${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$ green upconversion (UC) emission corresponding to the transition of ${}^{4}S_{3∕2}\left({}^{2}H_{11∕2}\right)\to {}^{4}I_{15∕2}$ is enhanced in a $\mathrm{Er}∕\mathrm{Dy}$ -codoped $\mathrm{Li}\mathrm{Nb}{\mathrm{O}}_3$ crystal compared with Er-doped $\mathrm{Li}\mathrm{Nb}{\mathrm{O}}_3$ under $800\mathrm{nm}$ femtosecond-laser excitation at room temperature. The upconversion mechanisms are proposed based on spectral, kinetic, and pump-power dependence analyses. The energy-transfer efficiency from ${\mathrm{Dy}}^{3+}\left({}^{4}F_{9∕2}\right)$ to ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}\left({}^{4}F_{7∕2}\right)$ is 33%, which results in the enhancement of green UC emission. This energy transfer is advantageous for the ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$ UC emission sensitized by ${\mathrm{Dy}}^{3+}$ , especially in a low-phonon-energy host matrix.

© 2008 Optical Society of America

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