Abstract

Single-mode X couplers and three-dimensional waveguides are fabricated in transparent glasses by use of an unamplified femtosecond laser generating energies of up to 100 nJ. Changing fabrication parameters such as power and scanning speed permits creation of waveguides with a wide range of structures and refractive-index difference. Optical coherence tomography shows large refractive-index changes of up to $\sim {10}^{-2}$ in the waveguides; these changes are consistent with guided mode analysis.

© 2001 Optical Society of America

Fabrication of coupled mode photonic devices in glass by nonlinear femtosecond laser materials processing

Kaoru Minoshima, Andrew M. Kowalevicz, Erich P. Ippen, and James G. Fujimoto
Opt. Express 10(15) 645-652 (2002)

Fabrication and analysis of a directional coupler written in glass by nanojoule femtosecond laser pulses

Alexander M. Streltsov and Nicholas F. Borrelli
Opt. Lett. 26(1) 42-43 (2001)

Wavelength division with three-dimensional couplers fabricated by filamentation of femtosecond laser pulses

Wataru Watanabe, Taishi Asano, Kazuhiro Yamada, Kazuyoshi Itoh, and Junji Nishii
Opt. Lett. 28(24) 2491-2493 (2003)

Micromachining bulk glass by use of femtosecond laser pulses with nanojoule energy

Chris B. Schaffer, André Brodeur, José F. García, and Eric Mazur
Opt. Lett. 26(2) 93-95 (2001)

In situ observation of photoinduced refractive-index changes in filaments formed in glasses by femtosecond laser pulses

Kazuhiro Yamada, Wataru Watanabe, Tadamasa Toma, Kazuyoshi Itoh, and Junji Nishii
Opt. Lett. 26(1) 19-21 (2001)