Simultaneous and independent active Q switching and active mode locking of an erbium-doped fiber laser is demonstrated using all-fiber modulation techniques. A magnetostrictive rod attached to the output fiber Bragg grating modulates the Q factor of the Fabry–Perot cavity, whereas active mode locking is achieved by amplitude modulation with a Bragg-grating-based acousto-optic device. Fully modulated Q-switched mode-locked trains of optical pulses were obtained for a wide range of pump powers and repetition rates. For a Q-switched repetition rate of $500\mathrm{Hz}$ and a pump power of $100\mathrm{mW}$ , the laser generates trains of 12–14 mode-locked pulses of about $1\mathrm{ns}$ each, within an envelope of $550\mathrm{ns}$ , an overall energy of $0.65\mu \mathrm{J}$ , and a peak power higher than $250\mathrm{W}$ for the central pulses of the train.