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Optics Express

  • Editor: Michael Duncan
  • Vol. 13, Iss. 26 — Dec. 26, 2005
  • pp: 10760–10767

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Experimental investigation of the nonlinear optical loop mirror with twisted fiber and birefringence bias

B. Ibarra-Escamilla, E. A. Kuzin, P. Zaca-Morán, R. Grajales-Coutiño, F. Mendez-Martinez, O. Pottiez, R. Rojas-Laguna, and J. W. Haus  »View Author Affiliations


Optics Express, Vol. 13, Issue 26, pp. 10760-10767 (2005)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OPEX.13.010760


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Abstract

We examine the transmission characteristics of a NOLM device using a symmetrical coupler, highly twisted fiber, and a quarter-wave (QW) retarder plate introducing a polarization asymmetry in the loop. We demonstrate high dynamic range with controllable transmissivity, and good stability over long times. We experimentally study the transmission behavior for different input polarization states and distinguish between different polarization components of the output beam. Experiments are in good agreement with our theoretical approach previously published. Appropriate choice of the input and output polarizations allows a very high dynamic range. The adjustment of the QW retarder and input polarization enables tuning the critical power over a wide range.

© 2005 Optical Society of America

1. Introduction

The Nonlinear Optical Loop Mirror (NOLM) was introduced in [1

N. J. Doran and D. Wood, “Nonlinear optical loop mirror,” Opt. Lett. 13, 56–58 (1988).

] and has attracted considerable attention for optical switching [2

J. D. Moores, K. Bergman, H. A. Haus, and E. P. Ippen, “Optical switching using fiber ring reflectors,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 8, 594–601 (1991).

, 3

A. Agarwal, L. Wang, Y. Su, and P. Kumar, “All-optical loadable and erasable storage buffer based on parametric nonlinearity in fiber,” J. Lightwave Technol. 23, 2229–2238 (2005).

, 4

O. Pottiez, E. A. Kuzin, B. Ibarra-Escamilla, J. L. Camas-Anzueto, and F. Gutierrez-Zainos, “Experimental demonstration of NOLM switching based on nonlinear polarization rotation,” Electron. Lett. 40, 892–894 (2004).

, 5

W. Cao and P. K. A. Wai, “Comparison of fiber-based Sagnac interferometers for self-switching of optical pulses,” Opt. Commun. 245, 177–186 (2005).

], phase conjugation [6

H. C. Lim, F. Futami, and K. Kikuchi, “Polarization independent wavelength-shift-free optical phase conjugator using a nonlinear fiber Sagnac interferometer,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 11, 578–580 (1999).

], mode-locking [7

I. N. Duling III and M. L. Dennis, Compact sources of ultrashort pulses , Cambridge University Press:Cambridge, 1995.

, 8

E. A. Kuzin, B. Ibarra-Escamilla, D. E. Garcia-Gomez, and J. W. Haus, “Fiber laser modelocked by the nonlinear polarization rotation Sagnac interferometer,” Opt. Lett. 26, 1559–1561 (2001).

, 9

B. Ibarra-Escamilla, E. A. Kuzin, D. E. Gomez-Garcia, F. Gutierrez-Zainos, S. Mendoza-Vazquez, and J. W. Haus, “A modelocked fiber laser using a Sagnac interferometer and nonlinear polarization rotation,” J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 5, S225–S230 (2003).

, 10

I. Golub and E. Simova, “Ring resonator in a Sagnac interferometer as a birefringence magnifier,” Opt. Lett. 30, 87–89 (2005).

, 11

E. Simova, I. Golub, and M. J. Picard, “Ring resonator in a Sagnac loop,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 22, 1723–11730 (2005).

], wavelength demultiplexing [12

H. Sotobayashi, C. Sawaguchi, Y. Koyamada, and W. Chujo, “Ultrafast walk-off-free nonlinear optical loop mirror by a simplified configuration for 320-Gbit s time-division multiplexing signal demultiplexing,” Opt. Lett. 27, 1555–1557 (2002).

], pedestal suppression on pulses and pulse compression [13

M. D. Pelusi, Y. Matsui, and A. Suzuki, “Pedestal suppression from compressed femtosecond pulses using a nonlinear fiber loop mirror,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 35, 867–874 (1999).

, 14

J. H. Lee, T. Kogure, and D. J. Richardson, “Wavelength tunable 10-GHz 3-ps pulse source using a dispersion decreasing fiber-based nonlinear optical loop mirror,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 10, 181–185 (2004).

], reduction of amplitude modulation of pulse trains [15

M. Attygalle, A. Nirmalathas, and H. F. Liu, “Novel technique for reduction of amplitude modulation of pulse trains generated by subharmonic synchronous mode-locked laser,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 14, 543–545 (2002).

, 16

O. Pottiez, E. A. Kuzin, B. Ibarra-Escamilla, F. Gutierrez-Zainos, U. Ruiz-Corona, and J. T. Camas-Anzueto, “High-Order amplitude regulation of an optical pulse train using a power-symmetric NOLM with adjustable contrast,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 17, 154–156 (2005).

], and all-optical signal regeneration [17

S. Boscolo, S. K. Turitsyn, and V. K. Mezentsev, “Performance comparison of 2R and 3R optical regeneration schemes at 40 Gb/s for application to all-optical networks,” J. Lightwave Technol. 23, 304–309 (2005).

, 18

T. Sakamoto and K. Kikuchi, “160-GHz operation of nonlinear optical loop-mirror with an optical bias controller,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 17, 543–545 (2005).

]. The intensity-dependent transmission characteristic of the NOLM is originally based on a nonlinear differential phase shift between the counter-propagating beams in the loop, it is generally attributed to Self-Phase Modulation (SPM). A variation of the differential phase by π will cause a change of the NOLM from high transmission to a high reflection. However, such a differential phase shift may appear only if the NOLM power symmetry is broken in some way.

One way to obtain a differential phase is to use an asymmetrical coupler in the NOLM. In this case the dynamic range and the critical power are directly dependent on the coupling ratio (we can get either high dynamic range and high critical power, or low dynamic range between the maximum and minimum transmission and low critical power, depending on the value of the coupling ratio). The insertion loss is low in this case. A second possibility is to use a symmetrical coupler in the NOLM and an attenuator in the loop. In this case we have high dynamic range and low critical power, nevertheless the insertion loss is high.

We proposed an NOLM design with high dynamic range, low critical power and low insertion loss at the same time by using a symmetrical coupler and a polarization asymmetry between the counter-propagating beams. In this NOLM the nonlinear differential phase shift is attributed to nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR) [19

E. A. Kuzin, N. Korneev, J. W. Haus, and B. Ibarra-Escamilla, “Theory of nonliner loop mirrors with twisted low-birefringence fiber,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 18, 1058–1060 (2001).

]. The operation with a dynamic range between the maximum and minimum transmissions higher than 4000 and the large flexibility of the transmission characteristics for this configuration were experimentally demonstrated [4

O. Pottiez, E. A. Kuzin, B. Ibarra-Escamilla, J. L. Camas-Anzueto, and F. Gutierrez-Zainos, “Experimental demonstration of NOLM switching based on nonlinear polarization rotation,” Electron. Lett. 40, 892–894 (2004).

, 20

O. Pottiez, E. A. Kuzin, B. Ibarra-Escamilla, J. T. Camas-Anzueto, and F. Gutierrez-Zainos, “Easily tunable nonlinear optical loop mirror based on polarization asymmetry,” Opt. Express 12, 3878–3887 (2004), http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-12-16-3878

]. In a previous paper we theoretically studied the polarization dependence of the NOLM operation [21

O. Pottiez, E. A. Kuzin, B. Ibarra-Escamilla, and F. Mendez-Martinez, “Theoretical investigation of the NOLM with highly twisted fibre and a λ/4 birefringence bias,” Opt. Commun. 254, 152–167 (2005).

], and found an interesting polarization characteristics of the NOLM with polarization asymmetry.

In this paper, we report experimental results on the transmission behavior of the NOLM including highly twisted standard SMF-28 fiber and a quarter-wave (QW) retarder plate in the loop that introduces a polarization asymmetry. We measured the nonlinear transmission for different input polarization states separately considering different output polarization states. We found that the use of the polarization properties provides additional flexibility of the NOLM characteristic that allows the optimal adjustment for a specific application. When the polarization properties in fiber devices are used, sensitivity to environmental conditions is normally expected. However in our case the use of the twisted fiber in the loop results eliminates the residual birefringence, and stable operation with reproducible results is observed.

2. Experimental setup

The experimental setup is shown in Fig. 1. The NOLM is formed by a nearly symmetrical fused coupler (C1, coupling ratio 51/49), whose output ports were fusion-spliced with a 500-m loop of low-birefringence, highly twisted (7 turns/m) Corning SMF-28 standard fiber. At one end of the loop the fiber is wrapped on a cylinder to form a quarter-wave retarder plate (QW1). We gave a special attention to the proper choice for the cylinder diameter and experimentally determined that it has to be 38 mm. To check the retarder we introduced circularly polarized light and measured ellipticity at the output. We have found that the ratio Pmin /Pmax was always less than 5×10-3. The QW1 provides the polarization asymmetry of the loop. The input beam is coming from a directly modulated Mitsubishi DFB diode laser ML976H6F with a 1549 nm wavelength. We applied to the diode a 6.3 mA bias (the threshold was measured to be 10.5 m) and 30-ns long current pulses from the SRS DG535 pulse generator.

The maximum power coupled into the fiber from the laser was 1.5 mW. The pulses have a typical transient peak followed by a long plateau. Using the fast photodetectors we eliminated the transient peak from measurement and only retained the data from plateau regime. The peak power refers to the power of the plateau regime. The pulses were amplified by an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) to achieve a maximum peak power as high as 60 W. The polarization controller (PC) is adjusted to get a maximum transmission through the polarizer (P1). For one set of measurements we used a quarter-wave retarder plate (QW2) to transform the linearly polarized beam into a circularly polarized beam that was launched into the NOLM.

For a second set of the experiments we removed the element QW2 and launched a linearly polarized beam into the NOLM. In this case the polarization orientation was varied by rotating the polarizer. A small fraction of the input power was separated by a coupler (C2) with coupling ratio 1/99, detected by a photodetector, and monitored on an oscilloscope. At the NOLM output we measured the output pulse waveform for different states of polarization (circular clockwise, circular counter-clockwise and linear at different angles). For this purpose we used a polarizer P2 and a quarter-wave retarder (QW3). A photodetector was placed after the polarizer. The input and output pulses where detected by two identical InGaAs photodetectors (1-GHz bandwidth) and monitored by the 2-channel oscilloscope (Tektronix TDS3052, 500-MHz bandwidth).

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the NOLM including the source and detector systems for the experiment.

In the first set of experiments circularly polarized pulses were launched into the NOLM. For low power the NOLM behaves as a half-wave plate that changes a left circular polarization (C -) beam at the input into a right circular polarization (C +) beam at the output and vise versa. When the angle between the P2 axis and the QW3 axis is 45° this pair transmits C - or C + depending on the sign of the angle. With circularly polarized light launched into the NOLM we measured the nonlinear transmission for two positions of the P2-QW3 pair: minimum transmission at low input power and maximum transmission for low input power. When the P2-QW3 pair is adjusted for maximum transmission it means that we measure the output pulses whose polarization is orthogonal to the input polarization. When the P2-QW3 pair is adjusted for minimum transmission it means that we measure at the output the pulses whose polarization is identical to the input polarization. In the second set of experiments QW2 was removed and the orientation of the linear input polarization was changed by rotating the polarizer P1. For this set we also did not use QW3 at the output.

3. Experimental results and discussion

For low intensity the transmission of the NOLM has a periodic dependence on the angle of the QW1 with minima equal to 0 and maxima equal to 0.5 in the ideal case [22

B. Ibarra-Escamilla, E. A. Kuzin, O. Pottiez, J. W. Haus, F. Gutierrez-Zainos, R. Grajales-Coutiño, and P. Zaca-Moran, “Fiber optical loop mirror with a symmetrical coupler and a quarter-wave retarder plate in the loop,” Opt. Commun. 242, 191–197 (2004).

]. Fig. 2 shows the experimentally measured transmission versus the QW1 angle for the NOLM under investigation. This figure was obtained using the DFB diode laser operating in cw mode. For our experiments we chose two similar peaks (points A and C) with maximum transmission close to 0.5 and a minimum transmission close to 0 (point B). We attribute the small difference between the maxima to some residual birefringence in the coupler (C1) and coupler ports. Slight difference between peaks is attributed to the residual birefringence of the coupler, for details see [22

B. Ibarra-Escamilla, E. A. Kuzin, O. Pottiez, J. W. Haus, F. Gutierrez-Zainos, R. Grajales-Coutiño, and P. Zaca-Moran, “Fiber optical loop mirror with a symmetrical coupler and a quarter-wave retarder plate in the loop,” Opt. Commun. 242, 191–197 (2004).

]. To fit the theoretical dependence (solid line in the Fig. 2) with the experiment we used in the model a residual birefringence equals to λ/40 in one of the coupler output ports. We made the measurements of the nonlinear transmission when the QW1 angle was adjusted for maximum transmission as well as for minimum transmission. The values of the transmission maxima were stable and changed from day to day only within the range of 0.4–0.55.

The first set of power-dependent measurements was done with circular input polarization. Fig. 3 shows the dependence of the transmission on the input power when the QW1 position was at point A in Fig. 2 (maximum low power transmission). The red circles correspond to the adjustment of the P2-QW3 pair for measuring the output polarization orthogonal to the input polarization. In this case we have a high transmission for low input power (high transmission of the NOLM and high transmission of the P2-QW3 pair). The red line shows the theoretical fit with the same residual birefringence that was used for the Fig. 2. As the input power increases the transmission decreases. The blue circles and blue line (theoretical fit) correspond to the minimum transmission of the P2-QW3 pair, so in this case the output pulse has the same circular polarization state as the input pulse. The transmitted power of this component at low input power should be 0, if the input polarization is exactly circular.

Fig. 2. Experimental dependence (circles) and theoretical fits (solid line) of the NOLM transmission on the QW1 angle with low input power.
Fig. 3. Experimental dependence (circles) and theoretical fits (solid lines) of the NOLM transmission on the input peak power for circular input polarization of the pulses and QW1 angle in the point A. The red and blue correspond to the maximum and minimum transmission of the P2-QW3 pair, respectively. The green corresponds to the total transmission.

Our measurements were restricted by the sensitivity of our detection system to measure low power pulses at conditions when theoretically the transmission must be equal zero. The first point in the peak-power dependence is 5 W, which is the lowest peak power we could measure when the DFB laser is driven to lasing by the pulse generator. At this power the nonlinear effect appears and transmission for the first point of the dashed line is not zero. Nevertheless the extrapolation of the experimental points as well as the measurement with the cw input beam show that the low power transmission approaches zero for the dashed line. The green circles and green line (theoretical fit) in Fig. 3 represents the total transmission through the NOLM. The total transmission is expected to be independent of the input power for the ideal NOLM[20

O. Pottiez, E. A. Kuzin, B. Ibarra-Escamilla, J. T. Camas-Anzueto, and F. Gutierrez-Zainos, “Easily tunable nonlinear optical loop mirror based on polarization asymmetry,” Opt. Express 12, 3878–3887 (2004), http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-12-16-3878

] for the angle A of the QW1. Our experimental results show some increase of the transmission because of the slight misalignment of the NOLM; the maxima of the transmission in Fig. 2 are not exactly 0.5.

Fig. 4. Experimental dependence (circles) and theoretical fits (solid lines) of the NOLM transmission on the input peak power for circular input polarization of the pulses and QW1 angle in the point B. The red and blue correspond to the maximum and minimum transmission of the P2-QW3 pair, respectively. The green corresponds to the total transmission.

Figure 4 shows the result obtained when the QW1 is adjusted for the minimum of the low power transmission (point B in Fig. 2). In this case both dependencies, for output polarization orthogonal and identical to the input polarization, look similar. The transmission grows with input from zero to approximately 0.5 at the critical power. We observe the critical power for the maximum transmission around 35 W and the corresponding maximum total transmission is around 0.7. From the calculation [21

O. Pottiez, E. A. Kuzin, B. Ibarra-Escamilla, and F. Mendez-Martinez, “Theoretical investigation of the NOLM with highly twisted fibre and a λ/4 birefringence bias,” Opt. Commun. 254, 152–167 (2005).

] the critical power must be around 30 W, which is closed to the experimentally measured value. The comparison with Fig. 3 shows that the critical power at the angle B of QW1 is lower than the critical power at the angle A.

If nonlinear effects induced by polarization are ignored the calculated critical power is around 200 W for the same coupler. Our results show that with a polarization asymmetry NOLM it is possible to significantly reduce the critical power keeping very high dynamic range.

For linearly polarized input pulses we have measured the nonlinear dependence of the transmission when QW1 is adjusted to position B. For linear input polarization the polarization of the clockwise (CW) beam in the loop is linear for any input polarization orientation, whereas the polarization of the counter-clockwise (CCW) beam depends on the angle (ψ) between input polarization direction and the QW1 axes. To see how this affects the NOLM transmission, we measured the transmission for a set of the P1 polarization angles. Fig. 5 shows the experimental dependence and theoretical fits of the transmission on the input power for different P1 angles when the polarizer P2 was tuned for minimum low power transmission. If the P1 angle is positioned so that the polarization direction coincides with a QW1 principal axis, both CW and CCW beams in the loop will be linearly polarized. For this angle the transmission of NOLM is ideally zero and power independent.

We experimentally determined the P1 angle at which the nonlinear dependence was the lowest possible and marked this angle as the reference angle ψ 1 ≈ 0° (the best fit for these curves was obtained for 4.5°). When we increase ψ the critical power is decreasing as we can see for the cases: ψ 2 ≈ 10° (the best fit for these curves was obtained for 10.5°), ψ 3 ≈ 20° (the best fit for these curves was obtained for 15°), and ψ 4 ≈ 40° (the best fit for these curves was obtained for 52°). We measured the maximum transmission and minimum critical power to be at the angle ψ 4. This angle represents the situation when the CCW beam is circularly polarized. Further increase of the angle ψ, results in the NOLM transmission decreasing (see ψ 5 ≈ 50° (the best fit for these curves was obtained for 62°). According to the theory, the minimal critical power has to be obtained at ψ= 45°. The experimentally measured angle is somewhat less than this value, but the reference angle ψ= 0° was indirectly determined.

Fig. 5. Experimental dependence (circles) and theoretical fits (solid line) of the NOLM transmission for linear input polarization of the pulses. The position of P2 is adjusted for minimum transmission.

Figure 6 shows the experimental dependence (circles) and theoretical fits (solid line) of the transmission on the input power (for different orientations of P1) with the same conditions as in Fig. 5 except that P2 is adjusted for maximum transmission at low power. The dependencies are similar to that in the Fig. 5. In this figure the maximum transmission of the NOLM at critical power is around 35 W. For the results in Figs. 5 and 6 the maximum total transmission (i.e. including all polarizations) is around 0.8.

The NOLM transmission is slowly changing when we consider the same polarization for the input and output beam (see Fig. 5), and this dependence can be useful for applications such as pedestal suppression. This transmission is changing faster when we consider the orthogonal polarization for the input and output beams (see Fig. 6), and this dependence can be useful for applications like passive mode-locking.

4. Conclusions

In conclusion, we have presented an experimental investigation of the power-symmetrical NOLM with polarization asymmetry for different input polarizations. A polarization asymmetry between the counter-propagating beams was introduced by placing a quarter-wave retarder in the loop. We measured the NOLM transmission for the beam with polarization orthogonal to that of the input and for the same polarization while the quarter-wave retarder was positioned to have the minimum and the maximum total transmission of the NOLM at low power. Appropriate choice of the input polarization, output polarization, and orientation of the quarter-wave retarder allows the best choice of the characteristics for specific applications. For example we can get very high dynamic range, or we can get a transmission whose initial increase from zero is either smooth or sharp. Our experimental results are in good agreement with our theoretical calculations. The NOLM presented here operates stably with repeatable operation settings. This NOLM is very attractive for applications like pedestal suppression and amplitude regularization of optical signals, optical switching, and passive mode-locking.

Fig. 6. Experimental dependence (circles) and theoretical fits (solid line) of the NOLM transmission for linear input polarization of the pulses. The position of P2 is adjusted for maximum transmission.

Acknowledgments

JWH was supported by NSF grant INT-0226945, EK was supported by CONACYT grant 47169 and a CONACYT-NSF bilateral project.

References and links

1.

N. J. Doran and D. Wood, “Nonlinear optical loop mirror,” Opt. Lett. 13, 56–58 (1988).

2.

J. D. Moores, K. Bergman, H. A. Haus, and E. P. Ippen, “Optical switching using fiber ring reflectors,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 8, 594–601 (1991).

3.

A. Agarwal, L. Wang, Y. Su, and P. Kumar, “All-optical loadable and erasable storage buffer based on parametric nonlinearity in fiber,” J. Lightwave Technol. 23, 2229–2238 (2005).

4.

O. Pottiez, E. A. Kuzin, B. Ibarra-Escamilla, J. L. Camas-Anzueto, and F. Gutierrez-Zainos, “Experimental demonstration of NOLM switching based on nonlinear polarization rotation,” Electron. Lett. 40, 892–894 (2004).

5.

W. Cao and P. K. A. Wai, “Comparison of fiber-based Sagnac interferometers for self-switching of optical pulses,” Opt. Commun. 245, 177–186 (2005).

6.

H. C. Lim, F. Futami, and K. Kikuchi, “Polarization independent wavelength-shift-free optical phase conjugator using a nonlinear fiber Sagnac interferometer,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 11, 578–580 (1999).

7.

I. N. Duling III and M. L. Dennis, Compact sources of ultrashort pulses , Cambridge University Press:Cambridge, 1995.

8.

E. A. Kuzin, B. Ibarra-Escamilla, D. E. Garcia-Gomez, and J. W. Haus, “Fiber laser modelocked by the nonlinear polarization rotation Sagnac interferometer,” Opt. Lett. 26, 1559–1561 (2001).

9.

B. Ibarra-Escamilla, E. A. Kuzin, D. E. Gomez-Garcia, F. Gutierrez-Zainos, S. Mendoza-Vazquez, and J. W. Haus, “A modelocked fiber laser using a Sagnac interferometer and nonlinear polarization rotation,” J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 5, S225–S230 (2003).

10.

I. Golub and E. Simova, “Ring resonator in a Sagnac interferometer as a birefringence magnifier,” Opt. Lett. 30, 87–89 (2005).

11.

E. Simova, I. Golub, and M. J. Picard, “Ring resonator in a Sagnac loop,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 22, 1723–11730 (2005).

12.

H. Sotobayashi, C. Sawaguchi, Y. Koyamada, and W. Chujo, “Ultrafast walk-off-free nonlinear optical loop mirror by a simplified configuration for 320-Gbit s time-division multiplexing signal demultiplexing,” Opt. Lett. 27, 1555–1557 (2002).

13.

M. D. Pelusi, Y. Matsui, and A. Suzuki, “Pedestal suppression from compressed femtosecond pulses using a nonlinear fiber loop mirror,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 35, 867–874 (1999).

14.

J. H. Lee, T. Kogure, and D. J. Richardson, “Wavelength tunable 10-GHz 3-ps pulse source using a dispersion decreasing fiber-based nonlinear optical loop mirror,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 10, 181–185 (2004).

15.

M. Attygalle, A. Nirmalathas, and H. F. Liu, “Novel technique for reduction of amplitude modulation of pulse trains generated by subharmonic synchronous mode-locked laser,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 14, 543–545 (2002).

16.

O. Pottiez, E. A. Kuzin, B. Ibarra-Escamilla, F. Gutierrez-Zainos, U. Ruiz-Corona, and J. T. Camas-Anzueto, “High-Order amplitude regulation of an optical pulse train using a power-symmetric NOLM with adjustable contrast,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 17, 154–156 (2005).

17.

S. Boscolo, S. K. Turitsyn, and V. K. Mezentsev, “Performance comparison of 2R and 3R optical regeneration schemes at 40 Gb/s for application to all-optical networks,” J. Lightwave Technol. 23, 304–309 (2005).

18.

T. Sakamoto and K. Kikuchi, “160-GHz operation of nonlinear optical loop-mirror with an optical bias controller,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 17, 543–545 (2005).

19.

E. A. Kuzin, N. Korneev, J. W. Haus, and B. Ibarra-Escamilla, “Theory of nonliner loop mirrors with twisted low-birefringence fiber,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 18, 1058–1060 (2001).

20.

O. Pottiez, E. A. Kuzin, B. Ibarra-Escamilla, J. T. Camas-Anzueto, and F. Gutierrez-Zainos, “Easily tunable nonlinear optical loop mirror based on polarization asymmetry,” Opt. Express 12, 3878–3887 (2004), http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-12-16-3878

21.

O. Pottiez, E. A. Kuzin, B. Ibarra-Escamilla, and F. Mendez-Martinez, “Theoretical investigation of the NOLM with highly twisted fibre and a λ/4 birefringence bias,” Opt. Commun. 254, 152–167 (2005).

22.

B. Ibarra-Escamilla, E. A. Kuzin, O. Pottiez, J. W. Haus, F. Gutierrez-Zainos, R. Grajales-Coutiño, and P. Zaca-Moran, “Fiber optical loop mirror with a symmetrical coupler and a quarter-wave retarder plate in the loop,” Opt. Commun. 242, 191–197 (2004).

OCIS Codes
(060.2330) Fiber optics and optical communications : Fiber optics communications
(060.4370) Fiber optics and optical communications : Nonlinear optics, fibers
(190.3270) Nonlinear optics : Kerr effect
(230.4320) Optical devices : Nonlinear optical devices
(230.5440) Optical devices : Polarization-selective devices

ToC Category:
Research Papers

Citation
B. Ibarra-Escamilla, E. A. Kuzin, P. Zaca-Morán, R. Grajales-Coutiño, F. Mendez-Martinez, O. Pottiez, R. Rojas-Laguna, and J. W. Haus, "Experimental investigation of the nonlinear optical loop mirror with twisted fiber and birefringence bias," Opt. Express 13, 10760-10767 (2005)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-13-26-10760


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References

  1. N. J. Doran, and D. Wood, "Nonlinear optical loop mirror," Opt. Lett. 13, 56-58 (1988).
  2. J. D. Moores, K. Bergman, H. A. Haus, and E. P. Ippen, "Optical switching using fiber ring reflectors," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 8, 594-601 (1991).
  3. A. Agarwal, L.Wang, Y. Su, and P. Kumar, "All-optical loadable and erasable storage buffer based on parametric nonlinearity in fiber," J. Lightwave Technol. 23, 2229-2238 (2005).
  4. O. Pottiez, E. A. Kuzin, B. Ibarra-Escamilla, J. L. Camas-Anzueto, and F. Gutierrez-Zainos, "Experimental demonstration of NOLM switching based on nonlinear polarization rotation," Electron. Lett. 40, 892-894 (2004).
  5. W. Cao and P. K. A.Wai, "Comparison of fiber-based Sagnac interferometers for self-switching of optical pulses," Opt. Commun. 245, 177-186 (2005).
  6. H. C. Lim, F. Futami, and K. Kikuchi, "Polarization independent wavelength-shift-free optical phase conjugator using a nonlinear fiber Sagnac interferometer," IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 11, 578-580 (1999).
  7. I. N. Duling III, and M. L. Dennis, Compact sources of ultrashort pulses, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 1995.
  8. E. A. Kuzin, B. Ibarra-Escamilla, D. E. Garcia-Gomez, and J.W. Haus, "Fiber laser modelocked by the nonlinear polarization rotation Sagnac interferometer," Opt. Lett. 26, 1559-1561 (2001).
  9. B. Ibarra-Escamilla, E. A. Kuzin, D. E. Gomez-Garcia, F. Gutierrez-Zainos, S. Mendoza-Vazquez, and J. W. Haus, "A modelocked fiber laser using a Sagnac interferometer and nonlinear polarization rotation," J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 5, S225-S230 (2003).
  10. I. Golub, and E. Simova, "Ring resonator in a Sagnac interferometer as a birefringence magnifier," Opt. Lett. 30, 87-89 (2005).
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