FLEA: Fresnel-limited extraction algorithm applied to spectral phase interferometry for direct field reconstruction (SPIDER)

doi:10.1364/OE.21.005743

FLEA: Fresnel-limited extraction algorithm applied to spectral phase interferometry for direct field reconstruction (SPIDER)

Alessia Pasquazi, Marco Peccianti, José Azaña, David J. Moss, and Roberto Morandotti »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 21, Issue 5, pp. 5743-5758 (2013)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.21.005743

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Abstract
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References (30)
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Abstract

We present an extraction algorithm for spectral phase interferometry for direct field reconstruction (SPIDER) in the so-called X-SPIDER configuration. Our approach largely extends the measurable time windows of pulses without requiring any modification to the experimental X-SPIDER setup.

OCIS Codes
(120.5050) Instrumentation, measurement, and metrology : Phase measurement
(190.4223) Nonlinear optics : Nonlinear wave mixing

ToC Category:
Instrumentation, Measurement, and Metrology

History
Original Manuscript: November 23, 2012
Revised Manuscript: January 20, 2013
Manuscript Accepted: January 21, 2013
Published: March 1, 2013

Citation
Alessia Pasquazi, Marco Peccianti, José Azaña, David J. Moss, and Roberto Morandotti, "FLEA: Fresnel-limited extraction algorithm applied to spectral phase interferometry for direct field reconstruction (SPIDER)," Opt. Express 21, 5743-5758 (2013)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-21-5-5743

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References

I. A. Walmsley and C. Dorrer, “Characterization of ultrashort electromagnetic pulses,” Adv. Opt. Photonics1(2), 308–437 (2009). [CrossRef]
R. Slavík, F. Parmigiani, J. Kakande, C. Lundström, M. Sjödin, P. A. Andrekson, R. Weerasuriya, S. Sygletos, A. D. Ellis, L. Grüner-Nielsen, D. Jakobsen, S. Herstrøm, R. Phelan, J. O'Gorman, A. Bogris, D. Syvridis, S. Dasgupta, P. Petropoulos, and D. J. Richardson, “All-optical phase and amplitude regenerator for next-generation telecommunications systems,” Nat. Photonics4(10), 690–695 (2010). [CrossRef]
R.-J. Essiambre, G. Kramer, P. J. Winzer, G. J. Foschini, and B. Goebel, “Capacity limits of optical fiber networks,” J. Lightwave Technol.28(4), 662–701 (2010). [CrossRef]
N. K. Fontaine, R. Scott, L. Zhou, F. M. Soares, J. Heritage, and S. Yoo, “Real-time full-field arbitrary optical waveform measurement,” Nat. Photonics4(4), 248–254 (2010). [CrossRef]
Z. Jiang, C.-B. Huang, D. E. Leaird, and A. Weiner, “Optical arbitrary waveform processing of more than 100 spectral comb lines,” Nat. Photonics1(8), 463–467 (2007). [CrossRef]
S. T. Cundiff and A. M. Weiner, “Optical arbitrary waveform generation,” Nat. Photonics4(11), 760–766 (2010). [CrossRef]
M. A. Foster, R. Salem, D. F. Geraghty, A. C. Turner-Foster, M. Lipson, and A. L. Gaeta, “Silicon-chip-based ultrafast optical oscilloscope,” Nature456(7218), 81–84 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
R. Salem, M. A. Foster, A. C. Turner, D. F. Geraghty, M. Lipson, and A. L. Gaeta, “Optical time lens based on four-wave mixing on a silicon chip,” Opt. Lett.33(10), 1047–1049 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
A. Pasquazi, Y. Park, S. T. Chu, B. E. Little, F. Légaré, R. Morandotti, J. Azaña, and D. J. Moss, “Time-lens measurement of subpicosecond optical pulses in CMOS compatible high-index glass waveguides,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.18(2), 629–636 (2012). [CrossRef]
E. K. Tien, X. Z. Sang, F. Qing, Q. Song, and O. Boyraz, “Ultrafast pulse characterization using cross phase modulation in silicon,” Appl. Phys. Lett.95(5), 051101 (2009). [CrossRef]
C. V. Bennett, R. P. Scott, and B. H. Kolner, “Temporal magnification and reversal of 100 Gb/s optical-data with an up-conversion time microscope,” Appl. Phys. Lett.65(20), 2513–2515 (1994). [CrossRef]
R. Trebino, “Frequency resolved optical gating: the measurement of ultrashort optical pulses,” (Kluwer Academic, 2002).
C. Iaconis and I. A. Walmsley, “Spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction of ultrashort optical pulses,” Opt. Lett.23(10), 792–794 (1998). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
C. Iaconis and I. A. Walmsley, “Self-referencing spectral interferometry for measuring ultrashort optical pulses,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron.35(4), 501–509 (1999). [CrossRef]
M. Takeda, H. Ina, and S. Kobayashi, “Fourier-transform method of fringe-pattern analysis for computer-based topography and interferometry,” J. Opt. Soc. Am.72(1), 156–160 (1982). [CrossRef]
M. Hirasawa, N. Nakagawa, K. Yamamoto, R. Morita, H. Shigekawa, and M. Yamashita, “Sensitivity improvement of spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction for the characterization of low-intensity femtosecond pulses,” Appl. Phys. B74(9Suppl. S), s225–s229 (2002). [CrossRef]
P. Londero, M. E. Anderson, C. Radzewicz, C. Iaconis, and I. A. Walmsley, “Measuring ultrafast pulses in the near-ultraviolet using spectral phase interferometry for direct electric field reconstruction,” J. Mod. Opt.50, 179–184 (2003).
L. Gallmann, D. H. Sutter, N. Matuschek, G. Steinmeyer, U. Keller, C. Iaconis, and I. A. Walmsley, “Characterization of sub-6-fs optical pulses with spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction,” Opt. Lett.24(18), 1314–1316 (1999). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
C. Dorrer, B. de Beauvoir, C. Le Blanc, S. Ranc, J.-P. Rousseau, P. Rousseau, J.-P. Chambaret, and F. Salin, “Single-shot real-time characterization of chirped-pulse amplification systems by spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction,” Opt. Lett.24(22), 1644–1646 (1999). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Wemans, G. Figueira, N. Lopes, and L. Cardoso, “Self-referencing spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction with chirped pulses,” Opt. Lett.31(14), 2217–2219 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
A. Pasquazi, M. Peccianti, Y. Park, B. E. Little, S. T. Chu, R. Morandotti, J. Azaña, and D. J. Moss, “Sub-picosecond phase-sensitive optical pulse characterization on a chip,” Nat. Photonics5(10), 618–623 (2011). [CrossRef]
J. Bromage, C. Dorrer, I. A. Begishev, N. G. Usechak, and J. D. Zuegel, “Highly sensitive, single-shot characterization for pulse widths from 0.4 to 85 ps using electro-optic shearing interferometry,” Opt. Lett.31(23), 3523–3525 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
D. R. Austin, T. Witting, and I. A. Walmsley, “High precision self-referenced phase retrieval of complex pulses with multiple-shearing spectral interferometry,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B26(9), 1818–1830 (2009). [CrossRef]
T. Witting, D. R. Austin, and I. A. Walmsley, “Ultrashort pulse characterization by spectral shearing interferometry with spatially chirped ancillae,” Opt. Express17(21), 18983–18994 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
D. R. Austin, T. Witting, and I. A. Walmsley, “Resolution of the relative phase ambiguity in spectral shearing interferometry of ultrashort pulses,” Opt. Lett.35(12), 1971–1973 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Cohen, P. Bowlan, V. Chauhan, P. Vaughan, and R. Trebino, “Single-shot multiple-delay crossed-beam spectral interferometry for measuring extremely complex pulses,” Opt. Commun.284(15), 3785–3794 (2011). [CrossRef]
L. Cohen, “Wigner distribution for finite duration or band-limited signals and limiting cases,” IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech35(6), 796–806 (1987). [CrossRef]
F. Hlawatsch, “Interference terms in the Wigner distribution,” Digit. Signal Process.84, 363–367 (1984).
C. Dorrer and I. A. Walmsley, “Precision and consistency criteria in spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B19(5), 1030–1038 (2002). [CrossRef]
C. Dorrer and I. A. Walmsley, “Accuracy criterion for ultrashort pulse characterization techniques: application to spectral phase interferometry for direct electric field reconstruction,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B19(5), 1019–1029 (2002). [CrossRef]

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[1] I. A. Walmsley and C. Dorrer, “Characterization of ultrashort electromagnetic pulses,” Adv. Opt. Photonics1(2), 308–437 (2009). [CrossRef]

[2] R. Slavík, F. Parmigiani, J. Kakande, C. Lundström, M. Sjödin, P. A. Andrekson, R. Weerasuriya, S. Sygletos, A. D. Ellis, L. Grüner-Nielsen, D. Jakobsen, S. Herstrøm, R. Phelan, J. O'Gorman, A. Bogris, D. Syvridis, S. Dasgupta, P. Petropoulos, and D. J. Richardson, “All-optical phase and amplitude regenerator for next-generation telecommunications systems,” Nat. Photonics4(10), 690–695 (2010). [CrossRef]

[3] R.-J. Essiambre, G. Kramer, P. J. Winzer, G. J. Foschini, and B. Goebel, “Capacity limits of optical fiber networks,” J. Lightwave Technol.28(4), 662–701 (2010). [CrossRef]

[4] N. K. Fontaine, R. Scott, L. Zhou, F. M. Soares, J. Heritage, and S. Yoo, “Real-time full-field arbitrary optical waveform measurement,” Nat. Photonics4(4), 248–254 (2010). [CrossRef]

[5] Z. Jiang, C.-B. Huang, D. E. Leaird, and A. Weiner, “Optical arbitrary waveform processing of more than 100 spectral comb lines,” Nat. Photonics1(8), 463–467 (2007). [CrossRef]

[6] S. T. Cundiff and A. M. Weiner, “Optical arbitrary waveform generation,” Nat. Photonics4(11), 760–766 (2010). [CrossRef]

[7] M. A. Foster, R. Salem, D. F. Geraghty, A. C. Turner-Foster, M. Lipson, and A. L. Gaeta, “Silicon-chip-based ultrafast optical oscilloscope,” Nature456(7218), 81–84 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[8] R. Salem, M. A. Foster, A. C. Turner, D. F. Geraghty, M. Lipson, and A. L. Gaeta, “Optical time lens based on four-wave mixing on a silicon chip,” Opt. Lett.33(10), 1047–1049 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[9] A. Pasquazi, Y. Park, S. T. Chu, B. E. Little, F. Légaré, R. Morandotti, J. Azaña, and D. J. Moss, “Time-lens measurement of subpicosecond optical pulses in CMOS compatible high-index glass waveguides,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.18(2), 629–636 (2012). [CrossRef]

[10] E. K. Tien, X. Z. Sang, F. Qing, Q. Song, and O. Boyraz, “Ultrafast pulse characterization using cross phase modulation in silicon,” Appl. Phys. Lett.95(5), 051101 (2009). [CrossRef]

[11] C. V. Bennett, R. P. Scott, and B. H. Kolner, “Temporal magnification and reversal of 100 Gb/s optical-data with an up-conversion time microscope,” Appl. Phys. Lett.65(20), 2513–2515 (1994). [CrossRef]

[12] R. Trebino, “Frequency resolved optical gating: the measurement of ultrashort optical pulses,” (Kluwer Academic, 2002).

[13] C. Iaconis and I. A. Walmsley, “Spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction of ultrashort optical pulses,” Opt. Lett.23(10), 792–794 (1998). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[14] C. Iaconis and I. A. Walmsley, “Self-referencing spectral interferometry for measuring ultrashort optical pulses,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron.35(4), 501–509 (1999). [CrossRef]

[15] M. Takeda, H. Ina, and S. Kobayashi, “Fourier-transform method of fringe-pattern analysis for computer-based topography and interferometry,” J. Opt. Soc. Am.72(1), 156–160 (1982). [CrossRef]

[16] M. Hirasawa, N. Nakagawa, K. Yamamoto, R. Morita, H. Shigekawa, and M. Yamashita, “Sensitivity improvement of spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction for the characterization of low-intensity femtosecond pulses,” Appl. Phys. B74(9Suppl. S), s225–s229 (2002). [CrossRef]

[17] P. Londero, M. E. Anderson, C. Radzewicz, C. Iaconis, and I. A. Walmsley, “Measuring ultrafast pulses in the near-ultraviolet using spectral phase interferometry for direct electric field reconstruction,” J. Mod. Opt.50, 179–184 (2003).

[18] L. Gallmann, D. H. Sutter, N. Matuschek, G. Steinmeyer, U. Keller, C. Iaconis, and I. A. Walmsley, “Characterization of sub-6-fs optical pulses with spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction,” Opt. Lett.24(18), 1314–1316 (1999). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[19] C. Dorrer, B. de Beauvoir, C. Le Blanc, S. Ranc, J.-P. Rousseau, P. Rousseau, J.-P. Chambaret, and F. Salin, “Single-shot real-time characterization of chirped-pulse amplification systems by spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction,” Opt. Lett.24(22), 1644–1646 (1999). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[20] J. Wemans, G. Figueira, N. Lopes, and L. Cardoso, “Self-referencing spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction with chirped pulses,” Opt. Lett.31(14), 2217–2219 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[21] A. Pasquazi, M. Peccianti, Y. Park, B. E. Little, S. T. Chu, R. Morandotti, J. Azaña, and D. J. Moss, “Sub-picosecond phase-sensitive optical pulse characterization on a chip,” Nat. Photonics5(10), 618–623 (2011). [CrossRef]

[22] J. Bromage, C. Dorrer, I. A. Begishev, N. G. Usechak, and J. D. Zuegel, “Highly sensitive, single-shot characterization for pulse widths from 0.4 to 85 ps using electro-optic shearing interferometry,” Opt. Lett.31(23), 3523–3525 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[23] D. R. Austin, T. Witting, and I. A. Walmsley, “High precision self-referenced phase retrieval of complex pulses with multiple-shearing spectral interferometry,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B26(9), 1818–1830 (2009). [CrossRef]

[24] T. Witting, D. R. Austin, and I. A. Walmsley, “Ultrashort pulse characterization by spectral shearing interferometry with spatially chirped ancillae,” Opt. Express17(21), 18983–18994 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[25] D. R. Austin, T. Witting, and I. A. Walmsley, “Resolution of the relative phase ambiguity in spectral shearing interferometry of ultrashort pulses,” Opt. Lett.35(12), 1971–1973 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[26] J. Cohen, P. Bowlan, V. Chauhan, P. Vaughan, and R. Trebino, “Single-shot multiple-delay crossed-beam spectral interferometry for measuring extremely complex pulses,” Opt. Commun.284(15), 3785–3794 (2011). [CrossRef]

[27] L. Cohen, “Wigner distribution for finite duration or band-limited signals and limiting cases,” IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech35(6), 796–806 (1987). [CrossRef]

[28] F. Hlawatsch, “Interference terms in the Wigner distribution,” Digit. Signal Process.84, 363–367 (1984).

[29] C. Dorrer and I. A. Walmsley, “Precision and consistency criteria in spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B19(5), 1030–1038 (2002). [CrossRef]

[30] C. Dorrer and I. A. Walmsley, “Accuracy criterion for ultrashort pulse characterization techniques: application to spectral phase interferometry for direct electric field reconstruction,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B19(5), 1019–1029 (2002). [CrossRef]

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FLEA: Fresnel-limited extraction algorithm applied to spectral phase interferometry for direct field reconstruction (SPIDER)