Towards a transparent, flexible, scalable and disposable image sensor using thin-film luminescent concentrators

doi:10.1364/OE.21.004796

Towards a transparent, flexible, scalable and disposable image sensor using thin-film luminescent concentrators

Alexander Koppelhuber and Oliver Bimber »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 21, Issue 4, pp. 4796-4810 (2013)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.21.004796

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Abstract
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Abstract

Most image sensors are planar, opaque, and inflexible. We present a novel image sensor that is based on a luminescent concentrator (LC) film which absorbs light from a specific portion of the spectrum. The absorbed light is re-emitted at a lower frequency and transported to the edges of the LC by total internal reflection. The light transport is measured at the border of the film by line scan cameras. With these measurements, images that are focused onto the LC surface can be reconstructed. Thus, our image sensor is fully transparent, flexible, scalable and, due to its low cost, potentially disposable.

OCIS Codes
(110.0110) Imaging systems : Imaging systems
(110.3010) Imaging systems : Image reconstruction techniques

ToC Category:
Imaging Systems

History
Original Manuscript: December 6, 2012
Revised Manuscript: February 8, 2013
Manuscript Accepted: February 11, 2013
Published: February 20, 2013

Virtual Issues
Vol. 8, Iss. 3 Virtual Journal for Biomedical Optics

Citation
Alexander Koppelhuber and Oliver Bimber, "Towards a transparent, flexible, scalable and disposable image sensor using thin-film luminescent concentrators," Opt. Express 21, 4796-4810 (2013)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-21-4-4796

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References

H. C. Ko, M. P. Stoykovich, J. Song, V. Malyarchuk, W. M. Choi, C. J. Yu, J. B. Geddes, J. Xiao, S. Wang, Y. Huang, and J. A. Rogers, “A hemispherical electronic eye camera based on compressible silicon optoelectronics,” Nature454(7205), 748–753 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
T. N. Ng, W. S. Wong, M. L. Chabinyc, S. Sambandan, and R. A. Street, “Flexible image sensor array with bulk heterojunction organic photodiode,” Appl. Phys. Lett.92(21), 213303 (2008). [CrossRef]
G. Yu, J. Wang, J. McElvain, and A. J. Heeger, “Large-area, full-color image sensors made with semiconducting polymers,” Adv. Mater.10(17), 1431–1434 (1998). [CrossRef]
T. Someya, Y. Kato, S. Iba, Y. Noguchi, T. Sekitani, H. Kawaguchi, and T. Sakurai, “Integration of organic fets with organic photodiodes for a large area, flexible, and lightweight sheet image scanners,” IEEE T. Electron Dev.52(11), 2502–2511 (2005). [CrossRef]
A. F. Abouraddy, O. Shapira, M. Bayindir, J. Arnold, F. Sorin, D. S. Hinczewski, J. D. Joannopoulos, and Y. Fink, “Large-scale optical-field measurements with geometric fibre constructs,” Nature Mat.5(7), 532–536 (2006). [CrossRef]
R. Koeppe, A. Neulinger, P. Bartu, and S. Bauer, “Video-speed detection of the absolute position of a light point on a large-area photodetector based on luminescent waveguides,” Opt. Express18(3), 2209–2218 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
S. A. Evenson and A. H. Rawicz, “Thin-film luminescent concentrators for integrated devices,” Appl. Optics34(31), 7231–7238 (1995). [CrossRef]
P. J. Jungwirth, I. S. Melnik, and A. H. Rawicz, “Position-sensitive receptive fields based on photoluminescent concentrators,” P. Soc. Photo-Opt. Ins.3199, 239–247 (1998).
I. S. Melnik and A. H. Rawicz, “Thin-film luminescent concentrators for position-sensitive devices,” Appl. Opt.36(34), 9025–9033 (1997). [CrossRef]
J. S. Batchelder, A. H. Zewail, and T. Cole, “Luminescent solar concentrators. 1: Theory of operation and techniques for performance evaluation,” Appl. Opt.18(18), 3090–3110 (1979). [CrossRef]
M. Slaney and A. Kak, Principles of Computerized Tomographic Imaging (IEEE Press, 1988).
G. T. Herman, Fundamentals of Computerized Tomography: Image Reconstruction from Projections, 2nd ed. (Springer Verlag, 2010).
A. H. Andersen and A. C. Kak, “Simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (SART): a superior implementation of the ART algorithm,” Ultrasonic Imaging6(1), 81–94 (1984). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Z. Wang, A.C. Bovik, H.R. Sheikh, and E.P. Simoncelli, “Image quality assessment: From error visibility to structural similarity,” IEEE Trans. Image Process.13(4), 600–612 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
H. Seetzen, W. Heidrich, W. Stuerzlinger, G. Ward, L. Whitehead, M. Trentacoste, A. Ghosh, and A. Vorozcovs, “High dynamic range display systems,” ACM T. Graphic23(3), 760–768 (2004). [CrossRef]
J. Y. Han, “Low-cost multi-touch sensing through frustrated total internal reflection,” in Proceedings of the 18th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology, (Association for Computing Machinery, New York, 2005), 115–118. [CrossRef]
J. Moeller and A. Kerne, “Scanning FTIR: unobtrusive optoelectronic multi-touch sensing through waveguide transmissivity imaging,” in Proceedings of the fourth international conference on Tangible, embedded, and embodied interaction, (Association for Computing Machinery, New York, 2010), 73–76. [CrossRef]

Abouraddy, A. F.
Andersen, A. H.
Arnold, J.
Bartu, P.
Batchelder, J. S.
Bauer, S.
Bayindir, M.
Bovik, A.C.
Chabinyc, M. L.
Choi, W. M.
Cole, T.
Evenson, S. A.
Fink, Y.
Geddes, J. B.
Ghosh, A.
Han, J. Y.
Heeger, A. J.
Heidrich, W.
Herman, G. T.
Hinczewski, D. S.
Huang, Y.
Iba, S.
Joannopoulos, J. D.
Jungwirth, P. J.
Kak, A.
Kak, A. C.
Kato, Y.
Kawaguchi, H.
Kerne, A.
Ko, H. C.
Koeppe, R.
Malyarchuk, V.
McElvain, J.
Melnik, I. S.
Moeller, J.
Neulinger, A.
Ng, T. N.
Noguchi, Y.
Rawicz, A. H.
Rogers, J. A.
Sakurai, T.
Sambandan, S.
Seetzen, H.
Sekitani, T.
Shapira, O.
Sheikh, H.R.
Simoncelli, E.P.
Slaney, M.
Someya, T.
Song, J.
Sorin, F.
Stoykovich, M. P.
Street, R. A.
Stuerzlinger, W.
Trentacoste, M.
Vorozcovs, A.
Wang, J.
Wang, S.
Wang, Z.
Ward, G.
Whitehead, L.
Wong, W. S.
Xiao, J.
Yu, C. J.
Yu, G.
Zewail, A. H.

ACM T. Graphic

H. Seetzen, W. Heidrich, W. Stuerzlinger, G. Ward, L. Whitehead, M. Trentacoste, A. Ghosh, and A. Vorozcovs, “High dynamic range display systems,” ACM T. Graphic23(3), 760–768 (2004). [CrossRef]

Adv. Mater.

G. Yu, J. Wang, J. McElvain, and A. J. Heeger, “Large-area, full-color image sensors made with semiconducting polymers,” Adv. Mater.10(17), 1431–1434 (1998). [CrossRef]

Appl. Opt.

Appl. Optics

S. A. Evenson and A. H. Rawicz, “Thin-film luminescent concentrators for integrated devices,” Appl. Optics34(31), 7231–7238 (1995). [CrossRef]

Appl. Phys. Lett.

T. N. Ng, W. S. Wong, M. L. Chabinyc, S. Sambandan, and R. A. Street, “Flexible image sensor array with bulk heterojunction organic photodiode,” Appl. Phys. Lett.92(21), 213303 (2008). [CrossRef]

IEEE T. Electron Dev.

T. Someya, Y. Kato, S. Iba, Y. Noguchi, T. Sekitani, H. Kawaguchi, and T. Sakurai, “Integration of organic fets with organic photodiodes for a large area, flexible, and lightweight sheet image scanners,” IEEE T. Electron Dev.52(11), 2502–2511 (2005). [CrossRef]

IEEE Trans. Image Process.

Z. Wang, A.C. Bovik, H.R. Sheikh, and E.P. Simoncelli, “Image quality assessment: From error visibility to structural similarity,” IEEE Trans. Image Process.13(4), 600–612 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Nature

H. C. Ko, M. P. Stoykovich, J. Song, V. Malyarchuk, W. M. Choi, C. J. Yu, J. B. Geddes, J. Xiao, S. Wang, Y. Huang, and J. A. Rogers, “A hemispherical electronic eye camera based on compressible silicon optoelectronics,” Nature454(7205), 748–753 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Nature Mat.

A. F. Abouraddy, O. Shapira, M. Bayindir, J. Arnold, F. Sorin, D. S. Hinczewski, J. D. Joannopoulos, and Y. Fink, “Large-scale optical-field measurements with geometric fibre constructs,” Nature Mat.5(7), 532–536 (2006). [CrossRef]

Opt. Express

R. Koeppe, A. Neulinger, P. Bartu, and S. Bauer, “Video-speed detection of the absolute position of a light point on a large-area photodetector based on luminescent waveguides,” Opt. Express18(3), 2209–2218 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

P. Soc. Photo-Opt. Ins.

P. J. Jungwirth, I. S. Melnik, and A. H. Rawicz, “Position-sensitive receptive fields based on photoluminescent concentrators,” P. Soc. Photo-Opt. Ins.3199, 239–247 (1998).

Ultrasonic Imaging

A. H. Andersen and A. C. Kak, “Simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (SART): a superior implementation of the ART algorithm,” Ultrasonic Imaging6(1), 81–94 (1984). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Other

J. Y. Han, “Low-cost multi-touch sensing through frustrated total internal reflection,” in Proceedings of the 18th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology, (Association for Computing Machinery, New York, 2005), 115–118. [CrossRef]
J. Moeller and A. Kerne, “Scanning FTIR: unobtrusive optoelectronic multi-touch sensing through waveguide transmissivity imaging,” in Proceedings of the fourth international conference on Tangible, embedded, and embodied interaction, (Association for Computing Machinery, New York, 2010), 73–76. [CrossRef]
M. Slaney and A. Kak, Principles of Computerized Tomographic Imaging (IEEE Press, 1988).
G. T. Herman, Fundamentals of Computerized Tomography: Image Reconstruction from Projections, 2nd ed. (Springer Verlag, 2010).

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