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Hopf–Ranãda linked and knotted light beam solution viewed as a null electromagnetic field

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Abstract

The Hopf–Ranãda linked and knotted light beam solution, which has been interpreted physically and extended analytically by Irvine and Bouwmeester recently, is viewed in this Letter as a null electromagnetic field. It is shown, in particular, that the Hopf–Ranãda solution is a variant of a luminal null electromagnetic wave due originally to Robinson and Troutman and reported by Bialynicki-Birula recently. This analogy is motivated by means of a method due to Whittaker and Bateman, and a relationship to well-known scalar luminal localized waves is examined.

© 2009 Optical Society of America

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