We study the cladding modes of photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) using a fully vectorial method. This approach enables us to analyze the modes and incorporate material dispersion in a straightforward fashion. We find the field flow lines, intensity distribution and polarization properties of these modes. The effective cladding indices of different PCFs are investigated in detail.

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1. D. Mogilevtsev, T. A. Birks, and P. St. J. Russell, "Group-velocity dispersion in photonic crystal fibers," Opt. Lett. 23, 1662-1664 (1998). [CrossRef]
2. T. M. Monro, D. J. Richardson, N. G. R. Broderick, and P. J. Bennett, "Holey optical fibers: an efficient modal model," J. Lightwave Technol. 17, 1093-1102 (1999). [CrossRef]
3. T. A. Birks, J. C. Knight, and P. St. J. Russell, "Endlessly single-mode photonic crystal fiber," Opt. Lett. 22, 961-963 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
4. J. C. Knight, J. Boreng, T. A. Birks, and P. St. J. Russell, "Photonic band gap guidance in optical fibers," Science 282, 1476-1478 (1998). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
5. R. F. Cregan, B. J. Mangan, J. C. Knight, T. A. Birks, P. St. J. Russell, P. J. Roberts, and D. C. Allen, "Single-mode photonic band gap guidance of light in air," Science 285, 1537-1539 (1999). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
6. M. Midrio, M. P. Singh, and C. G. Someda, "The space filling mode of holey fibers: an analytical vectorial solution," J. Lightwave Technol. 18, 1031 (2000). [CrossRef]
7. A. A. Maradudin and A. R. McGurn, "Out of plane propagation of electromagnetic waves in two-dimensional periodic dielectric medium," J. Mod. Opt. 41, 275-284 (1994). [CrossRef]
8. J. Broeng, T. Sondergaard, S. E. Barkou, P. M. Barbeito, and A. Bjarklev, "Waveguidance by the photonic bandgap effect in optical fiber," J. Opt. A - Pure Appl. Opt. 1, 477-482 (1999). [CrossRef]
9. E. Silvestre, M. V. Andres, and P. Andres, "Biorthonormal-basis method for the vector description of optical fiber modes," J. Lightwave Technol. 16, 923-928 (1998). [CrossRef]
10. A. Ferrando, E. Silvestre, J. J. Miret, P. Andres, and M. V. Andres, "Full-vector analysis of a realistic photonic crystal fiber," Opt. Lett. 24, 276-278 (1999). [CrossRef]
11. G. Agrawal, Nonlinear Fiber Optics (Academic, New York, 1995).
12. D. Mogilevtsev, T. A. Birks, and P. St. J. Russell, "Localized function method for modeling defect modes in 2-d photonic crystals," J. Lightwave Technol. 17, 2078-2081 (1999); T. M. Monro, D. J. Richardson, N. G. R. Broderick, and P. J. Bennett, "Modeling large air fraction holey optical fibers," J. Lightwave Technol. 18, 50-56 (2000). [CrossRef]

Other

• D. Mogilevtsev, T. A. Birks, and P. St. J. Russell, "Group-velocity dispersion in photonic crystal fibers," Opt. Lett. 23, 1662-1664 (1998). [CrossRef]
• T. M. Monro, D. J. Richardson, N. G. R. Broderick, and P. J. Bennett, "Holey optical fibers: an efficient modal model," J. Lightwave Technol. 17, 1093-1102 (1999). [CrossRef]
• T. A. Birks, J. C. Knight, and P. St. J. Russell, "Endlessly single-mode photonic crystal fiber," Opt. Lett. 22, 961-963 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• J. C. Knight, J. Boreng, T. A. Birks, and P. St. J. Russell, "Photonic band gap guidance in optical fibers," Science 282, 1476-1478 (1998). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• R. F. Cregan, B. J. Mangan, J. C. Knight, T. A. Birks, P. St. J. Russell, P. J. Roberts, and D. C. Allen, "Single-mode photonic band gap guidance of light in air," Science 285, 1537-1539 (1999). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• M. Midrio, M. P. Singh, and C. G. Someda, "The space filling mode of holey fibers: an analytical vectorial solution," J. Lightwave Technol. 18, 1031 (2000). [CrossRef]
• A. A. Maradudin and A. R. McGurn, "Out of plane propagation of electromagnetic waves in two-dimensional periodic dielectric medium," J. Mod. Opt. 41, 275-284 (1994). [CrossRef]
• J. Broeng, T. Sondergaard, S. E. Barkou, P. M. Barbeito, and A. Bjarklev, "Waveguidance by the photonic bandgap effect in optical fiber," J. Opt. A - Pure Appl. Opt. 1, 477-482 (1999). [CrossRef]
• E. Silvestre, M. V. Andres, and P. Andres, "Biorthonormal-basis method for the vector description of optical fiber modes," J. Lightwave Technol. 16, 923-928 (1998). [CrossRef]
• A. Ferrando, E. Silvestre, J. J. Miret, P. Andres, and M. V. Andres, "Full-vector analysis of a realistic photonic crystal fiber," Opt. Lett. 24, 276-278 (1999). [CrossRef]
• G. Agrawal, Nonlinear Fiber Optics (Academic, New York, 1995).
• D. Mogilevtsev, T. A. Birks, and P. St. J. Russell, "Localized function method for modeling defect modes in 2-d photonic crystals," J. Lightwave Technol. 17, 2078-2081 (1999); T. M. Monro, D. J. Richardson, N. G. R. Broderick, and P. J. Bennett, "Modeling large air fraction holey optical fibers," J. Lightwave Technol. 18, 50-56 (2000). [CrossRef]

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