Adaptive Sagnac interferometer with dynamic population grating in saturable rare-earth-doped fiber

doi:10.1364/OE.21.004280

Adaptive Sagnac interferometer with dynamic population grating in saturable rare-earth-doped fiber

Jorge López Rivera, Marcos Plata Sánchez, Alexei Miridonov, and Serguei Stepanov »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 21, Issue 4, pp. 4280-4290 (2013)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.21.004280

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Abstract

Sagnac fiber interferometer with the dynamic population grating formed in the rare-earth doped fiber is proposed for homodyne adaptive detection of optical phase modulation. The configuration is shown to be a simple all-optical fiber sensor suitable for linear high sensitivity detection of mechanical vibrations, acoustic signals, thermo-optic effect etc. Theoretical consideration shows that the quadratic response of this interferometric configuration associated with the amplitude dynamic grating is observed in the reflected wave mainly, while the recorded phase grating results in the linear energy exchange between the transmitted and reflected from the Sagnac loop light waves. Experiments with the erbium- and ytterbium-doped fiber based adaptive Sagnac configurations (with the operation wavelengths 1485 and 1064nm respectively) of the fiber accelerometers confirmed these general conclusions and demonstrated sensitivity of the fiber based interferometric configurations (~3*10⁻⁵ rad/Hz^1/2) governed basically by the noise of the utilized lasers.

OCIS Codes
(060.2410) Fiber optics and optical communications : Fibers, erbium
(060.4370) Fiber optics and optical communications : Nonlinear optics, fibers
(190.7070) Nonlinear optics : Two-wave mixing

ToC Category:
Fiber Optics and Optical Communications

History
Original Manuscript: November 26, 2012
Revised Manuscript: January 25, 2013
Manuscript Accepted: January 28, 2013
Published: February 12, 2013

Citation
Jorge López Rivera, Marcos Plata Sánchez, Alexei Miridonov, and Serguei Stepanov, "Adaptive Sagnac interferometer with dynamic population grating in saturable rare-earth-doped fiber," Opt. Express 21, 4280-4290 (2013)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-21-4-4280

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References

S. J. Frisken, “Transient Bragg reflection gratings in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers,” Opt. Lett.17(24), 1776–1778 (1992). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
S. Stepanov, “Dynamic population gratings in rare-earth doped optical fibers,”J. of Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 41, 224002/1–23, (2008).
M. D. Feuer, “Length and power dependence of self-adjusting optical fiber filters,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.10(11), 1587–1589 (1998). [CrossRef]
S. A. Havstad, B. Fischer, A. E. Willner, and M. G. Wickham, “Loop-mirror filters based on saturable-gain or-absorber gratings,” Opt. Lett.24(21), 1466–1468 (1999). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
M. Horowitz, R. Daisy, B. Fischer, and J. L. Zyskind, “Linewidth-narrowing mechanism in lasers by nonlinear wave mixing,” Opt. Lett.19(18), 1406–1408 (1994). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Y. Cheng, J. T. Kringlebotn, W. H. Loh, R. I. Laming, and D. N. Payne, “Stable single-frequency traveling-wave fiber loop laser with integral saturable-absorber-based tracking narrow-band filter,” Opt. Lett.20(8), 875–877 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
H.-C. Chien, C.-H. Yeh, C.-C. Lee, and S. Chi, “A tunable and single-frequency S-band erbium fiber laser with saturable absorber-based autotracking filter,” Opt. Commun.250(1-3), 163–167 (2005). [CrossRef]
S. Stepanov, F. P. Cota, A. N. Quintero, and P. R. Montero, “Population gratings in rare-earth doped fibers for adaptive detection of laser induced ultra-sound,” J. of Holography and Speckle5(3), 303–309 (2009). [CrossRef]
S. I. Stepanov, “Adaptive interferometry: A new area of applications of photorefractive crystals” in International trends in Optics, ed. by J.Goodman (Academic, Boston, 1991), 125–140.
A. A. Kamshilin, V. R. Romashko, and N. Y. Kulchin, “Adaptive interferometry with photorefractive crystals,” J. Appl. Phys.105(3), 031101 (2009). [CrossRef]
J. W. Wagner and J. B. Spicer, “Theoretical noise-limited sensitivity of classical interferometry,” JOSA B4(8), 1316–1326 (1987). [CrossRef]
D. B. Mortimore, “Fiber loop reflectors,” J. Lightwave Technol.6(7), 1217–1224 (1988). [CrossRef]
S. Stepanov, E. Hernández, and M. Plata, “Two-wave mixing by means of dynamic Bragg gratings recorded by saturation of absorption in erbium-doped fibers,” Opt. Lett.29(12), 1327–1329 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
S. Stepanov and E. H. Hernández, “Phase contribution to dynamic gratings recorded in Er-doped fiber with saturable absorption,” Opt. Commun.271(1), 91–95 (2007). [CrossRef]
S. Stepanov and C. Nuñez Santiago, “Intensity dependence of the transient two-wave mixing by population grating in Er-doped fiber,” Opt. Commun.264(1), 105–115 (2006). [CrossRef]
A. V. Tveten, A. Dandridge, C. M. Davis, and T. G. Giallorenzi, “Fibre optic accelerometer,” Electron. Lett.16(22), 854–856 (1980). [CrossRef]
P. C. Becker, N. A. Olsson, and J. R. Simpson, Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers: Fundamentals and Technology (Academic, 1999).
S. Stepanov, A. Fotiadi, and P. Mégret, “Effective recording of dynamic phase gratings in Yb-doped fibers with saturable absorption at 1064nm,” Opt. Express15(14), 8832–8837 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

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[1] S. J. Frisken, “Transient Bragg reflection gratings in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers,” Opt. Lett.17(24), 1776–1778 (1992). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[2] S. Stepanov, “Dynamic population gratings in rare-earth doped optical fibers,”J. of Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 41, 224002/1–23, (2008).

[3] M. D. Feuer, “Length and power dependence of self-adjusting optical fiber filters,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.10(11), 1587–1589 (1998). [CrossRef]

[4] S. A. Havstad, B. Fischer, A. E. Willner, and M. G. Wickham, “Loop-mirror filters based on saturable-gain or-absorber gratings,” Opt. Lett.24(21), 1466–1468 (1999). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[5] M. Horowitz, R. Daisy, B. Fischer, and J. L. Zyskind, “Linewidth-narrowing mechanism in lasers by nonlinear wave mixing,” Opt. Lett.19(18), 1406–1408 (1994). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[6] Y. Cheng, J. T. Kringlebotn, W. H. Loh, R. I. Laming, and D. N. Payne, “Stable single-frequency traveling-wave fiber loop laser with integral saturable-absorber-based tracking narrow-band filter,” Opt. Lett.20(8), 875–877 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[7] H.-C. Chien, C.-H. Yeh, C.-C. Lee, and S. Chi, “A tunable and single-frequency S-band erbium fiber laser with saturable absorber-based autotracking filter,” Opt. Commun.250(1-3), 163–167 (2005). [CrossRef]

[8] S. Stepanov, F. P. Cota, A. N. Quintero, and P. R. Montero, “Population gratings in rare-earth doped fibers for adaptive detection of laser induced ultra-sound,” J. of Holography and Speckle5(3), 303–309 (2009). [CrossRef]

[9] S. I. Stepanov, “Adaptive interferometry: A new area of applications of photorefractive crystals” in International trends in Optics, ed. by J.Goodman (Academic, Boston, 1991), 125–140.

[10] A. A. Kamshilin, V. R. Romashko, and N. Y. Kulchin, “Adaptive interferometry with photorefractive crystals,” J. Appl. Phys.105(3), 031101 (2009). [CrossRef]

[11] J. W. Wagner and J. B. Spicer, “Theoretical noise-limited sensitivity of classical interferometry,” JOSA B4(8), 1316–1326 (1987). [CrossRef]

[12] D. B. Mortimore, “Fiber loop reflectors,” J. Lightwave Technol.6(7), 1217–1224 (1988). [CrossRef]

[13] S. Stepanov, E. Hernández, and M. Plata, “Two-wave mixing by means of dynamic Bragg gratings recorded by saturation of absorption in erbium-doped fibers,” Opt. Lett.29(12), 1327–1329 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[14] S. Stepanov and E. H. Hernández, “Phase contribution to dynamic gratings recorded in Er-doped fiber with saturable absorption,” Opt. Commun.271(1), 91–95 (2007). [CrossRef]

[15] S. Stepanov and C. Nuñez Santiago, “Intensity dependence of the transient two-wave mixing by population grating in Er-doped fiber,” Opt. Commun.264(1), 105–115 (2006). [CrossRef]

[16] A. V. Tveten, A. Dandridge, C. M. Davis, and T. G. Giallorenzi, “Fibre optic accelerometer,” Electron. Lett.16(22), 854–856 (1980). [CrossRef]

[17] P. C. Becker, N. A. Olsson, and J. R. Simpson, Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers: Fundamentals and Technology (Academic, 1999).

[18] S. Stepanov, A. Fotiadi, and P. Mégret, “Effective recording of dynamic phase gratings in Yb-doped fibers with saturable absorption at 1064nm,” Opt. Express15(14), 8832–8837 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

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Adaptive Sagnac interferometer with dynamic population grating in saturable rare-earth-doped fiber