We investigate an air-slot photonic crystal cavity for high-precision refractive index sensing. The high quality factor $\sim 2.6\times {10}^4$ of the cavity, along with a strong overlap between the resonant mode and the hollow core region, allows us to achieve an experimental sensitivity of $510\mathrm{nm}$ per refractive index unit (RUI) and a detection limit below $1\times {10}^{-5}\mathrm{RUI}$ . The device has a remarkably low sensing volume of $40\text{aliters}$ , holding less than $1\times {10}^6$ molecules.

© 2010 Optical Society of America

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