High color rending index and high-efficiency white organic light-emitting diodes based on the control of red phosphorescent dye-doped hole transport layer

doi:10.1364/OE.21.00A173

High color rending index and high-efficiency white organic light-emitting diodes based on the control of red phosphorescent dye-doped hole transport layer

M. Y. Zhang, F. F. Wang, N. Wei, P. C. Zhou, K. J. Peng, J. N. Yu, Z. X. Wang, and B. Wei »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 21, Issue S1, pp. A173-A178 (2013)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.21.00A173

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Abstract

We have investigated the transport characteristics of red phosphorescent dye bis(1-(phenyl)isoquinoline) iridium (III) acetylanetonate (Ir(piq)₂acac) doped 4,4’,4”-tri(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA), and found that the increasing doping ratio was facilitated to improve the ability of hole transporting. A high color rendering index (CRI) and high-efficiency WOLED was achieved by employing Ir(piq)₂acac doped TCTA film as an effective red emissive layer due to the generation of charge transfer complex (CTC) at the interface. The relative proportion in red: green: blue emission intensity can be controlled by the CTC concentration to obtain high CRI WOLEDs. The WOLED with an optimal red dye doping concentration of 5 wt% exhibits a high CRI of 89 and a power efficiency of 31.2 lm/W and 27.5 lm/W at the initial luminance and 100 cd/m², respectively. The devices show little variation of the Commission Internationale de I’Eclairage coordinates in a wide range of luminance.

OCIS Codes
(160.4670) Materials : Optical materials
(230.3670) Optical devices : Light-emitting diodes
(310.6860) Thin films : Thin films, optical properties
(330.1715) Vision, color, and visual optics : Color, rendering and metamerism

ToC Category:
Light-Emitting Diodes

History
Original Manuscript: July 26, 2012
Revised Manuscript: October 17, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: October 17, 2012
Published: December 21, 2012

Citation
M. Y. Zhang, F. F. Wang, N. Wei, P. C. Zhou, K. J. Peng, J. N. Yu, Z. X. Wang, and B. Wei, "High color rending index and high-efficiency white organic light-emitting diodes based on the control of red phosphorescent dye-doped hole transport layer," Opt. Express 21, A173-A178 (2013)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-21-S1-A173

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References

B. W. D’Andrade and S. R. Forrest, “White organic light-emitting devices for solid-state lighting,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)16(18), 1585–1595 (2004). [CrossRef]
Y. Ohno, “Color rendering and luminous efficacy of white LED spectra,” Proc. SPIE5530, 88–98 (2004). [CrossRef]
CIE 17.4–1987, “International lighting vocabulary,” No. 845–02–59 (1987).
Y. W. Ko, C. H. Chung, J. H. Lee, Y. H. Kim, C. Y. Sohn, B. C. Kim, C. S. Hwang, Y. H. Song, J. Lim, Y. J. Ahn, G. W. Kang, N. Lee, and C. Lee, “Efficient white organic light emission by single emitting layer,” Thin Solid Films426(1-2), 246–249 (2003). [CrossRef]
R. S. Deshpande, V. Bulovic´, and S. R. Forrest, “White-light-emitting organic electroluminescent devices based on interlayer sequential energy transfer,” Appl. Phys. Lett.75(7), 888–890 (1999). [CrossRef]
J. Kido, M. Kimura, and K. Nagai, “Multilayer white light-emitting organic electroluminescent device,” Science267(5202), 1332–1334 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
G. T. Lei, L. D. Wang, and Y. Qiu, “Multilayer organic electrophosphorescent white light-emitting diodes without exciton-blocking layer,” Appl. Phys. Lett.88(10), 103508 (2006). [CrossRef]
C. W. Ko and Y. T. Tao, “Bright white organic light-emitting diode,” Appl. Phys. Lett.79(25), 4234–4236 (2001). [CrossRef]
Y. Sato, T. Ogata, S. Ichinosawa, and Y. Murata, “Characteristics of organic electroluminescent devices with new dopants,” Synth. Met.91(1-3), 103–107 (1997). [CrossRef]
T. K. Hatwar, J. P. Spindler, M. L. Ricks, R. H. Young, Y. Hamada, N. Saito, K. Mameno, R. Nishikawa, H. Takahashi, and G. Rajeswaran, “High-efficiency white OLEDs based on small molecules,” Proc. SPIE5214, 233–240 (2004). [CrossRef]
T. H. Liu, Y. S. Wu, M. T. Lee, H. H. Chen, C. H. Liao, and C. H. Chen, “Highly efficient yellow and with organic electroluminescent devices base on sterically hindered tetra (t-butyl) rubrene dopant,” Appl. Phys. Lett.85, 4304–4306 (2004). [CrossRef]
Y. Sun, N. C. Giebink, H. Kanno, B. Ma, M. E. Thompson, and S. R. Forrest, “Management of singlet and triplet excitons for efficient white organic light-emitting devices,” Nature440(7086), 908–912 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
G. Li and J. Shinar, “Combinatorial fabrication and studies of bright white organic light-emitting devices based on emission from rubrene-doped 4,4′-bis(2,2′-diphenylvinyl)-1,1′-biphenyl,” Appl. Phys. Lett.83(26), 5359–5361 (2003). [CrossRef]
K. O. Cheon and J. Shinar, “Bright white small molecular organic light-emitting devices based on a red-emitting guest-host layer and blue-emitting 4,4′-bis(2,2′-diphenylvinyl)-1,1′-biphenyl,” Appl. Phys. Lett.81(9), 1738–1740 (2002). [CrossRef]
S. Reineke, G. Schwartz, K. Walzer, and K. Leo, “Reduced efficiency roll-off in phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes by suppression of triplet-triplet annihilation,” Appl. Phys. Lett.91, 123508 (2007).
H. S. Yang, Y. W. Shi, Y. Zhao, Y. L. Meng, W. Hu, J. Y. Hou, and S. Y. Liu, “High colour rendering index white organic light-emitting devices with three emitting layers,” Displays29(4), 327–332 (2008). [CrossRef]
J. H. Jou, S. M. Shen, C. R. Lin, Y. S. Wang, Y. C. Chou, S. Z. Chen, and Y. C. Jou, “Efficient very-high rendering index organic light-emitting diode,” Org. Electron.12(5), 865–868 (2011). [CrossRef]

Ahn, Y. J.
Bulovic´, V.
Chen, C. H.
Chen, H. H.
Chen, S. Z.
Cheon, K. O.
Chou, Y. C.
Chung, C. H.
D’Andrade, B. W.
Deshpande, R. S.
Forrest, S. R.
Giebink, N. C.
Hamada, Y.
Hatwar, T. K.
Hou, J. Y.
Hu, W.
Hwang, C. S.
Ichinosawa, S.
Jou, J. H.
Jou, Y. C.
Kang, G. W.
Kanno, H.
Kido, J.
Kim, B. C.
Kim, Y. H.
Kimura, M.
Ko, C. W.
Ko, Y. W.
Lee, C.
Lee, J. H.
Lee, M. T.
Lee, N.
Lei, G. T.
Leo, K.
Li, G.
Liao, C. H.
Lim, J.
Lin, C. R.
Liu, S. Y.
Liu, T. H.
Ma, B.
Mameno, K.
Meng, Y. L.
Murata, Y.
Nagai, K.
Nishikawa, R.
Ogata, T.
Ohno, Y.
Qiu, Y.
Rajeswaran, G.
Reineke, S.
Ricks, M. L.
Saito, N.
Sato, Y.
Schwartz, G.
Shen, S. M.
Shi, Y. W.
Shinar, J.
Sohn, C. Y.
Song, Y. H.
Spindler, J. P.
Sun, Y.
Takahashi, H.
Tao, Y. T.
Thompson, M. E.
Walzer, K.
Wang, L. D.
Wang, Y. S.
Wu, Y. S.
Yang, H. S.
Young, R. H.
Zhao, Y.

Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)

B. W. D’Andrade and S. R. Forrest, “White organic light-emitting devices for solid-state lighting,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)16(18), 1585–1595 (2004). [CrossRef]

Appl. Phys. Lett.

R. S. Deshpande, V. Bulovic´, and S. R. Forrest, “White-light-emitting organic electroluminescent devices based on interlayer sequential energy transfer,” Appl. Phys. Lett.75(7), 888–890 (1999). [CrossRef]
G. T. Lei, L. D. Wang, and Y. Qiu, “Multilayer organic electrophosphorescent white light-emitting diodes without exciton-blocking layer,” Appl. Phys. Lett.88(10), 103508 (2006). [CrossRef]
C. W. Ko and Y. T. Tao, “Bright white organic light-emitting diode,” Appl. Phys. Lett.79(25), 4234–4236 (2001). [CrossRef]
G. Li and J. Shinar, “Combinatorial fabrication and studies of bright white organic light-emitting devices based on emission from rubrene-doped 4,4′-bis(2,2′-diphenylvinyl)-1,1′-biphenyl,” Appl. Phys. Lett.83(26), 5359–5361 (2003). [CrossRef]
K. O. Cheon and J. Shinar, “Bright white small molecular organic light-emitting devices based on a red-emitting guest-host layer and blue-emitting 4,4′-bis(2,2′-diphenylvinyl)-1,1′-biphenyl,” Appl. Phys. Lett.81(9), 1738–1740 (2002). [CrossRef]
S. Reineke, G. Schwartz, K. Walzer, and K. Leo, “Reduced efficiency roll-off in phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes by suppression of triplet-triplet annihilation,” Appl. Phys. Lett.91, 123508 (2007).
T. H. Liu, Y. S. Wu, M. T. Lee, H. H. Chen, C. H. Liao, and C. H. Chen, “Highly efficient yellow and with organic electroluminescent devices base on sterically hindered tetra (t-butyl) rubrene dopant,” Appl. Phys. Lett.85, 4304–4306 (2004). [CrossRef]

Displays

H. S. Yang, Y. W. Shi, Y. Zhao, Y. L. Meng, W. Hu, J. Y. Hou, and S. Y. Liu, “High colour rendering index white organic light-emitting devices with three emitting layers,” Displays29(4), 327–332 (2008). [CrossRef]

Nature

Y. Sun, N. C. Giebink, H. Kanno, B. Ma, M. E. Thompson, and S. R. Forrest, “Management of singlet and triplet excitons for efficient white organic light-emitting devices,” Nature440(7086), 908–912 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Org. Electron.

J. H. Jou, S. M. Shen, C. R. Lin, Y. S. Wang, Y. C. Chou, S. Z. Chen, and Y. C. Jou, “Efficient very-high rendering index organic light-emitting diode,” Org. Electron.12(5), 865–868 (2011). [CrossRef]

Proc. SPIE

T. K. Hatwar, J. P. Spindler, M. L. Ricks, R. H. Young, Y. Hamada, N. Saito, K. Mameno, R. Nishikawa, H. Takahashi, and G. Rajeswaran, “High-efficiency white OLEDs based on small molecules,” Proc. SPIE5214, 233–240 (2004). [CrossRef]
Y. Ohno, “Color rendering and luminous efficacy of white LED spectra,” Proc. SPIE5530, 88–98 (2004). [CrossRef]

Science

J. Kido, M. Kimura, and K. Nagai, “Multilayer white light-emitting organic electroluminescent device,” Science267(5202), 1332–1334 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Synth. Met.

Y. Sato, T. Ogata, S. Ichinosawa, and Y. Murata, “Characteristics of organic electroluminescent devices with new dopants,” Synth. Met.91(1-3), 103–107 (1997). [CrossRef]

Thin Solid Films

Y. W. Ko, C. H. Chung, J. H. Lee, Y. H. Kim, C. Y. Sohn, B. C. Kim, C. S. Hwang, Y. H. Song, J. Lim, Y. J. Ahn, G. W. Kang, N. Lee, and C. Lee, “Efficient white organic light emission by single emitting layer,” Thin Solid Films426(1-2), 246–249 (2003). [CrossRef]

Other

CIE 17.4–1987, “International lighting vocabulary,” No. 845–02–59 (1987).

2011, Jou, Org. Electron.
2008, Yang, Displays
2007, Reineke, Appl. Phys. Lett.
2006, Sun, Nature
2006, Lei, Appl. Phys. Lett.
2004, Hatwar, Proc. SPIE
2004, Liu, Appl. Phys. Lett.
2004, D’Andrade, Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)
2004, Ohno, Proc. SPIE
2003, Ko, Thin Solid Films
2003, Li, Appl. Phys. Lett.
2002, Cheon, Appl. Phys. Lett.
2001, Ko, Appl. Phys. Lett.
1999, Deshpande, Appl. Phys. Lett.
1997, Sato, Synth. Met.
1995, Kido, Science

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[1] B. W. D’Andrade and S. R. Forrest, “White organic light-emitting devices for solid-state lighting,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)16(18), 1585–1595 (2004). [CrossRef]

[2] Y. Ohno, “Color rendering and luminous efficacy of white LED spectra,” Proc. SPIE5530, 88–98 (2004). [CrossRef]

[3] CIE 17.4–1987, “International lighting vocabulary,” No. 845–02–59 (1987).

[4] Y. W. Ko, C. H. Chung, J. H. Lee, Y. H. Kim, C. Y. Sohn, B. C. Kim, C. S. Hwang, Y. H. Song, J. Lim, Y. J. Ahn, G. W. Kang, N. Lee, and C. Lee, “Efficient white organic light emission by single emitting layer,” Thin Solid Films426(1-2), 246–249 (2003). [CrossRef]

[5] R. S. Deshpande, V. Bulovic´, and S. R. Forrest, “White-light-emitting organic electroluminescent devices based on interlayer sequential energy transfer,” Appl. Phys. Lett.75(7), 888–890 (1999). [CrossRef]

[6] J. Kido, M. Kimura, and K. Nagai, “Multilayer white light-emitting organic electroluminescent device,” Science267(5202), 1332–1334 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[7] G. T. Lei, L. D. Wang, and Y. Qiu, “Multilayer organic electrophosphorescent white light-emitting diodes without exciton-blocking layer,” Appl. Phys. Lett.88(10), 103508 (2006). [CrossRef]

[8] C. W. Ko and Y. T. Tao, “Bright white organic light-emitting diode,” Appl. Phys. Lett.79(25), 4234–4236 (2001). [CrossRef]

[9] Y. Sato, T. Ogata, S. Ichinosawa, and Y. Murata, “Characteristics of organic electroluminescent devices with new dopants,” Synth. Met.91(1-3), 103–107 (1997). [CrossRef]

[10] T. K. Hatwar, J. P. Spindler, M. L. Ricks, R. H. Young, Y. Hamada, N. Saito, K. Mameno, R. Nishikawa, H. Takahashi, and G. Rajeswaran, “High-efficiency white OLEDs based on small molecules,” Proc. SPIE5214, 233–240 (2004). [CrossRef]

[11] T. H. Liu, Y. S. Wu, M. T. Lee, H. H. Chen, C. H. Liao, and C. H. Chen, “Highly efficient yellow and with organic electroluminescent devices base on sterically hindered tetra (t-butyl) rubrene dopant,” Appl. Phys. Lett.85, 4304–4306 (2004). [CrossRef]

[12] Y. Sun, N. C. Giebink, H. Kanno, B. Ma, M. E. Thompson, and S. R. Forrest, “Management of singlet and triplet excitons for efficient white organic light-emitting devices,” Nature440(7086), 908–912 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[13] G. Li and J. Shinar, “Combinatorial fabrication and studies of bright white organic light-emitting devices based on emission from rubrene-doped 4,4′-bis(2,2′-diphenylvinyl)-1,1′-biphenyl,” Appl. Phys. Lett.83(26), 5359–5361 (2003). [CrossRef]

[14] K. O. Cheon and J. Shinar, “Bright white small molecular organic light-emitting devices based on a red-emitting guest-host layer and blue-emitting 4,4′-bis(2,2′-diphenylvinyl)-1,1′-biphenyl,” Appl. Phys. Lett.81(9), 1738–1740 (2002). [CrossRef]

[15] S. Reineke, G. Schwartz, K. Walzer, and K. Leo, “Reduced efficiency roll-off in phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes by suppression of triplet-triplet annihilation,” Appl. Phys. Lett.91, 123508 (2007).

[16] H. S. Yang, Y. W. Shi, Y. Zhao, Y. L. Meng, W. Hu, J. Y. Hou, and S. Y. Liu, “High colour rendering index white organic light-emitting devices with three emitting layers,” Displays29(4), 327–332 (2008). [CrossRef]

[17] J. H. Jou, S. M. Shen, C. R. Lin, Y. S. Wang, Y. C. Chou, S. Z. Chen, and Y. C. Jou, “Efficient very-high rendering index organic light-emitting diode,” Org. Electron.12(5), 865–868 (2011). [CrossRef]

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High color rending index and high-efficiency white organic light-emitting diodes based on the control of red phosphorescent dye-doped hole transport layer