We introduce a photonic crystal hetero-slab-edge microcavity design with surface mode, which is beneficial for optical index sensing. The simulated index sensitivity $\left(R_n\right)$ as high as $675\mathrm{nm}$ per refractive index unit (nm/RIU) variation is obtained with slab thickness of $180\mathrm{nm}$ . In experiments, single surface mode lasing action from a real device is observed. Based on the surface mode in this microcavity, high experimental $R_n$ value of $625\mathrm{nm}$ /RIU is achieved by detecting index variation in a $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{O}}_2$ chamber with different gas pressures.

© 2010 Optical Society of America

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