Abstract
Angled interfaces between Ti:LiNbO3 guided-wave devices and fiber-optic pigtails have been used to suppress backreflections. The effect of angled interfaces on coupling loss between polarization-maintaining fibers and Ti:LiNbO3 waveguides is investigated. The theory is developed and predicts very small increases in coupling loss for modest interface angles (10 deg). Experiments confirmed the theoretical coupling angles, and the added loss due to angling was measured to be 0.57 dB per interface. A Mach–Zehnder modulator was made, with optimized angled-interface geometry, which exhibited no additional insertion loss compared with that from similar devices with perpendicular interfaces.
© 1988 Optical Society of America
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