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Rectified diode response of a multimode quantum cascade laser integrated terahertz transceiverGregory C. Dyer, Christopher D. Norquist, Michael J. Cich, Albert D. Grine, Charles T. Fuller, John L. Reno, and Michael C. Wanke »View Author Affiliations
Gregory C. Dyer,1
Christopher D. Norquist,1
Michael J. Cich,1,2
Albert D. Grine,1
Charles T. Fuller,1
John L. Reno,1
and Michael C. Wanke1,*
1Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA 2Now at Soraa, Fremont, CA, 94555, USA *Corresponding author: mcwanke@sandia.gov |
Optics Express, Vol. 21, Issue 4, pp. 3996-4004 (2013)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.21.003996
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Abstract
We characterized the DC transport response of a diode embedded in a THz quantum cascade laser as the laser current was changed. The overall response is described by parallel contributions from the rectification of the laser field due to the non-linearity of the diode I–V and from thermally activated transport. Sudden jumps in the diode response when the laser changes from single mode to multi-mode operation, with no corresponding jumps in output power, suggest that the coupling between the diode and laser field depends on the spatial distribution of internal fields. The results demonstrate conclusively that the internal laser field couples directly to the integrated diode.
© 2013 OSA
OCIS Codes
(040.2840) Detectors : Heterodyne
(140.3070) Lasers and laser optics : Infrared and far-infrared lasers
(250.3140) Optoelectronics : Integrated optoelectronic circuits
(040.2235) Detectors : Far infrared or terahertz
(140.5965) Lasers and laser optics : Semiconductor lasers, quantum cascade
ToC Category:
Detectors
History
Original Manuscript: November 1, 2012
Revised Manuscript: January 20, 2013
Manuscript Accepted: January 21, 2013
Published: February 11, 2013
Citation
Gregory C. Dyer, Christopher D. Norquist, Michael J. Cich, Albert D. Grine, Charles T. Fuller, John L. Reno, and Michael C. Wanke, "Rectified diode response of a multimode quantum cascade laser integrated terahertz transceiver," Opt. Express 21, 3996-4004 (2013)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-21-4-3996
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References
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Adam, A.
Adam, A. J. L.
Ajili, L.
Alton, J.
Arrington, C.L.
Baker, C.
Barbieri, S.
Baryshev, A.
Baselmans, J.
Beere, H.
Beere, H. E.
Behnken, B. N.
Beltram, F.
Bishop, W. L.
Bradley, R. F.
Cavaliere, M.
Chamberlin, D. R.
Cich, M. J.
Cich, M.J.
Cole, B. E.
Crowe, T. W.
Davies, A.
Davies, A. G.
Deaver, B. S. J.
Dengler, R. J.
Faist, J.
Filloux, P.
Ford, J.
Fuller, C. T.
Fuller, C.T.
Gao, J.
Gao, J. R.
Gellie, P.
Gillen, J.R.
Giovannini, M.
Graidis, M. C.
Grine, A. D.
Grine, A.D.
Hajenius, M.
Hall, W. R.
Harris, G.
Harris, J. S.
Hatami, F.
Hesler, J. L.
Hovenier, J.
Hovenier, J. N.
Hoyler, N.
Hu, Q.
Hubers, H.
Hübers, H.-W.
Hudait, M.
Huebers, H.-W.
Humphrey, D. A.
Il’in, K. S.
Iotti, R.
Karunasiri, G.
Kasalynas, I.
Kemp, M. C.
Khanna, S. P.
Kim, S. M.
King, D.
Klaassen, T.
Klaassen, T. O.
Klapwijk, T.
Köhler, R.
Kumar, S.
Kurian, A. W.
Lampin, J.-F. c.
Lee, A. W. M.
Lee, M.
Lee, T.-H.
Lerttamrab, M.
Linfield, E.
Linfield, E. H.
Lo, T.
Mahler, L.
Manquest, C.
Marazita, S. M.
Martin, S. C.
Mehdi, I.
Nordquist, C. D.
Nordquist, C.D.
Oswald, J. E.
Pavlov, S.
Pavlov, S. G.
Pease, A. J.
Reno, J.
Reno, J. L.
Reno, J.L.
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Ritchie, D.
Ritchie, D. A.
Robrish, P. R.
Roser, H.
Rossi, F.
Rowen, A.M.
Sagnes, I.
Scalari, G.
Scamarcio, G.
Schwaab, G.
Semenov, A.
Semenov, A. D.
Shen, Y. C.
Siegel, M.
Siegel, P. H.
Sirtori, C.
Smith, R. P.
Spagnolo, V.
Taday, P. F.
Tredicucci, A.
Tribe, W. R.
Vitiello, M. S.
Wanke, M. C.
Wanke, M.C.
Weikle, R. M. I.
Williams, B.
Williams, B. S.
Williams, B.S.
Withington, S.
Worrall, C.
Yang, Z.
Young, E. W.
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- H.-W. Hübers, S. Pavlov, A. Semenov, R. Köhler, L. Mahler, A. Tredicucci, H. Beere, D. Ritchie, and E. Linfield, “Terahertz quantum cascade laser as local oscillator in a heterodyne receiver,” Opt. Express13, 5890–5896 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Barbieri, J. Alton, C. Baker, T. Lo, H. Beere, and D. Ritchie, “Imaging with THz quantum cascade lasers using a Schottky diode mixer,” Opt. Express13, 6497–6503 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Barbieri, J. Alton, H. Beere, E. Linfield, D. Ritchie, S. Withington, G. Scalari, L. Ajili, and J. Faist, “Heterodyne mixing of two far-infrared quantum cascade lasers by use of a point-contact Schottky diode,” Opt. Lett.29, 1632–1634 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- H.-W. Hübers, S. G. Pavlov, H. Richter, A. D. Semenov, L. Mahler, A. Tredicucci, H. E. Beere, and D. A. Ritchie, “High-resolution gas phase spectroscopy with a distributed feedback terahertz quantum cascade laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett.89, 061115 (2006). [CrossRef]
- M. S. Vitiello, G. Scamarcio, V. Spagnolo, J. Alton, S. Barbieri, C. Worrall, H. E. Beere, D. A. Ritchie, and C. Sirtori, “Thermal properties of THz quantum cascade lasers based on different optical waveguide configurations,” Appl. Phys. Lett.89, 021111 (2006). [CrossRef]
- B. N. Behnken, G. Karunasiri, D. R. Chamberlin, P. R. Robrish, and J. Faist, “Real-time imaging using a 2.8 THz quantum cascade laser and uncooled infrared micrometer camera,” Opt. Lett33, 440–442 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Köhler, A. Tredicucci, F. Beltram, H. Beere, E. Linfield, A. Davies, D. Ritchie, R. Iotti, and F. Rossi, “Terahertz semiconductor-heterostructure laser,” Nature417, 156–159 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. Mehdi, S. M. Marazita, D. A. Humphrey, T.-H. Lee, R. J. Dengler, J. E. Oswald, A. J. Pease, S. C. Martin, W. L. Bishop, T. W. Crowe, and P. H. Siegel, “Improved 240-GHz subharmonically pumped planar Schottky diode mixers for space-borne applications,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech.46, 2036–2042 (1998). [CrossRef]
- J. L. Hesler, W. R. Hall, T. W. Crowe, R. M. I. Weikle, B. S. J. Deaver, R. F. Bradley, and S.-K. P. M. Theory, and I. T. o.Techniques, “Fixed-tuned submillimeter wavelength waveguide mixers using planar Schottky-barrier diodes,” Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on45, 653–658 (1997). [CrossRef]
- M.C. Wanke, M. Lee, C.D. Nordquist, M.J. Cich, M. Cavaliere, A.M. Rowen, J.R. Gillen, C.L. Arrington, A.D. Grine, C.T. Fuller, and J.L. Reno, “Integrated chip-scale THz technology,” in Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications III, T. George, M. Saif Islam, and A.K. Dutta, eds., Proc. SPIE8031, 80310E (2011). [CrossRef]
- B. N. Behnken, G. Karunasiri, D. R. Chamberlin, P. R. Robrish, and J. Faist, “Real-time imaging using a 2.8 THz quantum cascade laser and uncooled infrared micrometer camera,” Opt. Lett33, 440–442 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. C. Wanke, A. D. Grine, C. T. Fuller, C. D. Nordquist, M. J. Cich, J. L. Reno, and M. Lee, “Common mode frequency instability in internally phase-locked terahertz quantum cascade lasers,” Opt. Express19, 24810–24815 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. C. Wanke, E. W. Young, C. D. Nordquist, M. J. Cich, A. D. Grine, C. T. Fuller, J. L. Reno, and M. Lee, “Monolithically integrated solid-state terahertz transceivers,” Nat. Photonics4, 565–569 (2010). [CrossRef]
- M.C. Wanke, M. Lee, C.D. Nordquist, M.J. Cich, M. Cavaliere, A.M. Rowen, J.R. Gillen, C.L. Arrington, A.D. Grine, C.T. Fuller, and J.L. Reno, “Integrated chip-scale THz technology,” in Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications III, T. George, M. Saif Islam, and A.K. Dutta, eds., Proc. SPIE8031, 80310E (2011). [CrossRef]
- Y. C. Shen, T. Lo, P. F. Taday, B. E. Cole, W. R. Tribe, and M. C. Kemp, “Detection and identification of explosives using terahertz pulsed spectroscopic imaging,” Appl. Phys. Lett.86, 241116 (2005). [CrossRef]
- I. Mehdi, S. M. Marazita, D. A. Humphrey, T.-H. Lee, R. J. Dengler, J. E. Oswald, A. J. Pease, S. C. Martin, W. L. Bishop, T. W. Crowe, and P. H. Siegel, “Improved 240-GHz subharmonically pumped planar Schottky diode mixers for space-borne applications,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech.46, 2036–2042 (1998). [CrossRef]
- J. L. Hesler, W. R. Hall, T. W. Crowe, R. M. I. Weikle, B. S. J. Deaver, R. F. Bradley, and S.-K. P. M. Theory, and I. T. o.Techniques, “Fixed-tuned submillimeter wavelength waveguide mixers using planar Schottky-barrier diodes,” Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on45, 653–658 (1997). [CrossRef]
- R. Köhler, A. Tredicucci, F. Beltram, H. Beere, E. Linfield, A. Davies, D. Ritchie, R. Iotti, and F. Rossi, “Terahertz semiconductor-heterostructure laser,” Nature417, 156–159 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Gellie, S. Barbieri, J.-F. c. Lampin, P. Filloux, C. Manquest, C. Sirtori, I. Sagnes, S. P. Khanna, E. H. Linfield, A. G. Davies, H. Beere, and D. Ritchie, “Injection-locking of terahertz quantum cascade lasers up to 35GHz using RF amplitude modulation,” Opt. Express18, 20799–20816 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. L. Hesler, W. R. Hall, T. W. Crowe, R. M. I. Weikle, B. S. J. Deaver, R. F. Bradley, and S.-K. P. M. Theory, and I. T. o.Techniques, “Fixed-tuned submillimeter wavelength waveguide mixers using planar Schottky-barrier diodes,” Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on45, 653–658 (1997). [CrossRef]
- M. Lee, M. C. Wanke, M. Lerttamrab, E. W. Young, A. D. Grine, J. L. Reno, P. H. Siegel, and R. J. Dengler, “Heterodyne mixing of terahertz quantum cascade lasers using a planar Schottky diode,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.14, 370–373 (2008). [CrossRef]
- I. Mehdi, S. M. Marazita, D. A. Humphrey, T.-H. Lee, R. J. Dengler, J. E. Oswald, A. J. Pease, S. C. Martin, W. L. Bishop, T. W. Crowe, and P. H. Siegel, “Improved 240-GHz subharmonically pumped planar Schottky diode mixers for space-borne applications,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech.46, 2036–2042 (1998). [CrossRef]
- B. N. Behnken, G. Karunasiri, D. R. Chamberlin, P. R. Robrish, and J. Faist, “Real-time imaging using a 2.8 THz quantum cascade laser and uncooled infrared micrometer camera,” Opt. Lett33, 440–442 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- H.-W. Hübers, S. G. Pavlov, H. Richter, A. D. Semenov, L. Mahler, A. Tredicucci, H. E. Beere, and D. A. Ritchie, “High-resolution gas phase spectroscopy with a distributed feedback terahertz quantum cascade laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett.89, 061115 (2006). [CrossRef]
- I. Mehdi, S. M. Marazita, D. A. Humphrey, T.-H. Lee, R. J. Dengler, J. E. Oswald, A. J. Pease, S. C. Martin, W. L. Bishop, T. W. Crowe, and P. H. Siegel, “Improved 240-GHz subharmonically pumped planar Schottky diode mixers for space-borne applications,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech.46, 2036–2042 (1998). [CrossRef]
- J. Gao, J. Hovenier, Z. Yang, J. Baselmans, A. Baryshev, M. Hajenius, T. Klapwijk, A. Adam, T. Klaassen, B. Williams, S. Kumar, Q. Hu, and J. Reno, “Terahertz heterodyne receiver based on a quantum cascade laser and a superconducting bolometer,” Appl. Phys. Lett.86, 244104 (2005). [CrossRef]
- M. C. Wanke, A. D. Grine, C. T. Fuller, C. D. Nordquist, M. J. Cich, J. L. Reno, and M. Lee, “Common mode frequency instability in internally phase-locked terahertz quantum cascade lasers,” Opt. Express19, 24810–24815 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. C. Wanke, E. W. Young, C. D. Nordquist, M. J. Cich, A. D. Grine, C. T. Fuller, J. L. Reno, and M. Lee, “Monolithically integrated solid-state terahertz transceivers,” Nat. Photonics4, 565–569 (2010). [CrossRef]
- M. Lee, M. C. Wanke, M. Lerttamrab, E. W. Young, A. D. Grine, J. L. Reno, P. H. Siegel, and R. J. Dengler, “Heterodyne mixing of terahertz quantum cascade lasers using a planar Schottky diode,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.14, 370–373 (2008). [CrossRef]
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- A. W. M. Lee, B. S. Williams, S. Kumar, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, “Real-time imaging using a 4.3-THz quantum cascade laser and a 320 × 240 microbolometer focal-plane array,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.18, 1415–1417 (2006). [CrossRef]
- M.C. Wanke, M. Lee, C.D. Nordquist, M.J. Cich, M. Cavaliere, A.M. Rowen, J.R. Gillen, C.L. Arrington, A.D. Grine, C.T. Fuller, and J.L. Reno, “Integrated chip-scale THz technology,” in Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications III, T. George, M. Saif Islam, and A.K. Dutta, eds., Proc. SPIE8031, 80310E (2011). [CrossRef]
- H. Richter, A. D. Semenov, S. G. Pavlov, L. Mahler, A. Tredicucci, H. E. Beere, D. A. Ritchie, K. S. Il’in, M. Siegel, and H.-W. Huebers, “Terahertz heterodyne receiver with quantum cascade laser and hot electron bolometer mixer in a pulse tube cooler,” Appl. Phys. Lett.93, 141108 (2008). [CrossRef]
- H.-W. Hübers, S. G. Pavlov, H. Richter, A. D. Semenov, L. Mahler, A. Tredicucci, H. E. Beere, and D. A. Ritchie, “High-resolution gas phase spectroscopy with a distributed feedback terahertz quantum cascade laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett.89, 061115 (2006). [CrossRef]
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- S. Barbieri, J. Alton, C. Baker, T. Lo, H. Beere, and D. Ritchie, “Imaging with THz quantum cascade lasers using a Schottky diode mixer,” Opt. Express13, 6497–6503 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Barbieri, J. Alton, H. Beere, E. Linfield, D. Ritchie, S. Withington, G. Scalari, L. Ajili, and J. Faist, “Heterodyne mixing of two far-infrared quantum cascade lasers by use of a point-contact Schottky diode,” Opt. Lett.29, 1632–1634 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Köhler, A. Tredicucci, F. Beltram, H. Beere, E. Linfield, A. Davies, D. Ritchie, R. Iotti, and F. Rossi, “Terahertz semiconductor-heterostructure laser,” Nature417, 156–159 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- H.-W. Hübers, S. G. Pavlov, H. Richter, A. D. Semenov, L. Mahler, A. Tredicucci, H. E. Beere, and D. A. Ritchie, “High-resolution gas phase spectroscopy with a distributed feedback terahertz quantum cascade laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett.89, 061115 (2006). [CrossRef]
- M. S. Vitiello, G. Scamarcio, V. Spagnolo, J. Alton, S. Barbieri, C. Worrall, H. E. Beere, D. A. Ritchie, and C. Sirtori, “Thermal properties of THz quantum cascade lasers based on different optical waveguide configurations,” Appl. Phys. Lett.89, 021111 (2006). [CrossRef]
- B. N. Behnken, G. Karunasiri, D. R. Chamberlin, P. R. Robrish, and J. Faist, “Real-time imaging using a 2.8 THz quantum cascade laser and uncooled infrared micrometer camera,” Opt. Lett33, 440–442 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Hubers, G. Schwaab, and H. Roser, “Video detection and mixing performance of GaAs Schottky-barrier diodes at 30-THz and comparison with metal-insulator-metal diodes,” J Appl Phys75, 4243–4248 (1994). [CrossRef]
- R. Köhler, A. Tredicucci, F. Beltram, H. Beere, E. Linfield, A. Davies, D. Ritchie, R. Iotti, and F. Rossi, “Terahertz semiconductor-heterostructure laser,” Nature417, 156–159 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- P. Gellie, S. Barbieri, J.-F. c. Lampin, P. Filloux, C. Manquest, C. Sirtori, I. Sagnes, S. P. Khanna, E. H. Linfield, A. G. Davies, H. Beere, and D. Ritchie, “Injection-locking of terahertz quantum cascade lasers up to 35GHz using RF amplitude modulation,” Opt. Express18, 20799–20816 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. M. Kim, F. Hatami, J. S. Harris, A. W. Kurian, J. Ford, D. King, G. Scalari, M. Giovannini, N. Hoyler, J. Faist, and G. Harris, “Biomedical terahertz imaging with a quantum cascade laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett.88, 153903 (2006). [CrossRef]
- S. Barbieri, J. Alton, H. Beere, E. Linfield, D. Ritchie, S. Withington, G. Scalari, L. Ajili, and J. Faist, “Heterodyne mixing of two far-infrared quantum cascade lasers by use of a point-contact Schottky diode,” Opt. Lett.29, 1632–1634 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. S. Vitiello, G. Scamarcio, V. Spagnolo, J. Alton, S. Barbieri, C. Worrall, H. E. Beere, D. A. Ritchie, and C. Sirtori, “Thermal properties of THz quantum cascade lasers based on different optical waveguide configurations,” Appl. Phys. Lett.89, 021111 (2006). [CrossRef]
- H. Hubers, G. Schwaab, and H. Roser, “Video detection and mixing performance of GaAs Schottky-barrier diodes at 30-THz and comparison with metal-insulator-metal diodes,” J Appl Phys75, 4243–4248 (1994). [CrossRef]
- H. Richter, A. D. Semenov, S. G. Pavlov, L. Mahler, A. Tredicucci, H. E. Beere, D. A. Ritchie, K. S. Il’in, M. Siegel, and H.-W. Huebers, “Terahertz heterodyne receiver with quantum cascade laser and hot electron bolometer mixer in a pulse tube cooler,” Appl. Phys. Lett.93, 141108 (2008). [CrossRef]
- H.-W. Hübers, S. G. Pavlov, H. Richter, A. D. Semenov, L. Mahler, A. Tredicucci, H. E. Beere, and D. A. Ritchie, “High-resolution gas phase spectroscopy with a distributed feedback terahertz quantum cascade laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett.89, 061115 (2006). [CrossRef]
- Y. C. Shen, T. Lo, P. F. Taday, B. E. Cole, W. R. Tribe, and M. C. Kemp, “Detection and identification of explosives using terahertz pulsed spectroscopic imaging,” Appl. Phys. Lett.86, 241116 (2005). [CrossRef]
- H. Richter, A. D. Semenov, S. G. Pavlov, L. Mahler, A. Tredicucci, H. E. Beere, D. A. Ritchie, K. S. Il’in, M. Siegel, and H.-W. Huebers, “Terahertz heterodyne receiver with quantum cascade laser and hot electron bolometer mixer in a pulse tube cooler,” Appl. Phys. Lett.93, 141108 (2008). [CrossRef]
- M. Lee, M. C. Wanke, M. Lerttamrab, E. W. Young, A. D. Grine, J. L. Reno, P. H. Siegel, and R. J. Dengler, “Heterodyne mixing of terahertz quantum cascade lasers using a planar Schottky diode,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.14, 370–373 (2008). [CrossRef]
- P. H. Siegel, R. P. Smith, M. C. Graidis, and S. C. Martin, “2.5-THz GaAs monolithic membrane-diode mixer,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech.47, 596–604 (1999). [CrossRef]
- I. Mehdi, S. M. Marazita, D. A. Humphrey, T.-H. Lee, R. J. Dengler, J. E. Oswald, A. J. Pease, S. C. Martin, W. L. Bishop, T. W. Crowe, and P. H. Siegel, “Improved 240-GHz subharmonically pumped planar Schottky diode mixers for space-borne applications,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech.46, 2036–2042 (1998). [CrossRef]
- P. Gellie, S. Barbieri, J.-F. c. Lampin, P. Filloux, C. Manquest, C. Sirtori, I. Sagnes, S. P. Khanna, E. H. Linfield, A. G. Davies, H. Beere, and D. Ritchie, “Injection-locking of terahertz quantum cascade lasers up to 35GHz using RF amplitude modulation,” Opt. Express18, 20799–20816 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. S. Vitiello, G. Scamarcio, V. Spagnolo, J. Alton, S. Barbieri, C. Worrall, H. E. Beere, D. A. Ritchie, and C. Sirtori, “Thermal properties of THz quantum cascade lasers based on different optical waveguide configurations,” Appl. Phys. Lett.89, 021111 (2006). [CrossRef]
- P. H. Siegel, R. P. Smith, M. C. Graidis, and S. C. Martin, “2.5-THz GaAs monolithic membrane-diode mixer,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech.47, 596–604 (1999). [CrossRef]
- M. S. Vitiello, G. Scamarcio, V. Spagnolo, J. Alton, S. Barbieri, C. Worrall, H. E. Beere, D. A. Ritchie, and C. Sirtori, “Thermal properties of THz quantum cascade lasers based on different optical waveguide configurations,” Appl. Phys. Lett.89, 021111 (2006). [CrossRef]
- Y. C. Shen, T. Lo, P. F. Taday, B. E. Cole, W. R. Tribe, and M. C. Kemp, “Detection and identification of explosives using terahertz pulsed spectroscopic imaging,” Appl. Phys. Lett.86, 241116 (2005). [CrossRef]
- H. Richter, A. D. Semenov, S. G. Pavlov, L. Mahler, A. Tredicucci, H. E. Beere, D. A. Ritchie, K. S. Il’in, M. Siegel, and H.-W. Huebers, “Terahertz heterodyne receiver with quantum cascade laser and hot electron bolometer mixer in a pulse tube cooler,” Appl. Phys. Lett.93, 141108 (2008). [CrossRef]
- H.-W. Hübers, S. G. Pavlov, H. Richter, A. D. Semenov, L. Mahler, A. Tredicucci, H. E. Beere, and D. A. Ritchie, “High-resolution gas phase spectroscopy with a distributed feedback terahertz quantum cascade laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett.89, 061115 (2006). [CrossRef]
- H.-W. Hübers, S. Pavlov, A. Semenov, R. Köhler, L. Mahler, A. Tredicucci, H. Beere, D. Ritchie, and E. Linfield, “Terahertz quantum cascade laser as local oscillator in a heterodyne receiver,” Opt. Express13, 5890–5896 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Köhler, A. Tredicucci, F. Beltram, H. Beere, E. Linfield, A. Davies, D. Ritchie, R. Iotti, and F. Rossi, “Terahertz semiconductor-heterostructure laser,” Nature417, 156–159 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. C. Shen, T. Lo, P. F. Taday, B. E. Cole, W. R. Tribe, and M. C. Kemp, “Detection and identification of explosives using terahertz pulsed spectroscopic imaging,” Appl. Phys. Lett.86, 241116 (2005). [CrossRef]
- M. S. Vitiello, G. Scamarcio, V. Spagnolo, J. Alton, S. Barbieri, C. Worrall, H. E. Beere, D. A. Ritchie, and C. Sirtori, “Thermal properties of THz quantum cascade lasers based on different optical waveguide configurations,” Appl. Phys. Lett.89, 021111 (2006). [CrossRef]
- M. C. Wanke, A. D. Grine, C. T. Fuller, C. D. Nordquist, M. J. Cich, J. L. Reno, and M. Lee, “Common mode frequency instability in internally phase-locked terahertz quantum cascade lasers,” Opt. Express19, 24810–24815 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. C. Wanke, E. W. Young, C. D. Nordquist, M. J. Cich, A. D. Grine, C. T. Fuller, J. L. Reno, and M. Lee, “Monolithically integrated solid-state terahertz transceivers,” Nat. Photonics4, 565–569 (2010). [CrossRef]
- M. Lee, M. C. Wanke, M. Lerttamrab, E. W. Young, A. D. Grine, J. L. Reno, P. H. Siegel, and R. J. Dengler, “Heterodyne mixing of terahertz quantum cascade lasers using a planar Schottky diode,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.14, 370–373 (2008). [CrossRef]
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- J. Gao, J. Hovenier, Z. Yang, J. Baselmans, A. Baryshev, M. Hajenius, T. Klapwijk, A. Adam, T. Klaassen, B. Williams, S. Kumar, Q. Hu, and J. Reno, “Terahertz heterodyne receiver based on a quantum cascade laser and a superconducting bolometer,” Appl. Phys. Lett.86, 244104 (2005). [CrossRef]
- M. C. Wanke, E. W. Young, C. D. Nordquist, M. J. Cich, A. D. Grine, C. T. Fuller, J. L. Reno, and M. Lee, “Monolithically integrated solid-state terahertz transceivers,” Nat. Photonics4, 565–569 (2010). [CrossRef]
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Appl. Phys. Lett.
- S. M. Kim, F. Hatami, J. S. Harris, A. W. Kurian, J. Ford, D. King, G. Scalari, M. Giovannini, N. Hoyler, J. Faist, and G. Harris, “Biomedical terahertz imaging with a quantum cascade laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett.88, 153903 (2006). [CrossRef]
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IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.
- M. Lee, M. C. Wanke, M. Lerttamrab, E. W. Young, A. D. Grine, J. L. Reno, P. H. Siegel, and R. J. Dengler, “Heterodyne mixing of terahertz quantum cascade lasers using a planar Schottky diode,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.14, 370–373 (2008). [CrossRef]
IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.
- A. W. M. Lee, B. S. Williams, S. Kumar, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, “Real-time imaging using a 4.3-THz quantum cascade laser and a 320 × 240 microbolometer focal-plane array,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.18, 1415–1417 (2006). [CrossRef]
IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech.
- P. H. Siegel, R. P. Smith, M. C. Graidis, and S. C. Martin, “2.5-THz GaAs monolithic membrane-diode mixer,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech.47, 596–604 (1999). [CrossRef]
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J Appl Phys
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Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on
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Nat. Photonics
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Nature
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Opt. Express
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Opt. Lett
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Opt. Lett.
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Phys. B: Condensed Matter
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