Abstract

Third-harmonic generation (THG) in the cw regime from C-band radiation was achieved in annealed proton-exchanged periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguides. By suitable design of fabrication parameters and operating conditions, quasi-phase-matching (QPM) is obtained simultaneously for the second-harmonic generation process ($\omega \to 2\omega$, first-order QPM) and for the sum-frequency-generation process ($\omega +2\omega \to 3\omega$, third-order QPM), which provides the third harmonic of the pump field. The high overlap between the field profiles of the interacting modes—${\mathrm{TM}}_{00}$ at ω and ${\mathrm{TM}}_{10}$ at $2\omega$ and $3\omega$—results in what is believed to be the highest ever reported normalized conversion efficiency for THG from telecommunication wavelengths, equal to $0.72\%{\mathrm{W}}^{-2}{\mathrm{cm}}^{-4}$.

© 2006 Optical Society of America

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