Zuber, G. B. Jackson, J. F. Cavanaugh, G. A. Neumann, H. Riris, X. Sun, R. S. Zellar, C. Coltharp, J. Connelly, R. B. Katz, I. Kleyner, P. Liiva, A. Matuszeski, E. M. Mazarico, J. F. McGarry, A.-M. Novo-Gradac, M. N. Ott, C. Peters, L. A. Ramos-Izquierdo, L. Ramsey, D. D. Rowlands, S. Schmidt, V. S. Scott, G. B. Shaw, J. C. Smith, J.-P. Swinski, M. H. Torrence, G. Unger, A. W. Yu, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “The Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter investigation on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter mission,” Space Sci. Rev.150(1-4), 209–241 (2010). [CrossRef]
- P. Villoresi, T. Jennewein, F. Tamburini, M. Aspelmeyer, C. Bonato, R. Ursin, C. Pernechele, V. Luceri, G. Bianco, A. Zeilinger, and C. Barbieri, “Experimental verification of the feasibility of a quantum channel between space and Earth,” New J. Phys.10(3), 033038 (2008). [CrossRef]
- D. E. Smith, M. T. Zuber, G. B. Jackson, J. F. Cavanaugh, G. A. Neumann, H. Riris, X. Sun, R. S. Zellar, C. Coltharp, J. Connelly, R. B. Katz, I. Kleyner, P. Liiva, A. Matuszeski, E. M. Mazarico, J. F. McGarry, A.-M. Novo-Gradac, M. N. Ott, C. Peters, L. A. Ramos-Izquierdo, L. Ramsey, D. D. Rowlands, S. Schmidt, V. S. Scott, G. B. Shaw, J. C. Smith, J.-P. Swinski, M. H. Torrence, G. Unger, A. W. Yu, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “The Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter investigation on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter mission,” Space Sci. Rev.150(1-4), 209–241 (2010). [CrossRef]
- M. T. Zuber, D. E. Smith, R. S. Zellar, G. A. Neumann, X. Sun, R. B. Katz, I. Kleyner, A. Matuszeski, J. F. McGarry, M. N. Ott, L. A. Ramos-Izquierdo, D. D. Rowlands, M. H. Torrence, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Laser Ranging investigation,” Space Sci. Rev.150(1-4), 63–80 (2010). [CrossRef]
- D. E. Smith, M. T. Zuber, G. B. Jackson, J. F. Cavanaugh, G. A. Neumann, H. Riris, X. Sun, R. S. Zellar, C. Coltharp, J. Connelly, R. B. Katz, I. Kleyner, P. Liiva, A. Matuszeski, E. M. Mazarico, J. F. McGarry, A.-M. Novo-Gradac, M. N. Ott, C. Peters, L. A. Ramos-Izquierdo, L. Ramsey, D. D. Rowlands, S. Schmidt, V. S. Scott, G. B. Shaw, J. C. Smith, J.-P. Swinski, M. H. Torrence, G. Unger, A. W. Yu, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “The Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter investigation on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter mission,” Space Sci. Rev.150(1-4), 209–241 (2010). [CrossRef]
- D. E. Smith, M. T. Zuber, G. B. Jackson, J. F. Cavanaugh, G. A. Neumann, H. Riris, X. Sun, R. S. Zellar, C. Coltharp, J. Connelly, R. B. Katz, I. Kleyner, P. Liiva, A. Matuszeski, E. M. Mazarico, J. F. McGarry, A.-M. Novo-Gradac, M. N. Ott, C. Peters, L. A. Ramos-Izquierdo, L. Ramsey, D. D. Rowlands, S. Schmidt, V. S. Scott, G. B. Shaw, J. C. Smith, J.-P. Swinski, M. H. Torrence, G. Unger, A. W. Yu, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “The Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter investigation on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter mission,” Space Sci. Rev.150(1-4), 209–241 (2010). [CrossRef]
- M. T. Zuber, D. E. Smith, R. S. Zellar, G. A. Neumann, X. Sun, R. B. Katz, I. Kleyner, A. Matuszeski, J. F. McGarry, M. N. Ott, L. A. Ramos-Izquierdo, D. D. Rowlands, M. H. Torrence, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Laser Ranging investigation,” Space Sci. Rev.150(1-4), 63–80 (2010). [CrossRef]
- D. E. Smith, M. T. Zuber, X. Sun, G. A. Neumann, J. F. Cavanaugh, J. F. McGarry, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “Two-way laser link over interplanetary distance,” Science311(5757), 53 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Smutney, H. Kaempfner, G. Muehlnikel, U. Sterr, B. Wandernoth, F. Keine, U. Hildebrnad, D. Dallmann, M. Reinhardt, A. Freier, R. Lange, K. Boehmer, T. Feldhaus, J. Meuller, A. Weichert, P. Greulich, S. Seel, R. Meyer, and R. Czichy, “5.6 Gbps optical intersatellite communication link,” SPIE7199, 719906 (2009).
- B. Smutney, H. Kaempfner, G. Muehlnikel, U. Sterr, B. Wandernoth, F. Keine, U. Hildebrnad, D. Dallmann, M. Reinhardt, A. Freier, R. Lange, K. Boehmer, T. Feldhaus, J. Meuller, A. Weichert, P. Greulich, S. Seel, R. Meyer, and R. Czichy, “5.6 Gbps optical intersatellite communication link,” SPIE7199, 719906 (2009).
- B. Smutney, H. Kaempfner, G. Muehlnikel, U. Sterr, B. Wandernoth, F. Keine, U. Hildebrnad, D. Dallmann, M. Reinhardt, A. Freier, R. Lange, K. Boehmer, T. Feldhaus, J. Meuller, A. Weichert, P. Greulich, S. Seel, R. Meyer, and R. Czichy, “5.6 Gbps optical intersatellite communication link,” SPIE7199, 719906 (2009).
- D. M. Boroson, B. S. Robinson, D. A. Burianek, D. V. Murphy, and A. Biswas, “Overview and status of the Lunar Laser Communications Demonstration,” SPIE8246, 82460C, 82460C-10 (2012). [CrossRef]
- M. T. Zuber, D. E. Smith, R. S. Zellar, G. A. Neumann, X. Sun, R. B. Katz, I. Kleyner, A. Matuszeski, J. F. McGarry, M. N. Ott, L. A. Ramos-Izquierdo, D. D. Rowlands, M. H. Torrence, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Laser Ranging investigation,” Space Sci. Rev.150(1-4), 63–80 (2010). [CrossRef]
- D. E. Smith, M. T. Zuber, G. B. Jackson, J. F. Cavanaugh, G. A. Neumann, H. Riris, X. Sun, R. S. Zellar, C. Coltharp, J. Connelly, R. B. Katz, I. Kleyner, P. Liiva, A. Matuszeski, E. M. Mazarico, J. F. McGarry, A.-M. Novo-Gradac, M. N. Ott, C. Peters, L. A. Ramos-Izquierdo, L. Ramsey, D. D. Rowlands, S. Schmidt, V. S. Scott, G. B. Shaw, J. C. Smith, J.-P. Swinski, M. H. Torrence, G. Unger, A. W. Yu, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “The Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter investigation on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter mission,” Space Sci. Rev.150(1-4), 209–241 (2010). [CrossRef]
- D. E. Smith, M. T. Zuber, X. Sun, G. A. Neumann, J. F. Cavanaugh, J. F. McGarry, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “Two-way laser link over interplanetary distance,” Science311(5757), 53 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. E. Smith, M. T. Zuber, G. B. Jackson, J. F. Cavanaugh, G. A. Neumann, H. Riris, X. Sun, R. S. Zellar, C. Coltharp, J. Connelly, R. B. Katz, I. Kleyner, P. Liiva, A. Matuszeski, E. M. Mazarico, J. F. McGarry, A.-M. Novo-Gradac, M. N. Ott, C. Peters, L. A. Ramos-Izquierdo, L. Ramsey, D. D. Rowlands, S. Schmidt, V. S. Scott, G. B. Shaw, J. C. Smith, J.-P. Swinski, M. H. Torrence, G. Unger, A. W. Yu, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “The Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter investigation on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter mission,” Space Sci. Rev.150(1-4), 209–241 (2010). [CrossRef]
- D. E. Smith, M. T. Zuber, G. B. Jackson, J. F. Cavanaugh, G. A. Neumann, H. Riris, X. Sun, R. S. Zellar, C. Coltharp, J. Connelly, R. B. Katz, I. Kleyner, P. Liiva, A. Matuszeski, E. M. Mazarico, J. F. McGarry, A.-M. Novo-Gradac, M. N. Ott, C. Peters, L. A. Ramos-Izquierdo, L. Ramsey, D. D. Rowlands, S. Schmidt, V. S. Scott, G. B. Shaw, J. C. Smith, J.-P. Swinski, M. H. Torrence, G. Unger, A. W. Yu, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “The Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter investigation on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter mission,” Space Sci. Rev.150(1-4), 209–241 (2010). [CrossRef]
- M. T. Zuber, D. E. Smith, R. S. Zellar, G. A. Neumann, X. Sun, R. B. Katz, I. Kleyner, A. Matuszeski, J. F. McGarry, M. N. Ott, L. A. Ramos-Izquierdo, D. D. Rowlands, M. H. Torrence, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Laser Ranging investigation,” Space Sci. Rev.150(1-4), 63–80 (2010). [CrossRef]
- P. Villoresi, T. Jennewein, F. Tamburini, M. Aspelmeyer, C. Bonato, R. Ursin, C. Pernechele, V. Luceri, G. Bianco, A. Zeilinger, and C. Barbieri, “Experimental verification of the feasibility of a quantum channel between space and Earth,” New J. Phys.10(3), 033038 (2008). [CrossRef]
- D. E. Smith, M. T. Zuber, G. B. Jackson, J. F. Cavanaugh, G. A. Neumann, H. Riris, X. Sun, R. S. Zellar, C. Coltharp, J. Connelly, R. B. Katz, I. Kleyner, P. Liiva, A. Matuszeski, E. M. Mazarico, J. F. McGarry, A.-M. Novo-Gradac, M. N. Ott, C. Peters, L. A. Ramos-Izquierdo, L. Ramsey, D. D. Rowlands, S. Schmidt, V. S. Scott, G. B. Shaw, J. C. Smith, J.-P. Swinski, M. H. Torrence, G. Unger, A. W. Yu, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “The Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter investigation on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter mission,” Space Sci. Rev.150(1-4), 209–241 (2010). [CrossRef]
- D. E. Smith, M. T. Zuber, G. B. Jackson, J. F. Cavanaugh, G. A. Neumann, H. Riris, X. Sun, R. S. Zellar, C. Coltharp, J. Connelly, R. B. Katz, I. Kleyner, P. Liiva, A. Matuszeski, E. M. Mazarico, J. F. McGarry, A.-M. Novo-Gradac, M. N. Ott, C. Peters, L. A. Ramos-Izquierdo, L. Ramsey, D. D. Rowlands, S. Schmidt, V. S. Scott, G. B. Shaw, J. C. Smith, J.-P. Swinski, M. H. Torrence, G. Unger, A. W. Yu, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “The Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter investigation on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter mission,” Space Sci. Rev.150(1-4), 209–241 (2010). [CrossRef]
- M. T. Zuber, D. E. Smith, R. S. Zellar, G. A. Neumann, X. Sun, R. B. Katz, I. Kleyner, A. Matuszeski, J. F. McGarry, M. N. Ott, L. A. Ramos-Izquierdo, D. D. Rowlands, M. H. Torrence, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Laser Ranging investigation,” Space Sci. Rev.150(1-4), 63–80 (2010). [CrossRef]
- D. E. Smith, M. T. Zuber, G. B. Jackson, J. F. Cavanaugh, G. A. Neumann, H. Riris, X. Sun, R. S. Zellar, C. Coltharp, J. Connelly, R. B. Katz, I. Kleyner, P. Liiva, A. Matuszeski, E. M. Mazarico, J. F. McGarry, A.-M. Novo-Gradac, M. N. Ott, C. Peters, L. A. Ramos-Izquierdo, L. Ramsey, D. D. Rowlands, S. Schmidt, V. S. Scott, G. B. Shaw, J. C. Smith, J.-P. Swinski, M. H. Torrence, G. Unger, A. W. Yu, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “The Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter investigation on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter mission,” Space Sci. Rev.150(1-4), 209–241 (2010). [CrossRef]
- B. Smutney, H. Kaempfner, G. Muehlnikel, U. Sterr, B. Wandernoth, F. Keine, U. Hildebrnad, D. Dallmann, M. Reinhardt, A. Freier, R. Lange, K. Boehmer, T. Feldhaus, J. Meuller, A. Weichert, P. Greulich, S. Seel, R. Meyer, and R. Czichy, “5.6 Gbps optical intersatellite communication link,” SPIE7199, 719906 (2009).
- D. E. Smith, M. T. Zuber, G. B. Jackson, J. F. Cavanaugh, G. A. Neumann, H. Riris, X. Sun, R. S. Zellar, C. Coltharp, J. Connelly, R. B. Katz, I. Kleyner, P. Liiva, A. Matuszeski, E. M. Mazarico, J. F. McGarry, A.-M. Novo-Gradac, M. N. Ott, C. Peters, L. A. Ramos-Izquierdo, L. Ramsey, D. D. Rowlands, S. Schmidt, V. S. Scott, G. B. Shaw, J. C. Smith, J.-P. Swinski, M. H. Torrence, G. Unger, A. W. Yu, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “The Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter investigation on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter mission,” Space Sci. Rev.150(1-4), 209–241 (2010). [CrossRef]
- D. M. Boroson, B. S. Robinson, D. A. Burianek, D. V. Murphy, and A. Biswas, “Overview and status of the Lunar Laser Communications Demonstration,” SPIE8246, 82460C, 82460C-10 (2012). [CrossRef]
- D. E. Smith, M. T. Zuber, G. B. Jackson, J. F. Cavanaugh, G. A. Neumann, H. Riris, X. Sun, R. S. Zellar, C. Coltharp, J. Connelly, R. B. Katz, I. Kleyner, P. Liiva, A. Matuszeski, E. M. Mazarico, J. F. McGarry, A.-M. Novo-Gradac, M. N. Ott, C. Peters, L. A. Ramos-Izquierdo, L. Ramsey, D. D. Rowlands, S. Schmidt, V. S. Scott, G. B. Shaw, J. C. Smith, J.-P. Swinski, M. H. Torrence, G. Unger, A. W. Yu, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “The Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter investigation on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter mission,” Space Sci. Rev.150(1-4), 209–241 (2010). [CrossRef]
- M. T. Zuber, D. E. Smith, R. S. Zellar, G. A. Neumann, X. Sun, R. B. Katz, I. Kleyner, A. Matuszeski, J. F. McGarry, M. N. Ott, L. A. Ramos-Izquierdo, D. D. Rowlands, M. H. Torrence, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Laser Ranging investigation,” Space Sci. Rev.150(1-4), 63–80 (2010). [CrossRef]
- D. E. Smith, M. T. Zuber, G. B. Jackson, J. F. Cavanaugh, G. A. Neumann, H. Riris, X. Sun, R. S. Zellar, C. Coltharp, J. Connelly, R. B. Katz, I. Kleyner, P. Liiva, A. Matuszeski, E. M. Mazarico, J. F. McGarry, A.-M. Novo-Gradac, M. N. Ott, C. Peters, L. A. Ramos-Izquierdo, L. Ramsey, D. D. Rowlands, S. Schmidt, V. S. Scott, G. B. Shaw, J. C. Smith, J.-P. Swinski, M. H. Torrence, G. Unger, A. W. Yu, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “The Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter investigation on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter mission,” Space Sci. Rev.150(1-4), 209–241 (2010). [CrossRef]
- D. E. Smith, M. T. Zuber, G. B. Jackson, J. F. Cavanaugh, G. A. Neumann, H. Riris, X. Sun, R. S. Zellar, C. Coltharp, J. Connelly, R. B. Katz, I. Kleyner, P. Liiva, A. Matuszeski, E. M. Mazarico, J. F. McGarry, A.-M. Novo-Gradac, M. N. Ott, C. Peters, L. A. Ramos-Izquierdo, L. Ramsey, D. D. Rowlands, S. Schmidt, V. S. Scott, G. B. Shaw, J. C. Smith, J.-P. Swinski, M. H. Torrence, G. Unger, A. W. Yu, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “The Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter investigation on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter mission,” Space Sci. Rev.150(1-4), 209–241 (2010). [CrossRef]
- B. Smutney, H. Kaempfner, G. Muehlnikel, U. Sterr, B. Wandernoth, F. Keine, U. Hildebrnad, D. Dallmann, M. Reinhardt, A. Freier, R. Lange, K. Boehmer, T. Feldhaus, J. Meuller, A. Weichert, P. Greulich, S. Seel, R. Meyer, and R. Czichy, “5.6 Gbps optical intersatellite communication link,” SPIE7199, 719906 (2009).
- D. E. Smith, M. T. Zuber, G. B. Jackson, J. F. Cavanaugh, G. A. Neumann, H. Riris, X. Sun, R. S. Zellar, C. Coltharp, J. Connelly, R. B. Katz, I. Kleyner, P. Liiva, A. Matuszeski, E. M. Mazarico, J. F. McGarry, A.-M. Novo-Gradac, M. N. Ott, C. Peters, L. A. Ramos-Izquierdo, L. Ramsey, D. D. Rowlands, S. Schmidt, V. S. Scott, G. B. Shaw, J. C. Smith, J.-P. Swinski, M. H. Torrence, G. Unger, A. W. Yu, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “The Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter investigation on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter mission,” Space Sci. Rev.150(1-4), 209–241 (2010). [CrossRef]
- M. T. Zuber, D. E. Smith, R. S. Zellar, G. A. Neumann, X. Sun, R. B. Katz, I. Kleyner, A. Matuszeski, J. F. McGarry, M. N. Ott, L. A. Ramos-Izquierdo, D. D. Rowlands, M. H. Torrence, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Laser Ranging investigation,” Space Sci. Rev.150(1-4), 63–80 (2010). [CrossRef]
- D. E. Smith, M. T. Zuber, G. B. Jackson, J. F. Cavanaugh, G. A. Neumann, H. Riris, X. Sun, R. S. Zellar, C. Coltharp, J. Connelly, R. B. Katz, I. Kleyner, P. Liiva, A. Matuszeski, E. M. Mazarico, J. F. McGarry, A.-M. Novo-Gradac, M. N. Ott, C. Peters, L. A. Ramos-Izquierdo, L. Ramsey, D. D. Rowlands, S. Schmidt, V. S. Scott, G. B. Shaw, J. C. Smith, J.-P. Swinski, M. H. Torrence, G. Unger, A. W. Yu, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “The Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter investigation on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter mission,” Space Sci. Rev.150(1-4), 209–241 (2010). [CrossRef]
- D. E. Smith, M. T. Zuber, X. Sun, G. A. Neumann, J. F. Cavanaugh, J. F. McGarry, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “Two-way laser link over interplanetary distance,” Science311(5757), 53 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. E. Smith, M. T. Zuber, G. B. Jackson, J. F. Cavanaugh, G. A. Neumann, H. Riris, X. Sun, R. S. Zellar, C. Coltharp, J. Connelly, R. B. Katz, I. Kleyner, P. Liiva, A. Matuszeski, E. M. Mazarico, J. F. McGarry, A.-M. Novo-Gradac, M. N. Ott, C. Peters, L. A. Ramos-Izquierdo, L. Ramsey, D. D. Rowlands, S. Schmidt, V. S. Scott, G. B. Shaw, J. C. Smith, J.-P. Swinski, M. H. Torrence, G. Unger, A. W. Yu, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “The Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter investigation on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter mission,” Space Sci. Rev.150(1-4), 209–241 (2010). [CrossRef]
- B. Smutney, H. Kaempfner, G. Muehlnikel, U. Sterr, B. Wandernoth, F. Keine, U. Hildebrnad, D. Dallmann, M. Reinhardt, A. Freier, R. Lange, K. Boehmer, T. Feldhaus, J. Meuller, A. Weichert, P. Greulich, S. Seel, R. Meyer, and R. Czichy, “5.6 Gbps optical intersatellite communication link,” SPIE7199, 719906 (2009).
- B. Smutney, H. Kaempfner, G. Muehlnikel, U. Sterr, B. Wandernoth, F. Keine, U. Hildebrnad, D. Dallmann, M. Reinhardt, A. Freier, R. Lange, K. Boehmer, T. Feldhaus, J. Meuller, A. Weichert, P. Greulich, S. Seel, R. Meyer, and R. Czichy, “5.6 Gbps optical intersatellite communication link,” SPIE7199, 719906 (2009).
- M. T. Zuber, D. E. Smith, R. S. Zellar, G. A. Neumann, X. Sun, R. B. Katz, I. Kleyner, A. Matuszeski, J. F. McGarry, M. N. Ott, L. A. Ramos-Izquierdo, D. D. Rowlands, M. H. Torrence, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Laser Ranging investigation,” Space Sci. Rev.150(1-4), 63–80 (2010). [CrossRef]
- D. E. Smith, M. T. Zuber, G. B. Jackson, J. F. Cavanaugh, G. A. Neumann, H. Riris, X. Sun, R. S. Zellar, C. Coltharp, J. Connelly, R. B. Katz, I. Kleyner, P. Liiva, A. Matuszeski, E. M. Mazarico, J. F. McGarry, A.-M. Novo-Gradac, M. N. Ott, C. Peters, L. A. Ramos-Izquierdo, L. Ramsey, D. D. Rowlands, S. Schmidt, V. S. Scott, G. B. Shaw, J. C. Smith, J.-P. Swinski, M. H. Torrence, G. Unger, A. W. Yu, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “The Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter investigation on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter mission,” Space Sci. Rev.150(1-4), 209–241 (2010). [CrossRef]
- D. E. Smith, M. T. Zuber, X. Sun, G. A. Neumann, J. F. Cavanaugh, J. F. McGarry, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “Two-way laser link over interplanetary distance,” Science311(5757), 53 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. E. Smith, M. T. Zuber, G. B. Jackson, J. F. Cavanaugh, G. A. Neumann, H. Riris, X. Sun, R. S. Zellar, C. Coltharp, J. Connelly, R. B. Katz, I. Kleyner, P. Liiva, A. Matuszeski, E. M. Mazarico, J. F. McGarry, A.-M. Novo-Gradac, M. N. Ott, C. Peters, L. A. Ramos-Izquierdo, L. Ramsey, D. D. Rowlands, S. Schmidt, V. S. Scott, G. B. Shaw, J. C. Smith, J.-P. Swinski, M. H. Torrence, G. Unger, A. W. Yu, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “The Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter investigation on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter mission,” Space Sci. Rev.150(1-4), 209–241 (2010). [CrossRef]
- P. Villoresi, T. Jennewein, F. Tamburini, M. Aspelmeyer, C. Bonato, R. Ursin, C. Pernechele, V. Luceri, G. Bianco, A. Zeilinger, and C. Barbieri, “Experimental verification of the feasibility of a quantum channel between space and Earth,” New J. Phys.10(3), 033038 (2008). [CrossRef]
- D. E. Smith, M. T. Zuber, G. B. Jackson, J. F. Cavanaugh, G. A. Neumann, H. Riris, X. Sun, R. S. Zellar, C. Coltharp, J. Connelly, R. B. Katz, I. Kleyner, P. Liiva, A. Matuszeski, E. M. Mazarico, J. F. McGarry, A.-M. Novo-Gradac, M. N. Ott, C. Peters, L. A. Ramos-Izquierdo, L. Ramsey, D. D. Rowlands, S. Schmidt, V. S. Scott, G. B. Shaw, J. C. Smith, J.-P. Swinski, M. H. Torrence, G. Unger, A. W. Yu, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “The Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter investigation on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter mission,” Space Sci. Rev.150(1-4), 209–241 (2010). [CrossRef]
- M. T. Zuber, D. E. Smith, R. S. Zellar, G. A. Neumann, X. Sun, R. B. Katz, I. Kleyner, A. Matuszeski, J. F. McGarry, M. N. Ott, L. A. Ramos-Izquierdo, D. D. Rowlands, M. H. Torrence, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Laser Ranging investigation,” Space Sci. Rev.150(1-4), 63–80 (2010). [CrossRef]
- D. E. Smith, M. T. Zuber, G. B. Jackson, J. F. Cavanaugh, G. A. Neumann, H. Riris, X. Sun, R. S. Zellar, C. Coltharp, J. Connelly, R. B. Katz, I. Kleyner, P. Liiva, A. Matuszeski, E. M. Mazarico, J. F. McGarry, A.-M. Novo-Gradac, M. N. Ott, C. Peters, L. A. Ramos-Izquierdo, L. Ramsey, D. D. Rowlands, S. Schmidt, V. S. Scott, G. B. Shaw, J. C. Smith, J.-P. Swinski, M. H. Torrence, G. Unger, A. W. Yu, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “The Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter investigation on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter mission,” Space Sci. Rev.150(1-4), 209–241 (2010). [CrossRef]
- P. Villoresi, T. Jennewein, F. Tamburini, M. Aspelmeyer, C. Bonato, R. Ursin, C. Pernechele, V. Luceri, G. Bianco, A. Zeilinger, and C. Barbieri, “Experimental verification of the feasibility of a quantum channel between space and Earth,” New J. Phys.10(3), 033038 (2008). [CrossRef]
- P. Villoresi, T. Jennewein, F. Tamburini, M. Aspelmeyer, C. Bonato, R. Ursin, C. Pernechele, V. Luceri, G. Bianco, A. Zeilinger, and C. Barbieri, “Experimental verification of the feasibility of a quantum channel between space and Earth,” New J. Phys.10(3), 033038 (2008). [CrossRef]
- B. Smutney, H. Kaempfner, G. Muehlnikel, U. Sterr, B. Wandernoth, F. Keine, U. Hildebrnad, D. Dallmann, M. Reinhardt, A. Freier, R. Lange, K. Boehmer, T. Feldhaus, J. Meuller, A. Weichert, P. Greulich, S. Seel, R. Meyer, and R. Czichy, “5.6 Gbps optical intersatellite communication link,” SPIE7199, 719906 (2009).
- B. Smutney, H. Kaempfner, G. Muehlnikel, U. Sterr, B. Wandernoth, F. Keine, U. Hildebrnad, D. Dallmann, M. Reinhardt, A. Freier, R. Lange, K. Boehmer, T. Feldhaus, J. Meuller, A. Weichert, P. Greulich, S. Seel, R. Meyer, and R. Czichy, “5.6 Gbps optical intersatellite communication link,” SPIE7199, 719906 (2009).
- D. E. Smith, M. T. Zuber, G. B. Jackson, J. F. Cavanaugh, G. A. Neumann, H. Riris, X. Sun, R. S. Zellar, C. Coltharp, J. Connelly, R. B. Katz, I. Kleyner, P. Liiva, A. Matuszeski, E. M. Mazarico, J. F. McGarry, A.-M. Novo-Gradac, M. N. Ott, C. Peters, L. A. Ramos-Izquierdo, L. Ramsey, D. D. Rowlands, S. Schmidt, V. S. Scott, G. B. Shaw, J. C. Smith, J.-P. Swinski, M. H. Torrence, G. Unger, A. W. Yu, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “The Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter investigation on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter mission,” Space Sci. Rev.150(1-4), 209–241 (2010). [CrossRef]
- D. E. Smith, M. T. Zuber, G. B. Jackson, J. F. Cavanaugh, G. A. Neumann, H. Riris, X. Sun, R. S. Zellar, C. Coltharp, J. Connelly, R. B. Katz, I. Kleyner, P. Liiva, A. Matuszeski, E. M. Mazarico, J. F. McGarry, A.-M. Novo-Gradac, M. N. Ott, C. Peters, L. A. Ramos-Izquierdo, L. Ramsey, D. D. Rowlands, S. Schmidt, V. S. Scott, G. B. Shaw, J. C. Smith, J.-P. Swinski, M. H. Torrence, G. Unger, A. W. Yu, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “The Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter investigation on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter mission,” Space Sci. Rev.150(1-4), 209–241 (2010). [CrossRef]
- M. T. Zuber, D. E. Smith, R. S. Zellar, G. A. Neumann, X. Sun, R. B. Katz, I. Kleyner, A. Matuszeski, J. F. McGarry, M. N. Ott, L. A. Ramos-Izquierdo, D. D. Rowlands, M. H. Torrence, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Laser Ranging investigation,” Space Sci. Rev.150(1-4), 63–80 (2010). [CrossRef]
- D. E. Smith, M. T. Zuber, X. Sun, G. A. Neumann, J. F. Cavanaugh, J. F. McGarry, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “Two-way laser link over interplanetary distance,” Science311(5757), 53 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Villoresi, T. Jennewein, F. Tamburini, M. Aspelmeyer, C. Bonato, R. Ursin, C. Pernechele, V. Luceri, G. Bianco, A. Zeilinger, and C. Barbieri, “Experimental verification of the feasibility of a quantum channel between space and Earth,” New J. Phys.10(3), 033038 (2008). [CrossRef]
- D. E. Smith, M. T. Zuber, G. B. Jackson, J. F. Cavanaugh, G. A. Neumann, H. Riris, X. Sun, R. S. Zellar, C. Coltharp, J. Connelly, R. B. Katz, I. Kleyner, P. Liiva, A. Matuszeski, E. M. Mazarico, J. F. McGarry, A.-M. Novo-Gradac, M. N. Ott, C. Peters, L. A. Ramos-Izquierdo, L. Ramsey, D. D. Rowlands, S. Schmidt, V. S. Scott, G. B. Shaw, J. C. Smith, J.-P. Swinski, M. H. Torrence, G. Unger, A. W. Yu, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “The Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter investigation on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter mission,” Space Sci. Rev.150(1-4), 209–241 (2010). [CrossRef]
- M. T. Zuber, D. E. Smith, R. S. Zellar, G. A. Neumann, X. Sun, R. B. Katz, I. Kleyner, A. Matuszeski, J. F. McGarry, M. N. Ott, L. A. Ramos-Izquierdo, D. D. Rowlands, M. H. Torrence, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Laser Ranging investigation,” Space Sci. Rev.150(1-4), 63–80 (2010). [CrossRef]
- D. E. Smith, M. T. Zuber, G. B. Jackson, J. F. Cavanaugh, G. A. Neumann, H. Riris, X. Sun, R. S. Zellar, C. Coltharp, J. Connelly, R. B. Katz, I. Kleyner, P. Liiva, A. Matuszeski, E. M. Mazarico, J. F. McGarry, A.-M. Novo-Gradac, M. N. Ott, C. Peters, L. A. Ramos-Izquierdo, L. Ramsey, D. D. Rowlands, S. Schmidt, V. S. Scott, G. B. Shaw, J. C. Smith, J.-P. Swinski, M. H. Torrence, G. Unger, A. W. Yu, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “The Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter investigation on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter mission,” Space Sci. Rev.150(1-4), 209–241 (2010). [CrossRef]
- M. T. Zuber, D. E. Smith, R. S. Zellar, G. A. Neumann, X. Sun, R. B. Katz, I. Kleyner, A. Matuszeski, J. F. McGarry, M. N. Ott, L. A. Ramos-Izquierdo, D. D. Rowlands, M. H. Torrence, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Laser Ranging investigation,” Space Sci. Rev.150(1-4), 63–80 (2010). [CrossRef]
- D. E. Smith, M. T. Zuber, X. Sun, G. A. Neumann, J. F. Cavanaugh, J. F. McGarry, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “Two-way laser link over interplanetary distance,” Science311(5757), 53 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
New J. Phys.
- P. Villoresi, T. Jennewein, F. Tamburini, M. Aspelmeyer, C. Bonato, R. Ursin, C. Pernechele, V. Luceri, G. Bianco, A. Zeilinger, and C. Barbieri, “Experimental verification of the feasibility of a quantum channel between space and Earth,” New J. Phys.10(3), 033038 (2008). [CrossRef]
Opt. Photon. News
- H. Hemmati, “Interplanetary laser communications,” Opt. Photon. News18(11), 22–27 (2007). [CrossRef]
Science
- D. E. Smith, M. T. Zuber, X. Sun, G. A. Neumann, J. F. Cavanaugh, J. F. McGarry, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “Two-way laser link over interplanetary distance,” Science311(5757), 53 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Space Sci. Rev.
- M. T. Zuber, D. E. Smith, R. S. Zellar, G. A. Neumann, X. Sun, R. B. Katz, I. Kleyner, A. Matuszeski, J. F. McGarry, M. N. Ott, L. A. Ramos-Izquierdo, D. D. Rowlands, M. H. Torrence, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Laser Ranging investigation,” Space Sci. Rev.150(1-4), 63–80 (2010). [CrossRef]
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SPIE
- B. Smutney, H. Kaempfner, G. Muehlnikel, U. Sterr, B. Wandernoth, F. Keine, U. Hildebrnad, D. Dallmann, M. Reinhardt, A. Freier, R. Lange, K. Boehmer, T. Feldhaus, J. Meuller, A. Weichert, P. Greulich, S. Seel, R. Meyer, and R. Czichy, “5.6 Gbps optical intersatellite communication link,” SPIE7199, 719906 (2009).
- D. M. Boroson, B. S. Robinson, D. A. Burianek, D. V. Murphy, and A. Biswas, “Overview and status of the Lunar Laser Communications Demonstration,” SPIE8246, 82460C, 82460C-10 (2012). [CrossRef]
Other
- Technology demonstration missions: Laser Communications Relay Demonstration (LCRD), http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/tdm/lcrd/index.html (2012).
- F. Yang, P. Huang, and I. Prochazka, “Preliminary results of the laser time transfer (LTT) experiment,” in Proceedings of the 16th International Workshop on Laser Ranging (International Laser Ranging Service, NASA, Greenbelt, Maryland, 2008), pp 648–652.
- E. Samain, P. Exertier, P. Guillemot, F. Pierron, D. Albanese, J. Paris, J. Torre, I. Petitbon, and S. Leon, “Time transfer by laser link T2L2 first results,” in Proceedings of IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, New York, 2009), pp. 194–198.
- M. Crawford, “Lunar laser ranging: 40 years of high-level science,” SPIE Newsroom, DOI: 10.1117/2.2200912.02 (2009). [CrossRef]
- H. Hemmati, ed., Near-Earth Laser Communications (CRC Press, 2009).
- J. W. Marini and C. W. Murray, “Corrections of laser range tracking data for atmospheric refraction at elevations above 10 degrees,” NASA-TM-X-70555 (Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 1973).
- L. C. Andrews and R. L. Phillips, Laser Beam Propagation through Random Media 2nd ed. (SPIE Press, 2005), Chap. 12.
- G. Kirchner, F. Koidl, and D. Kucharski, “Using pulse position modulation in SLR stations to transmit data to satellites,” in 11th International Conference on Telecommunications (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, New York, 2011), pp. 447–450.
2012, Boroson, SPIE
- D. M. Boroson, B. S. Robinson, D. A. Burianek, D. V. Murphy, and A. Biswas, “Overview and status of the Lunar Laser Communications Demonstration,” SPIE8246, 82460C, 82460C-10 (2012). [CrossRef]
- M. T. Zuber, D. E. Smith, R. S. Zellar, G. A. Neumann, X. Sun, R. B. Katz, I. Kleyner, A. Matuszeski, J. F. McGarry, M. N. Ott, L. A. Ramos-Izquierdo, D. D. Rowlands, M. H. Torrence, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Laser Ranging investigation,” Space Sci. Rev.150(1-4), 63–80 (2010). [CrossRef]
- D. E. Smith, M. T. Zuber, G. B. Jackson, J. F. Cavanaugh, G. A. Neumann, H. Riris, X. Sun, R. S. Zellar, C. Coltharp, J. Connelly, R. B. Katz, I. Kleyner, P. Liiva, A. Matuszeski, E. M. Mazarico, J. F. McGarry, A.-M. Novo-Gradac, M. N. Ott, C. Peters, L. A. Ramos-Izquierdo, L. Ramsey, D. D. Rowlands, S. Schmidt, V. S. Scott, G. B. Shaw, J. C. Smith, J.-P. Swinski, M. H. Torrence, G. Unger, A. W. Yu, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “The Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter investigation on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter mission,” Space Sci. Rev.150(1-4), 209–241 (2010). [CrossRef]
- B. Smutney, H. Kaempfner, G. Muehlnikel, U. Sterr, B. Wandernoth, F. Keine, U. Hildebrnad, D. Dallmann, M. Reinhardt, A. Freier, R. Lange, K. Boehmer, T. Feldhaus, J. Meuller, A. Weichert, P. Greulich, S. Seel, R. Meyer, and R. Czichy, “5.6 Gbps optical intersatellite communication link,” SPIE7199, 719906 (2009).
- P. Villoresi, T. Jennewein, F. Tamburini, M. Aspelmeyer, C. Bonato, R. Ursin, C. Pernechele, V. Luceri, G. Bianco, A. Zeilinger, and C. Barbieri, “Experimental verification of the feasibility of a quantum channel between space and Earth,” New J. Phys.10(3), 033038 (2008). [CrossRef]
- H. Hemmati, “Interplanetary laser communications,” Opt. Photon. News18(11), 22–27 (2007). [CrossRef]
- D. E. Smith, M. T. Zuber, X. Sun, G. A. Neumann, J. F. Cavanaugh, J. F. McGarry, and T. W. Zagwodzki, “Two-way laser link over interplanetary distance,” Science311(5757), 53 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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