Fabrication and optical properties of Y2O3: Eu3+ nanofibers prepared by electrospinning

doi:10.1364/OE.17.022514

Fabrication and optical properties of Y₂O₃: Eu³⁺ nanofibers prepared by electrospinning

Guoping Dong, Yingzhi Chi, Xiudi Xiao, Xiaofeng Liu, Bin Qian, Zhijun Ma, E Wu, Heping Zeng, Danping Chen, and Jianrong Qiu »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 17, Issue 25, pp. 22514-22519 (2009)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.17.022514

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– Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Experimental
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusion
– References and links

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Abstract

Y₂O₃: Eu³⁺ nanofibers with the average diameter of ~300 nm were in situ fabricated by electrospinning. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern confirmed that the Y₂O₃: Eu³⁺ nanofibers were composed of pure body-centered cubic (bcc) Y₂O₃ phase. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) results indicated that Y₂O₃: Eu³⁺ nanofibers were constituted of nonspherical crystalline grains, and these crystalline grains were orderly arranged along the axial direction of single nanofiber. These Y₂O₃: Eu³⁺ nanofibers showed a partially polarized photoluminescence (PL). The arrangement of crystalline grains and the mismatch of dielectric constant between Y₂O₃: Eu³⁺ nanofiber and its environment probably contributed together to the polarized PL from Y₂O₃: Eu³⁺ nanofiber.

1. Introduction

Recently, one-dimensional nanomaterials (such as nanofibers, nanorods, nanobelts, etc.) have gained great interest for their unique properties comparing with corresponding bulk materials and nanoparticles, such as linearly polarized luminescence, polarized lasing and polarization-sensitive optical detector, etc [1

N. Tessler, V. Medvedev, M. Kazes, S. H. Kan, and U. Banin, “Efficient near-infrared polymer nanocrystal light-emitting diodes,” Science 295(5559), 1506–1508 ( 2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

–3

J. F. Wang, M. S. Gudiksen, X. F. Duan, Y. Cui, and C. M. Lieber, “Highly polarized photoluminescence and photodetection from single indium phosphide nanowires,” Science 293(5534), 1455–1457 ( 2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

]. Due to their anisotropic morphology and tunable aspect ratio, one-dimensional light-emitting nanomaterials are demonstrated to possess linearly polarized luminescence over their entire length [3

–9

L. V. Titova, T. B. Hoang, H. E. Jackson, L. M. Smith, J. M. Yarrison-Rice, Y. Kim, H. J. Joyce, H. H. Tan, and C. Jagadish, “Temperature dependence of photoluminescence from single core-shell GaAs-AlGaAs nanowires,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(17), 173126 ( 2006). [CrossRef]

]. However, the investigation on the polarized photoluminescence (PL) property of rare earth ion-activated one-dimensional nanomaterials is scarce. Y₂O₃: Eu³⁺ phosphor, as one of most famous red-emitting materials, has been studied extensively for its excellent luminescence property, stability and nontoxicity, etc [10

X. Bai, H. W. Song, L. X. Yu, L. M. Yang, Z. X. Liu, G. H. Pan, S. Z. Lu, X. G. Ren, Y. Q. Lei, and L. B. Fan, “Luminescent properties of pure cubic phase Y₂O₃/Eu³⁺ nanotubes/nanowires prepared by a hydrothermal method,” J. Phys. Chem. B 109(32), 15236–15242 ( 2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

–15

L. Wang, H. Jia, X. Yu, Y. Zhang, P. Du, Z. Xi, and D. Jin, “Optimization of the photoluminescence properties of electrodeposited Y₂O₃:Eu³⁺ thin-film phosphors,” Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 12(8), E20–E22 ( 2009). [CrossRef]

]. A lot of investigations have been performed on the luminescence property of Y₂O₃: Eu³⁺ nanoparticles, nanofibers (nanotubes), films and phosphors. The PL quantum efficiency is almost as high as 100% [13

Z. L. Fu, S. H. Zhou, T. Q. Pan, and S. Y. Zhang, “Preparation and luminescent properties of cubic Eu³⁺:Y₂O₃ nanocrystals and comparison to bulk Eu³⁺:Y₂O₃ ,” J. Lumin. 124(2), 213–216 ( 2007). [CrossRef]

Herein, using the typical electrospinning technique, which is recognized as one of the most convenient and effective techniques [16

A. Greiner and J. H. Wendorff, “Electrospinning: a fascinating method for the preparation of ultrathin fibers,” Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 46(30), 5670–5703 ( 2007). [CrossRef]

–23

G. P. Dong, X. D. Xiao, Y. Z. Chi, B. Qian, X. F. Liu, Z. J. Ma, S. Ye, E. Wu, H. P. Zeng, D. P. Chen, and J. R. Qiu, “Polarized luminescence properties of TiO₂: Sm³⁺ microfibers and microbelts prepared by electrospinning,” J. Phys. Chem. C 113(22), 9595–9600 ( 2009). [CrossRef]

], Y₂O₃: Eu³⁺ nanofibers have been in situ fabricated successfully. Polarized PL property of single nanofiber is investigated, which indicates that this Y₂O₃: Eu³⁺ nanofiber exhibits obvious polarized PL. The origin of the linearly polarized PL is also discussed in this article.

2. Experimental

High purity Y(NO₃)₃ and Eu (NO₃)₃ were used as the precursors to prepare Y₂O₃: Eu³⁺ electrospun nanofibers. Firstly, moderate stoichiometric Y(NO₃)₃ and Eu (NO₃)₃ were added to 10 mL ethanol with thorough stirring. Then 0.6 g poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP, M_w = 1,300,000) was dissolved in the above solution at room temperature. This viscous solution was used for electrospinning. The electrospinning process was similar to our previous work [22

G. P. Dong, X. F. Liu, X. D. Xiao, B. Qian, J. Ruan, S. Ye, H. C. Yang, D. P. Chen, and J. R. Qiu, “Photoluminescence of Ag nanoparticle embedded Tb³⁺/Ce³⁺ codoped NaYF₄/PVP nanofibers prepared by electrospinning,” Nanotechnology 20(5), 055707 ( 2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

]. The electrospun parameters were optimized as follows. The working voltage and distance was maintained as 15 kV and 10 cm, respectively. The feeding rate of solution was fixed as 1 mL/h. After electrospinning for several hours, the as-prepared nonwoven mat was taken off and calcined at 1100 °C for 5 h in air.

The crystalline phase of calcined nanofibers was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) on a Rigaku D/MAX X-ray diffractometer with CuKα radiation. The morphology, size and composition of electrospun nanofibers were performed by scanning electron microscope (SEM, JSM-6360LA) equipped with an energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometer (EDS). The high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) were obtained with a JSM-2100 transmission electron microscope. The diffuse reflectance spectrum was recorded by a Perkin-Elmer Lambda 900 spectrophotometer. The PL excitation and emission spectra were measured on a JASCO FP-6500 fluorescence spectrofluorometer with a 150 W Xenon lamp as the excitation resource, and the lifetime decay curve was recorded with a FLS920 fluorescence spectrophotometer. The measurement of polarized PL property from single nanofiber was similar to our previous work [23

]. A second-harmonic output (532 nm) of Nd: YAG laser was used as the excitation source (0.6 mW). A single nanofiber was addressed by a scanning confocal microscopy. The polarization of excited laser was fixed parallel to the long axis of the nanofiber. By rotating the λ/2 waveplate before the polarizer, polarized PL was collected as a function of the polarization angle. The experimental error of PL intensity as a function of the polarization angle is about ± 1.0 kcounts/s. All the measurements were performed at room temperature.

3. Results and Discussion

Figure 1 displays the XRD pattern of Y₂O₃: 0.02Eu³⁺ nanofibers calcined at 1100 °C for 5 h in air. The five strong diffraction peaks at 2θ = 29.1, 48.5, 33.7, 57.5 and 20.5 ° can be ascribed to the diffraction of (222), (440), (400), (622) and (211) crystal planes of body-centered cubic (bcc) Y₂O₃ phase (JCPDS: 86-1326). It is noted that the diffraction peaks (2θ) shift slightly to lower degree comparing with those of the blank bcc Y₂O₃ crystals (JCPDS: 86-1326), which indicates the expansion of lattice parameters. According to the equation of 1/d ² = (h ² + k ² + l ²)/a ², the lattice constant a of calcined Y₂O₃: 0.02Eu³⁺ nanofibers is calculated to be 1.062 nm, which is a little larger than that (a = 1.059 nm) of the blank bcc Y₂O₃ phase. This expansion is probably due to the replacement of Y³⁺ ions (r = 0.89 Å) by Eu³⁺ ions (r = 0.95 Å) with larger ionic radius. The standard PDF card of bcc Y₂O₃ phase is also shown in Fig. 1. It can be observed that almost all the diffraction peaks in XRD pattern can be assigned to bcc Y₂O₃ phase. No additional diffraction peak is found, which confirms that the Y₂O₃: 0.02Eu³⁺ nanofibers calcined at 1100 °C is composed of pure bcc Y₂O₃ phase.

Fig. 1 XRD pattern of Y₂O₃: 0.02Eu³⁺ nanofibers calcined at 1100 °C for 5 h in air.

Figure 2 shows the SEM images of Y₂O₃: 0.02Eu³⁺ nanofibers before and after calcination at 1100 °C for 5 h in air. For the as-prepared electrospun nanofibers, the surface is relatively smooth and the average diameter is about 800 nm. After calcination at 1100 °C in air, the surface morphology of nanofibers is well preserved, and the average diameter shrinks to ~300 nm, which is due to the decomposition of PVP and reduced organic compounds. By controlling the electrospun parameters and precursor’s concentration, etc., the diameter of calcined nanofibers can be tuned from tens of nanometers to several micrometers. Figure 2(c) shows the EDS spectrum of the calcined Y₂O₃: 0.02Eu³⁺ nanofibers. Elements Y, O and Eu are observed clearly in the spectrum, while the existence of C element results from the conducted C films coated on the sample in the course of SEM measurement.

Fig. 2 SEM images of Y₂O₃: 0.02Eu³⁺ nanofibers (a) as-prepared, (b) calcined at 1100 °C. The scale bar is 5 μm. (c) The EDS spectrum of Y₂O₃: 0.02Eu³⁺ nanofibers calcined at 1100 °C.

The TEM image of the calcined Y₂O₃: 0.02Eu³⁺ nanofiber is illustrated in Fig. 3(a) . The nanofiber is densely formed. The diametric distribution along the axial direction of single nanofiber is relatively homogeneous, and the average diameter is about 300 nm, which is well consistent with the result of SEM in Fig. 2(b). Figure 3(b) shows the SAED pattern of the nanofiber in Fig. 3(a). A series of homocentric rings are observed clearly, which indicates that the calcined Y₂O₃: 0.02Eu³⁺ nanofiber are constituted by polycrystalline grains. Figure 3(c) illustrates the HRTEM image of single crystalline grain in Y₂O₃: 0.02Eu³⁺ nanofibers. Large scale crystal lattice fringe can be observed obviously, which indicates the excellent crystallization of Y₂O₃: 0.02Eu³⁺ crystalline grain. The spacing d value of crystal lattice fringe is ~0.43 nm, which is corresponding to the (211) crystal plane of bcc Y₂O₃ phase. The insert shows the SAED pattern of single crystalline grain in Fig. 3. It exhibits a typical single crystalline diffraction pattern of bcc Y₂O₃ phase, which also indicates that the Y₂O₃: 0.02Eu³⁺ crystalline grain are well crystallized. Figure 3(d) shows the TEM image of a thinner Y₂O₃: 0.02Eu³⁺ nanofiber, and the diameter is about 100 nm. It can be seen clearly that the nanofiber is constituted of size-homogeneous crystalline grains. The crystalline grain is nonspherical, and the average size of length and width is about 150 nm and 100 nm, respectively. These crystalline grains are orderly arranging along the axial direction of single nanofiber, which is especially beneficial for the generation of polarized luminescence from single nanofiber.

Fig. 3 (a) TEM image of a Y₂O₃: 0.02Eu³⁺ nanofiber calcined at 1100 °C; (b) SAED pattern corresponding to the nanofiber in figure (a); (c) HRTEM image of calcined Y₂O₃: 0.02Eu³⁺ nanofiber, and insert shows SAED pattern of the area in figure (c), (d) TEM image of a thinner Y₂O₃: 0.02Eu³⁺ nanofiber calcined at 1100 °C. The dotted frames show the Y₂O₃ particles.

Figure 4(a) shows the excitation, diffuse reflectance and emission spectra of calcined Y₂O₃: 0.02Eu³⁺ nanofibers. In the excitation spectrum, the strongest excitation peak centered at 260 nm is ascribed to the charge transfer (CT) from the 2p orbital of O^2- to the 4f orbital of Eu³⁺ ions. The other excitation peaks are assigned to the typical f-f transitions of Eu³⁺ ions. For the diffuse reflectance spectrum in Fig. 4(a2), several obvious absorption bands at 394 nm, 465 nm, 380 nm and 362 nm are ascribed to the characteristic absorption bands of Eu³⁺ ions, which is agreed well with the excitation spectrum in Fig. 4(a1). Under the excitation at 260 nm, the nanofibers show several emission peaks from 550 nm to 700 nm. The strongest emission peak at 612 nm can be assigned to the ⁵ D ₀→⁷ F ₂ transitions of Eu³⁺ ions, while the peaks at 578 nm, 592 nm, 652 nm and 688 nm are ascribed to the ⁵ D ₀→⁷ F_J (J = 0, 1, 3, 4) transitions of Eu³⁺ ions. It is well known that there are two different sites (C ₂ and S ₆) of Y³⁺ ions in the bcc Y₂O₃ lattice [15

]. Normally, the C ₂ sites without inversion symmetry possess 75% of these sites, and the other 25% are occupied by symmetrical S ₆ sites. A strong energy transfer usually takes place from S ₆ to C ₂ sites when Y³⁺ ions are replaces by Eu³⁺ ions. It is established that ⁵ D ₀→⁷ F ₂ transition of Eu³⁺ ions, which is hypersensitive to the symmetry of coordinated environment, is usually forbidden in a crystalline environment with inversion symmetry. From the PL spectrum in Fig. 4(a3), it is obviously observed that the electric-dipole ⁵ D ₀→⁷ F ₂ transition is much stronger than that from the magnetic-dipole ⁵ D ₀→⁷ F ₁ transition. This confirms that Eu³⁺ ions are preferably located at the nonsymmetrical C ₂ site in bcc Y₂O₃ lattice. Figure 4(b) shows the decay profile for the ⁵ D ₀→⁷ F ₂ emission (λ_em = 612 nm) from calcined Y₂O₃: 0.02Eu³⁺ nanofibers. It is single exponential and shows a lifetime about 698.2 μs, which is similar with the result reported previously [11

H. Q. Yu, H. W. Song, G. H. Pan, S. W. Lia, Z. X. Liu, X. Bai, T. Wang, S. Z. Lu, and H. F. Zhao, “Preparation and luminescent properties of europium-doped yttria fibers by electrospinning,” J. Lumin. 124(1), 39–44 ( 2007). [CrossRef]

Fig. 4 (a1) Excitation, (a2) diffuse reflectance and (a3) emission spectra of calcined Y₂O₃: 0.02Eu³⁺ nanofibers. Inset shows the luminescence photograph of calcined Y₂O₃: 0.02Eu³⁺ nanofibers ultrasonically dispersed in the ethanol solution under the excitation of commercial 254 nm UV lamp. (b) Decay profile for the ⁵ D ₀→⁷ F ₂ emission (λ_em = 612 nm) from calcined Y₂O₃: 0.02Eu³⁺ nanofibers.

Due to the luminescence of calcined Y₂O₃: 0.02Eu³⁺ nanofibers is restricted into one-dimensional scale, it is expected that the PL from single Y₂O₃: 0.02Eu³⁺ electrospun nanofiber is linearly polarized. Using the home-made measurement system equipped with a 532 nm excitation laser resource, polarized PL property of single Y₂O₃: 0.02Eu³⁺ nanofiber is detected in this work. Figure 5(a) illustrated the luminescence image of single Y₂O₃: 0.02Eu³⁺ nanofiber under the excitation of 532 nm laser. The luminescent field is similar to the morphology of single electrospun nanofiber except for the slight extension in cross direction. This confirmed that the one-dimensional restriction effect of the PL from single nanofiber. By rotating the λ/2 waveplate before the polarizer, PL intensity of single Y₂O₃: 0.02Eu³⁺ nanofiber is collected as a function of the polarization angle in Fig. 5(b). The PL intensity exhibits a periodic variation with the period of ~180 °. Specifically, the PL intensity is proportional to sinusoid sin2θ (i.e. cos² θ), where θ is the angle between the polarization of incident light and normal direction of λ/2 waveplate. A partially polarized dependence of PL angle is observed in Fig. 5(b). By the equation P = (I _max-I _min)/(I _max + I _min), where I _max and I _min is the maximum and minimum intensity of PL, the polarization ratio (P) is calculated to be 7.46%. For the mechanism on the origin of polarized PL, it can be explained as follows. Firstly, from the result of TEM in Fig. 3(d), it can be deduced that the crystalline grains are nonspherical, and have a tendency to orderly arrange along the axial direction of single nanofiber. Such an arrangement of crystalline grains along the propagation direction should result in the polarized PL property [6

C. R. L. P. N. Jeukens, P. Jonkheijm, F. J. P. Wijnen, J. C. Gielen, P. C. M. Christianen, A. P. H. J. Schenning, E. W. Meijer, and J. C. Maan, “Polarized emission of individual self-assembled oligo(p-phenylenevinylene)-based nanofibers on a solid support,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127(23), 8280–8281 ( 2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

D. O’Carroll and G. Redmond, “Highly anisotropic luminescence from poly (9,9-dioctylfluorene) nanowires doped with orientationally ordered #-phase polymer chains,” Chem. Mater. 20(20), 6501–6508 ( 2008). [CrossRef]

]. Secondly, since the diameter of Y₂O₃: 0.02Eu³⁺ nanofiber (~300 nm) is much larger than the exciton Bohr radius (<10 nm) but smaller than the emission wavelength (~612 nm), quantum confinement effect is impossible to contribute prominently to the polarized PL [8

A. Tribu, G. Sallen, T. Aichele, J. P. Regis Andre, A. Tribu, G. Sallen, T. Aichele, R. André, J.-P. Poizat, C. Bougerol, S. Tatarenko, and K. Kheng, “A high-temperature single-photon source from nanowire quantum dots,” Nano Lett. 8(12), 4326 ( 2008). [CrossRef]

]. The mismatch of dielectric constant between Y₂O₃: 0.02Eu³⁺ nanofiber (larger) and its environment (smaller), which can result in the anisotropic electric field distribution, may do predominant contribution to the polarized PL from Y₂O₃: 0.02Eu³⁺ nanofiber.

Fig. 5 (a) Luminescence image of single Y₂O₃: 0.02Eu³⁺ nanofiber under the excitation of 532 nm laser; (b) PL intensity of single Y₂O₃: 0.02Eu³⁺ nanofiber calcined at 1100 °C collected as a function of the polarization angle. The black squares are the experimental results, and the blue line is the fitted sinusoid (I = 2.72sin(2θ-π/6) + 36.21).

4. Conclusion

By the calcination of as-prepared electrospun nanofibers, Y₂O₃: Eu³⁺ nanofibers are in situ synthesized in this article. XRD pattern confirms that Y₂O₃: Eu³⁺ nanofibers are composed of bcc Y₂O₃ phase. SEM results indicate that the average diameter of as-prepared and calcined Y₂O₃: Eu³⁺ nanofibers is about 800 nm and 300 nm, respectively. The calcined Y₂O₃: Eu³⁺ nanofibers are constituted of size-homogeneous crystalline grains. The crystalline grains are nonspherical and have a tendency to orderly arrange along the axial direction of single nanofiber. These Y₂O₃: Eu³⁺ nanofibers show a bright red emission at 612 nm, and the emission is partially polarized, which is probably due to the arrangement of crystalline grains and the mismatch of dielectric constant between Y₂O₃: Eu³⁺ nanofiber and its environment. These Y₂O₃: Eu³⁺ nanofibers with partially polarized PL will enable the development of future optoelectronic micro/nano-devices, such as linearly polarized emission resource, polarized lasing and polarization-sensitive optical detectors and sensors, etc.

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 50872123, 50802083 and 60807027), National Basic Research Program of China (2006CB806000) and the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (IRT0651).

References and links

1.	N. Tessler, V. Medvedev, M. Kazes, S. H. Kan, and U. Banin, “Efficient near-infrared polymer nanocrystal light-emitting diodes,” Science 295(5559), 1506–1508 ( 2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
2.	M. Kazes, D. Y. Lewis, Y. Ebenstein, T. Mokari, and U. Banin, “Lasing from semiconductor quantum rods in a cylindrical microcavity,” Adv. Mater. 14(4), 317–321 ( 2002). [CrossRef]
3.	J. F. Wang, M. S. Gudiksen, X. F. Duan, Y. Cui, and C. M. Lieber, “Highly polarized photoluminescence and photodetection from single indium phosphide nanowires,” Science 293(5534), 1455–1457 ( 2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
4.	S. Kan, T. Mokari, E. Rothenberg, and U. Banin, “Synthesis and size-dependent properties of zinc-blende semiconductor quantum rods,” Nat. Mater. 2(3), 155–158 ( 2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
5.	C. F. Lai, J. Y. Chi, H. C. Kuo, C. H. Chao, H. T. Hsueh, J. F. T. Wang, and W. Y. Yeh, “Anisotropy of light extraction from GaN two-dimensional photonic crystals,” Opt. Express 16(10), 7285–7294 ( 2008), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/viewmedia.cfm?URI=oe-16-10-7285&seq=0. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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7.	D. O’Carroll and G. Redmond, “Highly anisotropic luminescence from poly (9,9-dioctylfluorene) nanowires doped with orientationally ordered #-phase polymer chains,” Chem. Mater. 20(20), 6501–6508 ( 2008). [CrossRef]
8.	A. Tribu, G. Sallen, T. Aichele, J. P. Regis Andre, A. Tribu, G. Sallen, T. Aichele, R. André, J.-P. Poizat, C. Bougerol, S. Tatarenko, and K. Kheng, “A high-temperature single-photon source from nanowire quantum dots,” Nano Lett. 8(12), 4326 ( 2008). [CrossRef]
9.	L. V. Titova, T. B. Hoang, H. E. Jackson, L. M. Smith, J. M. Yarrison-Rice, Y. Kim, H. J. Joyce, H. H. Tan, and C. Jagadish, “Temperature dependence of photoluminescence from single core-shell GaAs-AlGaAs nanowires,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(17), 173126 ( 2006). [CrossRef]
10.	X. Bai, H. W. Song, L. X. Yu, L. M. Yang, Z. X. Liu, G. H. Pan, S. Z. Lu, X. G. Ren, Y. Q. Lei, and L. B. Fan, “Luminescent properties of pure cubic phase Y₂O₃/Eu³⁺ nanotubes/nanowires prepared by a hydrothermal method,” J. Phys. Chem. B 109(32), 15236–15242 ( 2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
11.	H. Q. Yu, H. W. Song, G. H. Pan, S. W. Lia, Z. X. Liu, X. Bai, T. Wang, S. Z. Lu, and H. F. Zhao, “Preparation and luminescent properties of europium-doped yttria fibers by electrospinning,” J. Lumin. 124(1), 39–44 ( 2007). [CrossRef]
12.	J. Yang, Z. W. Quan, D. Y. Kong, X. M. Liu, and J. Lin, “Y₂O₃: Eu³⁺ microspheres: solvothermal synthesis and luminescence properties,” Cryst. Growth Des. 7(4), 730–735 ( 2007). [CrossRef]
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22.	G. P. Dong, X. F. Liu, X. D. Xiao, B. Qian, J. Ruan, S. Ye, H. C. Yang, D. P. Chen, and J. R. Qiu, “Photoluminescence of Ag nanoparticle embedded Tb³⁺/Ce³⁺ codoped NaYF₄/PVP nanofibers prepared by electrospinning,” Nanotechnology 20(5), 055707 ( 2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
23.	G. P. Dong, X. D. Xiao, Y. Z. Chi, B. Qian, X. F. Liu, Z. J. Ma, S. Ye, E. Wu, H. P. Zeng, D. P. Chen, and J. R. Qiu, “Polarized luminescence properties of TiO₂: Sm³⁺ microfibers and microbelts prepared by electrospinning,” J. Phys. Chem. C 113(22), 9595–9600 ( 2009). [CrossRef]

OCIS Codes
(160.2540) Materials : Fluorescent and luminescent materials
(160.4760) Materials : Optical properties
(160.5690) Materials : Rare-earth-doped materials
(300.6280) Spectroscopy : Spectroscopy, fluorescence and luminescence

ToC Category:
Materials

History
Original Manuscript: July 31, 2009
Revised Manuscript: October 29, 2009
Manuscript Accepted: October 29, 2009
Published: November 24, 2009

Citation
Guoping Dong, Yingzhi Chi, Xiudi Xiao, Xiaofeng Liu, Bin Qian, Zhijun Ma, E Wu, Heping Zeng, Danping Chen, and Jianrong Qiu, "Fabrication and optical properties of Y₂O₃: Eu³⁺ nanofibers prepared by electrospinning," Opt. Express 17, 22514-22519 (2009)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-17-25-22514

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References

N. Tessler, V. Medvedev, M. Kazes, S. H. Kan, and U. Banin, “Efficient near-infrared polymer nanocrystal light-emitting diodes,” Science 295(5559), 1506–1508 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
M. Kazes, D. Y. Lewis, Y. Ebenstein, T. Mokari, and U. Banin, “Lasing from semiconductor quantum rods in a cylindrical microcavity,” Adv. Mater. 14(4), 317–321 (2002). [CrossRef]
J. F. Wang, M. S. Gudiksen, X. F. Duan, Y. Cui, and C. M. Lieber, “Highly polarized photoluminescence and photodetection from single indium phosphide nanowires,” Science 293(5534), 1455–1457 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
S. Kan, T. Mokari, E. Rothenberg, and U. Banin, “Synthesis and size-dependent properties of zinc-blende semiconductor quantum rods,” Nat. Mater. 2(3), 155–158 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
C. F. Lai, J. Y. Chi, H. C. Kuo, C. H. Chao, H. T. Hsueh, J. F. T. Wang, and W. Y. Yeh, “Anisotropy of light extraction from GaN two-dimensional photonic crystals,” Opt. Express 16(10), 7285–7294 (2008), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/viewmedia.cfm?URI=oe-16-10-7285&seq=0 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
C. R. L. P. N. Jeukens, P. Jonkheijm, F. J. P. Wijnen, J. C. Gielen, P. C. M. Christianen, A. P. H. J. Schenning, E. W. Meijer, and J. C. Maan, “Polarized emission of individual self-assembled oligo(p-phenylenevinylene)-based nanofibers on a solid support,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127(23), 8280–8281 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
D. O’Carroll and G. Redmond, “Highly anisotropic luminescence from poly (9,9-dioctylfluorene) nanowires doped with orientationally ordered #-phase polymer chains,” Chem. Mater. 20(20), 6501–6508 (2008). [CrossRef]
A. Tribu, G. Sallen, T. Aichele, J. P. Regis Andre, A. Tribu, G. Sallen, T. Aichele, R. André, J.-P. Poizat, C. Bougerol, S. Tatarenko, and K. Kheng, “A high-temperature single-photon source from nanowire quantum dots,” Nano Lett. 8(12), 4326 (2008). [CrossRef]
L. V. Titova, T. B. Hoang, H. E. Jackson, L. M. Smith, J. M. Yarrison-Rice, Y. Kim, H. J. Joyce, H. H. Tan, and C. Jagadish, “Temperature dependence of photoluminescence from single core-shell GaAs-AlGaAs nanowires,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(17), 173126 (2006). [CrossRef]
X. Bai, H. W. Song, L. X. Yu, L. M. Yang, Z. X. Liu, G. H. Pan, S. Z. Lu, X. G. Ren, Y. Q. Lei, and L. B. Fan, “Luminescent properties of pure cubic phase Y2O3/Eu3+ nanotubes/nanowires prepared by a hydrothermal method,” J. Phys. Chem. B 109(32), 15236–15242 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
H. Q. Yu, H. W. Song, G. H. Pan, S. W. Lia, Z. X. Liu, X. Bai, T. Wang, S. Z. Lu, and H. F. Zhao, “Preparation and luminescent properties of europium-doped yttria fibers by electrospinning,” J. Lumin. 124(1), 39–44 (2007). [CrossRef]
J. Yang, Z. W. Quan, D. Y. Kong, X. M. Liu, and J. Lin, “Y2O3: Eu3+ microspheres: solvothermal synthesis and luminescence properties,” Cryst. Growth Des. 7(4), 730–735 (2007). [CrossRef]
Z. L. Fu, S. H. Zhou, T. Q. Pan, and S. Y. Zhang, “Preparation and luminescent properties of cubic Eu3+:Y2O3 nanocrystals and comparison to bulk Eu3+:Y2O3,” J. Lumin. 124(2), 213–216 (2007). [CrossRef]
K. Y. Ko, Y. K. Lee, H. K. Park, Y. C. Kim, and Y. R. Do, “The variation of the enhanced photoluminescence efficiency of Y2O3:Eu3+ films with the thickness to the photonic crystal layer,” Opt. Express 16(8), 5689–5696 (2008), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/viewmedia.cfm?URI=oe-16-8-5689&seq=0 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
L. Wang, H. Jia, X. Yu, Y. Zhang, P. Du, Z. Xi, and D. Jin, “Optimization of the photoluminescence properties of electrodeposited Y2O3:Eu3+ thin-film phosphors,” Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 12(8), E20–E22 (2009). [CrossRef]
A. Greiner and J. H. Wendorff, “Electrospinning: a fascinating method for the preparation of ultrathin fibers,” Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 46(30), 5670–5703 (2007). [CrossRef]
M. Bognitzki, W. Czado, T. Frese, A. Schaper, M. Hellwig, M. Steinhart, A. Greiner, and J. H. Wendorff, “Nanostructured fibers via electrospinning,” Adv. Mater. 13(1), 70–72 (2001). [CrossRef]
H. W. Song, H. Q. Yu, G. H. Pan, X. Bai, B. Dong, X. T. Zhang, and S. K. Park, “Electrospinning preparation, structure, and photoluminescence properties of YBO3:Eu3+ nanotubes and nanowires,” Chem. Mater. 20(14), 4762–4767 (2008). [CrossRef]
Z. Y. Hou, P. P. Yang, C. X. Li, L. L. Wang, H. Z. Lian, Z. W. Quan, and J. Lin, “Preparation and luminescence properties of YVO4:Ln and Y(V, P)O4:Ln (Ln=Eu3+, Sm3+, Dy3+) nanofibers and microbelts by sol-gel/electrospinning process,” Chem. Mater. 20(21), 6686–6696 (2008). [CrossRef]
X. M. Sui, C. L. Shao, and Y. C. Liu, “White-light emission of polyvinyl alcohol/ZnO hybrid nanofibers prepared by electrospinning,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 87(11), 113115 (2005). [CrossRef]
M. Bashouti, W. Salalha, M. Brumer, E. Zussman, and E. Lifshitz, “Alignment of colloidal CdS nanowires embedded in polymer nanofibers by electrospinning,” ChemPhysChem 7(1), 102–106 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
G. P. Dong, X. F. Liu, X. D. Xiao, B. Qian, J. Ruan, S. Ye, H. C. Yang, D. P. Chen, and J. R. Qiu, “Photoluminescence of Ag nanoparticle embedded Tb3+/Ce3+ codoped NaYF4/PVP nanofibers prepared by electrospinning,” Nanotechnology 20(5), 055707 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
G. P. Dong, X. D. Xiao, Y. Z. Chi, B. Qian, X. F. Liu, Z. J. Ma, S. Ye, E. Wu, H. P. Zeng, D. P. Chen, and J. R. Qiu, “Polarized luminescence properties of TiO2: Sm3+ microfibers and microbelts prepared by electrospinning,” J. Phys. Chem. C 113(22), 9595–9600 (2009). [CrossRef]

Aichele, T.
André, R.
Bai, X.
Banin, U.
Bashouti, M.
Bognitzki, M.
Bougerol, C.
Brumer, M.
Chao, C. H.
Chen, D. P.
Chi, J. Y.
Chi, Y. Z.
Christianen, P. C. M.
Cui, Y.
Czado, W.
Do, Y. R.
Dong, B.
Dong, G. P.
Du, P.
Duan, X. F.
Ebenstein, Y.
Fan, L. B.
Frese, T.
Fu, Z. L.
Gielen, J. C.
Greiner, A.
Gudiksen, M. S.
Hellwig, M.
Hoang, T. B.
Hou, Z. Y.
Hsueh, H. T.
Jackson, H. E.
Jagadish, C.
Jeukens, C. R. L. P. N.
Jia, H.
Jin, D.
Jonkheijm, P.
Joyce, H. J.
Kan, S.
Kan, S. H.
Kazes, M.
Kheng, K.
Kim, Y.
Kim, Y. C.
Ko, K. Y.
Kong, D. Y.
Kuo, H. C.
Lai, C. F.
Lee, Y. K.
Lei, Y. Q.
Lewis, D. Y.
Li, C. X.
Lia, S. W.
Lian, H. Z.
Lieber, C. M.
Lifshitz, E.
Lin, J.
Liu, X. F.
Liu, X. M.
Liu, Y. C.
Liu, Z. X.
Lu, S. Z.
Ma, Z. J.
Maan, J. C.
Medvedev, V.
Meijer, E. W.
Mokari, T.
O’Carroll, D.
Pan, G. H.
Pan, T. Q.
Park, H. K.
Park, S. K.
Poizat, J.-P.
Qian, B.
Qiu, J. R.
Quan, Z. W.
Redmond, G.
Regis Andre, J. P.
Ren, X. G.
Rothenberg, E.
Ruan, J.
Salalha, W.
Sallen, G.
Schaper, A.
Schenning, A. P. H. J.
Shao, C. L.
Smith, L. M.
Song, H. W.
Steinhart, M.
Sui, X. M.
Tan, H. H.
Tatarenko, S.
Tessler, N.
Titova, L. V.
Tribu, A.
Wang, J. F.
Wang, J. F. T.
Wang, L.
Wang, L. L.
Wang, T.
Wendorff, J. H.
Wijnen, F. J. P.
Wu, E.
Xi, Z.
Xiao, X. D.
Yang, H. C.
Yang, J.
Yang, L. M.
Yang, P. P.
Yarrison-Rice, J. M.
Ye, S.
Yeh, W. Y.
Yu, H. Q.
Yu, L. X.
Yu, X.
Zeng, H. P.
Zhang, S. Y.
Zhang, X. T.
Zhang, Y.
Zhao, H. F.
Zhou, S. H.
Zussman, E.

Adv. Mater.

M. Kazes, D. Y. Lewis, Y. Ebenstein, T. Mokari, and U. Banin, “Lasing from semiconductor quantum rods in a cylindrical microcavity,” Adv. Mater. 14(4), 317–321 (2002). [CrossRef]
M. Bognitzki, W. Czado, T. Frese, A. Schaper, M. Hellwig, M. Steinhart, A. Greiner, and J. H. Wendorff, “Nanostructured fibers via electrospinning,” Adv. Mater. 13(1), 70–72 (2001). [CrossRef]

Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.

A. Greiner and J. H. Wendorff, “Electrospinning: a fascinating method for the preparation of ultrathin fibers,” Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 46(30), 5670–5703 (2007). [CrossRef]

Appl. Phys. Lett.

X. M. Sui, C. L. Shao, and Y. C. Liu, “White-light emission of polyvinyl alcohol/ZnO hybrid nanofibers prepared by electrospinning,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 87(11), 113115 (2005). [CrossRef]
L. V. Titova, T. B. Hoang, H. E. Jackson, L. M. Smith, J. M. Yarrison-Rice, Y. Kim, H. J. Joyce, H. H. Tan, and C. Jagadish, “Temperature dependence of photoluminescence from single core-shell GaAs-AlGaAs nanowires,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(17), 173126 (2006). [CrossRef]

Chem. Mater.

H. W. Song, H. Q. Yu, G. H. Pan, X. Bai, B. Dong, X. T. Zhang, and S. K. Park, “Electrospinning preparation, structure, and photoluminescence properties of YBO3:Eu3+ nanotubes and nanowires,” Chem. Mater. 20(14), 4762–4767 (2008). [CrossRef]
Z. Y. Hou, P. P. Yang, C. X. Li, L. L. Wang, H. Z. Lian, Z. W. Quan, and J. Lin, “Preparation and luminescence properties of YVO4:Ln and Y(V, P)O4:Ln (Ln=Eu3+, Sm3+, Dy3+) nanofibers and microbelts by sol-gel/electrospinning process,” Chem. Mater. 20(21), 6686–6696 (2008). [CrossRef]
D. O’Carroll and G. Redmond, “Highly anisotropic luminescence from poly (9,9-dioctylfluorene) nanowires doped with orientationally ordered #-phase polymer chains,” Chem. Mater. 20(20), 6501–6508 (2008). [CrossRef]

ChemPhysChem

M. Bashouti, W. Salalha, M. Brumer, E. Zussman, and E. Lifshitz, “Alignment of colloidal CdS nanowires embedded in polymer nanofibers by electrospinning,” ChemPhysChem 7(1), 102–106 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Cryst. Growth Des.

J. Yang, Z. W. Quan, D. Y. Kong, X. M. Liu, and J. Lin, “Y2O3: Eu3+ microspheres: solvothermal synthesis and luminescence properties,” Cryst. Growth Des. 7(4), 730–735 (2007). [CrossRef]

Electrochem. Solid-State Lett.

L. Wang, H. Jia, X. Yu, Y. Zhang, P. Du, Z. Xi, and D. Jin, “Optimization of the photoluminescence properties of electrodeposited Y2O3:Eu3+ thin-film phosphors,” Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 12(8), E20–E22 (2009). [CrossRef]

J. Am. Chem. Soc.

C. R. L. P. N. Jeukens, P. Jonkheijm, F. J. P. Wijnen, J. C. Gielen, P. C. M. Christianen, A. P. H. J. Schenning, E. W. Meijer, and J. C. Maan, “Polarized emission of individual self-assembled oligo(p-phenylenevinylene)-based nanofibers on a solid support,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127(23), 8280–8281 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

J. Lumin.

H. Q. Yu, H. W. Song, G. H. Pan, S. W. Lia, Z. X. Liu, X. Bai, T. Wang, S. Z. Lu, and H. F. Zhao, “Preparation and luminescent properties of europium-doped yttria fibers by electrospinning,” J. Lumin. 124(1), 39–44 (2007). [CrossRef]
Z. L. Fu, S. H. Zhou, T. Q. Pan, and S. Y. Zhang, “Preparation and luminescent properties of cubic Eu3+:Y2O3 nanocrystals and comparison to bulk Eu3+:Y2O3,” J. Lumin. 124(2), 213–216 (2007). [CrossRef]

J. Phys. Chem. B

X. Bai, H. W. Song, L. X. Yu, L. M. Yang, Z. X. Liu, G. H. Pan, S. Z. Lu, X. G. Ren, Y. Q. Lei, and L. B. Fan, “Luminescent properties of pure cubic phase Y2O3/Eu3+ nanotubes/nanowires prepared by a hydrothermal method,” J. Phys. Chem. B 109(32), 15236–15242 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

J. Phys. Chem. C

G. P. Dong, X. D. Xiao, Y. Z. Chi, B. Qian, X. F. Liu, Z. J. Ma, S. Ye, E. Wu, H. P. Zeng, D. P. Chen, and J. R. Qiu, “Polarized luminescence properties of TiO2: Sm3+ microfibers and microbelts prepared by electrospinning,” J. Phys. Chem. C 113(22), 9595–9600 (2009). [CrossRef]

Nano Lett.

A. Tribu, G. Sallen, T. Aichele, J. P. Regis Andre, A. Tribu, G. Sallen, T. Aichele, R. André, J.-P. Poizat, C. Bougerol, S. Tatarenko, and K. Kheng, “A high-temperature single-photon source from nanowire quantum dots,” Nano Lett. 8(12), 4326 (2008). [CrossRef]

Nanotechnology

G. P. Dong, X. F. Liu, X. D. Xiao, B. Qian, J. Ruan, S. Ye, H. C. Yang, D. P. Chen, and J. R. Qiu, “Photoluminescence of Ag nanoparticle embedded Tb3+/Ce3+ codoped NaYF4/PVP nanofibers prepared by electrospinning,” Nanotechnology 20(5), 055707 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Nat. Mater.

S. Kan, T. Mokari, E. Rothenberg, and U. Banin, “Synthesis and size-dependent properties of zinc-blende semiconductor quantum rods,” Nat. Mater. 2(3), 155–158 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Opt. Express

Science

J. F. Wang, M. S. Gudiksen, X. F. Duan, Y. Cui, and C. M. Lieber, “Highly polarized photoluminescence and photodetection from single indium phosphide nanowires,” Science 293(5534), 1455–1457 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
N. Tessler, V. Medvedev, M. Kazes, S. H. Kan, and U. Banin, “Efficient near-infrared polymer nanocrystal light-emitting diodes,” Science 295(5559), 1506–1508 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

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