A high-power $588\mathrm{nm}$ light produced by an intracavity frequency-doubling acousto-optic Q-switched self-frequency Raman laser is reported. A $20\text{-}\mathrm{mm}$ -long $\mathrm{Y}\mathrm{V}{\mathrm{O}}_4∕\mathrm{Nd}:\mathrm{Y}\mathrm{V}{\mathrm{O}}_4$ composite crystal and a $15\text{-}\mathrm{mm}$ -long $\mathrm{Li}{\mathrm{B}}_3{\mathrm{O}}_5$ (LBO) with noncritical phase-matching ( $\theta =90°$ , $\varphi =0°$ ) cut were adopted for efficient self-Raman laser operation and second-harmonic generation, respectively. By the optimizing the focus position of incident pump light and Q-switch repetition rate, yellow light with $5.7\mathrm{W}$ average power was generated under the pump power of $23.5\mathrm{W}$ , corresponding to the overall diode-yellow conversion efficiency of 24.2% and slope efficiency of 32%. The pulse width is about $16\mathrm{ns}$ , and the pulse energy is up to $95\mu \mathrm{J}$ .